Ford Madox Ford est un écrivain impressionniste qui se veut historien de son temps et paraît représenter la vie moderne grâce à un texte envisagé à partir du visuel pour faire voir. Il encourage ainsi le rapprochement de son écriture avec l’art des peintres français du XIXème siècle, mais il engage dans ses récits une multitude d’arts et d’esthétiques afin de produire son impression suivant sa pensée originale et singulière. Celle-ci soutient l’accumulation et l’association artistiques mises en œuvre dans les romans en brisant les cadres esthétiques établis pour fusionner arts et esthétiques dans une forme qui s’adapte au réel afin d’en structurer l’informe et de le révéler pour en offrir une expérience au lecteur. Soumis au pictural et au théâtral pour se donner à voir dans des tableaux et des scènes, le récit dévoile en fait comment la modernité résiste à l’illusion mimétique. Peinture et théâtre figurent donc non le visible mais sa perte, et les romans sont poussés par leur objet à la dé-figuration proprement moderne que l’esthétique fordienne promeut et que le cinéma porte. Celui-ci donne alors accès à la vision d’un monde fragmenté et en mouvement par sa totalisation dans la métamorphose continue du filmique, qui en outre invite l’identification visuelle. Mais le cinématographique n’ouvre pas à la totalisation du roman, ni à ce dialogue que l’auteur entend engager avec son lecteur sym-pathique pour lui transférer son œuvre. Ce transfert se fait bien par le texte et sa structure mais en définitive hors de la figuration, grâce à la musique du roman qui à la fois gouverne, rassemble et abolit la représentation, les arts et le texte pour faire com-prendre l’œuvre. / Ford Madox Ford is an impressionist writer who purports to be a historian of his own time and seems to represent modern life in a text conceived visually to make you see. He thus encourages a parallel between his writing and the nineteenth-century French painters’ art to be drawn ; yet he draws on a vast array of arts and aesthetics in his narratives to forge his impression according to his original and singular conception of art. That conception supports the artistic accumulation and association exercised in the novels while it shatters established aesthetic frameworks to merge arts and aesthetics in a form which adapts to reality to structure its formlessness and reveals it to offer an experience of it to the reader. In obeying pictorial and theatrical norms to be seen as pictures or in scenes, the narrative in fact discloses how modernity resists mimetic illusion. So painting and the theatre do not represent visibility but its loss, and the novels are forced by their object to embrace a thoroughly modern de-figuration which Fordian aesthetics endorses and the cinema realises. The latter then grants access to the vision of a fragmented and moving world totalled by the continuous metamorphosis of film, which besides encourages visual identification. However the cinema does not lead to the totalisation of the novel, nor to the dialog which the writer intends to have with his sympathetic reader in order to transfer his artwork onto him. That transfer does happen by means of the text and its structure but ultimately without figuration, through the music of the novel which at once governs, unites and abolishes representation, the arts and the text so the artwork be com-prehended.

Jacques-Émile Blanche (1861-1942) is rarely included in histories of late nineteenth-century French art, despite his prolific career as an artist who produced over 2,000 paintings. A portraitist, Blanche’s upbringing as the son of an eminent psychiatrist provided him with a wealth of sitters connected to his father’s fashionable clinic and, I argue, a distinctive approach to their representation. These relatively unstudied portraits of famous Parisian intellectuals and socialites deserve our attention as works of ‘psychological impressionism’. Combining penetrating observation with painterly execution, Blanche’s methods emphasised the ‘nervous’ disposition of his sitters. Blanche’s practice as a portraitist is one of the reasons for his neglect. His contemporaries were evasive when it came to writing about the genre, uncertain of how to evaluate it – a critical apprehension that has persisted to this day. Art historians are as implicated in what may be thought of as a hesitation around the status and significance of portraiture in late-nineteenth-century French art. The thesis seeks in part to redress this through its examination of Blanche’s portraits as intuitive works of art that not only reflected but also, more actively, produced particular forms of knowledge about the ‘nervous’ condition of Parisian high society. With a focus on Blanche’s depictions of Marcel Proust (1871-1922) and the Comtesse de Castiglione (1837-1899), the thesis considers Blanche’s ‘neurasthenic portraits’ in relation to discourses on modern psychiatry, modernity, and modern art, drawing attention to how they enrich our understanding of the social, cultural and artistic contexts in which Blanche lived and worked. By situating Blanche’s artistic practice within his father’s clinical practice, and by embracing a methodology that draws upon both the histories of art and psychiatry, I argue that the language of Blanche’s portraiture was environmentally connected to the language of nervous disorder. As such this thesis will provide an original contribution to the scholarship on Blanche and offer significant insights into the entanglement of art, culture and nerves in nineteenth-century Paris.

La fin du XIXe siècle montréalais est une période de grand foisonnement intellectuel et culturel, qui voit l’apparition de plusieurs courants artistiques, comme l’impressionnisme et le symbolisme. Ces courants artistiques manifestent des tendances analogues dans des arts différents. Plusieurs associations artistiques se forment durant cette période, et l’École littéraire de Montréal, fondée en 1895, est l’une des plus importantes. Un de ses membres les plus célèbres est le poète Émile Nelligan, qui rédige une œuvre fulgurante entre 1896 et 1899. Par ses liens avec les autres membres de l’École, Nelligan est proche des changements culturels de son époque, et plusieurs de ses poèmes font référence à des arts autres que la littérature, comme la peinture et la musique. Notre objectif est d’étudier comment les tendances artistiques principales de l’époque, particulièrement en peinture et en musique, se présentent dans l’œuvre poétique de Nelligan. Notre étude s’appuie sur la démarche de Gérard Dessons, qui analyse les éléments constitutifs du discours poétique pour en extraire le sens. Nous désirons apporter une meilleure compréhension des courants artistiques présents à Montréal durant cette période et montrer comment Nelligan emploