Informationsteknologin (IT) är i dagens samhälle en förutsättning för företag ochorganisationers utveckling och konkurrenskraft. En av de stora utmaningarna är att hanterade ökade mängderna information på ett effektivt sätt. Ett verktyg för det är att investera iett intranät som stödjer den interna informationen och kommunikationen i verksamheten.Det finns ett identifierat gap i teorin kring tillvägagångssätt vid införande av intranät blandsmå- och medelstora företag. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera tillvägagångssätt vid införande av intranät i små- och medelstoraföretag samt att ta fram rekommendationer för ett intranätinförande. Utifrån syftet har ett tolkande förhållningssätt enligt aktionsforskningsmetoden använts dåjag själv varit delaktig i det som undersökts. Den empiriska datainsamlingen har utökatsgenom en intervju med ett företag som infört ett intranät samt en intervju med enintranätkonsult. Den teoretiska referensramen syftar till att stödja förståelsen för införande av intranät ochtar exempelvis upp vad ett intranät är, orsaker till misslyckade intranät samt metoder ochmodeller som kan vara lämpliga vid ett intranätinförande. De empiriska data har samlats infrån ett företag som infört intranät samt från en konsult som arbetat med intranät. I analysen har en diskussion förts kring insamlad teori och empiri vilket har mynnat ut istudiens slutsatser. Studien har pekat på ett antal faktorer som är viktiga att tänka på vidintranätinförande. Dessa är: Bygga upp stöd från verksamheten Nulägesanalys för att undersöka behovet Användarmedverkan Förankring och kommunikation Stöd från utomstående konsult De vanligaste misstagen vid intranätinförande är Brist på initialt stöd från verksamhetenoch Inte tillräckligt fokus på användarna. Jag rekommenderar att studera de agila metoderna närmare då de lämpar sig bra för mindreprojekt där förändringar kan uppstå under projektets gång. Varje enskild verksamhetbehöver dock utifrån de förutsättningar som finns besluta vilken metod som ska tillämpas.Förankring och användarmedverkan bör prioriteras redan i det initiala arbetet medintranätet. / Information technology (IT) is a prerequisite for companies and organizations'development and competitiveness. One of the major challenges is to manage the increasingamounts of information in an efficient manner. One solution is to invest in an intranet thatsupports the business' internal information and communication. There is an identified gapin theory regarding how to implement intranets among small-and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of this thesis is to study the approach for how to implement intranets intosmall and medium-sized enterprises and develop recommendations for an intranetimplementation. An interpretive approach according to the action research method was applied because Iwas involved in what was studied. Besides the action research the empirical data consiststwo interviews, one with a company who has implemented an intranet and one with anintranet consultant. The theoretical framework is aimed to support the understanding of the implementation ofintranets and describes for example what an intranet is, reasons for failure of the intranet aswell as methods and models that may be suitable for an intranet implementation. Theempirical data is gathered from a company that has implemented an intranet and from aconsultant who works with intranets. The analysis contains a discussion around the theoretical framework and empirical data andsubsequently led to the conclusions of the study. The study has identified a number offactors that are important to have in mind when implementing an intranet. These are: Support from the organization Analysis of the current situation to examine the need User involvement Establishment and communication Support from external consultant The most common mistakes in intranet implementations are Lack of initial support fromthe organization and Not enough focus on users. I recommend studying the Agile methods more closely because they are suitable for smallerprojects where changes can occur during the project. Every organization need to decidewhich method to use based on the existing conditions. Establishment and userinvolvement should be prioritized from the initial work with the intranet.

Understanding the wide range of outcomes achieved by firms trying to implement TQM and similar process improvement initiatives presents a challenge to management science and organization theory: a few firms reap sustained benefits from their programs, but most efforts fail and are abandoned. A defining feature of such techniques is the reliance on the front-line workforce to do the work of improvement, thus creating the possibility of agency problems; different incentives facing managers and workers. Specifically, successfully improving productivity can lead to lay-offs. The literature provides two opposing theories of how agency interacts with the ability of quality-oriented improvement techniques to dramaticlly increase productivity. The 'Drive Out Fear' school argues that firms must commit to job security, while the 'Drive In Fear' school emphasizes the positive role that insecurity plays in motivating change. In this study a contract theoretic model is developed to analyze the role of agency in process improvement. The main insight of the study is that there are two types of job security, internal and external, that have opposite impacts on the firm's abilty to implement improvement initiatives. The distinction is useful in explaining the results of different case studies and can reconcile the two change theories. / National Science Foundation, grant SBR-9422228, the Ford Motor Company and the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. MIT Sloan School of Management, Center for Innovation in Product Development

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:38:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11239_Dissertação Bianca - Versão Final 01.11 (1).pdf: 2700538 bytes, checksum: f808b39fc3a9f9166dc53460e40ec009 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / A filosofia lean contempla uma variedade de princípios, metodologias e ferramentas de gestão que objetivam eliminar desperdícios por meio da melhoria contínua dos processos e, entregar apenas valor aos clientes. A implantação desta em organizações de serviço ainda se encontra em estágio inicial, principalmente quanto aos portos. Logo, o objetivo geral desta dissertação foi desenvolver um método para a implantação da filosofia lean na gestão portuária, intitulado Lean Port Implementation (LPI). Para isso traçou-se objetivos específicos como: a) explicar a filosofia lean e suas ferramentas; b) apresentar o ramo dos serviços e modelos de aplicação da filosofia lean em indústrias de serviço; c) realizar revisão bibliográfica sobre serviços lean; d) compreender as operações portuárias, o conceito de porto lean e identificar os modelos existentes na implantação da filosofia lean na gestão portuária. Em virtude da ausência de recursos financeiros, humanos e tempo para implantar o método, delimitou-se também como objetivo específico a proposição de um Plano de Implantação do LPI no terminal público do Porto de Vitória- ES. Sendo assim, foram estabelecidas três etapas principais nesta pesquisa sendo a primeira a definição do universo pesquisado (Porto de Vitória- ES), a segunda a proposição do método e a terceira o desenvolvimento de um Plano de Implantação do método LPI. Os resultados previstos foram alcançados e o método LPI apresenta diferenciais significativos. Está estruturado em fases de implantação bem definidas e detalhadas contendo o respectivo foco de atuação, a ação principal e passos a serem realizados, sugestões de ferramentas lean e desafios que podem surgir durante a implantação de cada etapa. Ademais, sugere métricas para medir os processos, e indicadores para monitorar a satisfação dos clientes portuários e as operações gerais do porto, aspectos não contemplados nos modelos identificados na literatura. Desta forma, conclui-se que por ser considerado mais detalhado e completo, facilita o entendimento da autoridade portuária sobre como implantar a filosofia lean minimizando erros e falhas. O método trouxe contribuições para o campo científico, organizações públicas e privadas, clientes portuários e sociedade. / The lean philosophy encompasses a variety of principles, methodologies and management tools that aim to eliminate waste by continuously improving processes and delivering only value to customers. The deployment of this in service organizations is still at an early stage, mainly regarding ports. Therefore, the general objective of this dissertation was to develop a method for the implementation of the lean philosophy in port management, entitled Lean Port Implementation (LPI). For this purpose, specific objectives were established such as: a) explain lean philosophy and its tools; b) present the service branch and application models of lean philosophy in service industries; c) carry out literature review on lean services; d) understand the port operations, the concept of lean port and identify the existing models in the implementation of lean philosophy in port management. Due to the lack of financial resources, human resources and time to implement the method, it was also defined as a specific objective to propose an LPI Implementation Plan in the public terminal of the Port of Vitoria- ES. Thus, three main steps were established in this research, the first being the definition of the universe searched (Port of Vitoria - ES), the second the proposal of the method and the third the development of an Implementation Plan of the LPI method. The expected results were achieved and the LPI method presented significant differentials. It is structured in well-defined and detailed implementation phases containing the respective focus of action, the main action and steps to be carried out, suggestions of lean tools and challenges that may arise during the implementation of each step. In addition, it suggests metrics to measure the processes, and indicators to monitor the satisfaction of the port clients and the general operations of the port, aspects not contemplated in the models identified in the literature. In this way, it is concluded that because it is considered more detailed and complete, it facilitates the understanding of the port authority on how to implement the lean philosophy, minimizing errors and failures. The method brought contributions to the scientific field, public and private organizations, port clients and society

The aim of this thesis was in the range of implement documentation with all the necessary reports and calculations. The project involves the new building nursery school in Bílovice nad Svitavou. Project was created with modern computer applications. This thesis has been processed in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The thesis is arranged in three parts, separate architectural study, text attachments and drawing part.

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This qualitative study examined how a peer teacher implemented, evaluated, and modified a life-skill centered token economy (LSCTE) model. The LSCTE is a hybrid of various components of token economy models that I have researched and observed. It is a classroom management model designed to help students participate in various roles/jobs that prepare them for community involvement and employment by giving them simulated experiences within a micro-society in the classroom. A peer teacher volunteered to implement the LSCTE. The findings demonstrated the participant's success with teaching children responsibility and accountability. Some of the benefits of the model reported by the participant included a well managed and less stressful classroom, which brought her both personal satisfaction and parental praise. The thesis concludes with recommendations and further studies for the LSCTE.

Despite the DoE having made progress in providing training to teachers in the necessary skills, the inclusive education teachers were experiencing challenges to implementing inclusive practises in their schools and that some schools had not even commenced with implementation. They were raising a concern over their professional development, particularly its effectiveness. This study investigates the nature of professional development support offered to teachers in implementing inclusive education, in order to suggest effective strategies. The qualitative approach and multiple case study design were employed .The data collecting instruments used were: individual interviews, observation and documentation. The current professional development model used for inclusive education was not effective therefore strategies are needed to improve the current professional development. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Detta examensarbete har utförts åt Ålö, som är en tillverkare av frontlastare och redskap till dessa. Ett av deras redskap, vars syfte är snöröjning, är utrustat med hydrauliskt justerbara sidoklaffar som kan fällas bakåt och nyttjas som plogblad. De fyller dock inte denna uppgift tillfredsställande då snö tenderar falla tillbaka bakom dem. Det bildas även en triangulär spalt mellan klaffarna och underlaget vid plogning, detta lämnar kvar en sträng av snö, utöver det som faller ner bakom klaffarna. Målet i detta projekt var att utveckla en plogklaff som löser tidigare nämnda problem genom att ersätta den högra sidoklaffen till skopan. Utvecklingen har initierats med en studie av rapporter, existerande plogar, kontakt med brukare och fastställande av de begränsningar som råder. Detta har sedan utgjort grunden för en rad koncept, av vilka de mest lovande sammanfogades till en prototyp. Kraftberäkningar utifrån det lastfall som uppstår vid plogning har sedan använts för att bl.a. dimensionera skruvförband och skapa randvillkoren för en finita element-analys. Finita element-analysen har sedan nyttjats för att göra en uppskattning av antalet cykler med momentan maximal belastning plogklaffen klarar innan utmattningsbrott sker. Kraftberäkningarna visade att hydraulcylinderns tryckbegränsare öppnar redan innan maximal belastning uppnås. Finita element-analys och kraftberäkningar till skruvförband förutsätter likväl att maximal belastning kan erhållas momentant i syfte att ge konservativa resultat. Under denna förutsättning skiljer belastningen i skruvförbanden endast ca 7-10 % mellan finita element-analys och handberäkningar. Samtliga beräkningar är inom spannen för skruvförbandens hållfasthet. Utmattningsberäkningarna visade att antalet cykler plogklaffen klarar vid maximal belastning uppgår till ca 346 000. Detta avser områden av intresse och inkluderar således ej delar vilka redan utvärderats i originalklaffen. Svetsförband, som i regel är dimensionerande i situationer som dessa, har ej sett någon utmattningsmässig utvärdering utan kommer istället behandlas vid tester av prototypen. Prototypen uppfyller de utsatta målen och tillverkningsunderlag i form av 3D-CAD modeller och 2D-ritningar (inklusive svetsritningar) har levererats. En fysisk prototyp är även beställd och kommer tillverkas av Vännäs Verkstads AB, planerat leveransdatum är 2017-06-08. Den kommer utvärderas under vintern 2017/2018. / This thesis work has been carried out for Ålö, a manufacturer of front loaders and implements for these. One of their implements, whose purpose is snow clearing, is equipped with hydraulically adjustable flaps that can be folded backwards and used as plows. However, they do not fill this task satisfactorily as snow tends to fall down behind them. A triangular gap between the flaps and the ground is also formed during plowing. This leaves a string of snow behind, aside from the snowmass already falling down behind the flaps. The goal for this project was to develop a plow that solves the aforementioned problems by replacing the right side flap on the bucket. The development was initiated with a study of reports, existing plows, contact with users and determining existing constraints. This has since provided the basis for a series of concepts, of which the most promising ones were joined to a prototype. Force calculations based on the load scenario that occurs during plowing have been used to find appropriate fasteners and create boundary conditions for a finite element analysis. The finite element analysis has then been used to estimate the number of cycles with maximum load the plow can be subjected to before it succumbs to fatigue failure. Force calculations showed that the pressure limiter for the hydraulic cylinder opens even before maximum load is reached. Despite this, finite element analysis and force calculations for fasteners were still based on the condition that maximum load is achieved momentarily to produce convervative results. Under this condition, the load on fasteners differs only ca 7-10 % between finite element analysis and calculations made by hand. All calculations are within the span for the fasteners proof strength. Fatigue calculations showed that the number of cycles the plow can handle with maximum load amounts to approximately 346 000. This refers to areas of interest and thus does not include parts already evaluated in the original flap. Welds, which usually dictate minimum strength in situations like these, have not seen any fatigue evaluations, but will instead be addressed while testing the prototype. The prototype meets the set goals and production documentation in the form of 3D-CAD models and 2D drawings (including weldment drawings) have been delivered. A physical prototype is also ordered and will be manufactured by Vännäs Verkstads AB, scheduled delivery date is 2017-06-08. It will be evaluated during the winter of 2017/2018.

Les travaux de recherche exposés dans ce mémoire se positionnent dans le domaine de la conception sécuritaire. Cette thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à rendre opérationnelle la méthode IRAD (Innovative Risk Assessment Design), qui intègre la sécurité de manière systématique tout au long du processus de conception. Dans cet objectif, nous proposons dans un premier temps de formaliser un type de retour d’expérience (les rapports d’accident) qui détaille les faits liés aux éléments d’une situation de travail et à des événements qui ont mené à un accident. Ensuite, nous proposons deux démarches complémentaires de reconception sécuritaire: une démarche d’ingénierie inverse fonctionnelle pour la sécurité (FRES) et une démarche de réingénierie fonctionnelle pour la sécurité (FR2ES). FRES permet d’extraire les connaissances à la fois sur l’accident et sur la conception du système impliqué dans l’accident. Elle permet ensuite d’évaluer le niveau de sécurité du système par l’estimation d’un indicateur de sécurité dépendant notamment du type de risque identifié. Cet indicateur est utilisé comme paramètre d’aide à la décision lors de la phase de reconception du système. La deuxième démarche, FR2ES, permet de définir les objectifs de sécurité liés à chaque phase de la conception dans le but d’éliminer ou de réduire un risque donné. Les solutions les plus sécuritaires possibles sont ensuite obtenues d’une part en intégrant ces objectifs de sécurité dans le processus de reconception et d’autre part à l’aide de l’indicateur de sécurité appliqué aux solutions proposées. Enfin, l’applicabilité de ces démarches a été démontrée sur deux types de liaisons tracteurs-outils, l’arbre de transmission à cardans et la liaison trois points - systèmes permettant d’atteler les outils aux tracteurs et de les motoriser. / The research presented in this thesis is positioned in the field of design for safety. This thesis is particularly interested in operationalizing the IRAD (Innovative Risk Assessment Design) method, which integrates safety systematically throughout the design process. For this purpose, in first step, we propose to formalize a type of experience feedback (accident reports) detailing the facts relating to the elements of a working situation and the events that led to an accident. In the next step, we propose two complementary approaches to redesign for safety: functional reverse engineering for safety (FRES) and functional re-engineering for safety (FR2ES). FRES is used to extract knowledge on both the accident and the design of the system involved in the accident. This approach allows assessing the safety level of the system by estimating a safety indicator depending on the type of identified risk. This indicator is used as a parameter for decision support during the redesign of the system. FR2ES defines the safety objectives related to each phase of the design in order to eliminate or reduce a given risk. The safest solutions are then obtained, on the one hand, by incorporating these safety objectives in the redesign process and, on the other hand, by using the safety indicator applied to the proposed solutions. Finally, the applicability of these approaches is demonstrated on two types of tractor-implement hitches: the power take off shaft and the three point hitch systems.

Government officials in the Caribbean are encouraging the production of electricity from renewable energy sources to reduce the impact of high electricity rates to customers due to region's dependency on imported fossil fuel. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore the strategies electric utility managers in the Caribbean used to implement renewable energy technologies. The diffusion of innovation theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Three managers of an electric utility in the Caribbean, who had created strategies to implement renewable energy technologies, participated in face-to-face semistructured interviews. These managers provided in-depth information on approaches used to implement these technologies. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis of data that were collected from the semistructured interviews and document reviews: development and integration of renewable energy technologies into utility operations, avoidance of future investments in fossil fuels, and inclusion of key stakeholders in the transition to implementing renewable energy technologies. The implications for social change to the Caribbean region from a successful implementation of the technologies may include employment opportunities through the creation of new industries, eradication of energy poverty, and a healthier and cleaner environment. Also, government officials can save significant foreign exchange by not having to import fossil fuel for electricity generation and use these savings to invest in other sectors that can provide further economic and social growth for the people of the region.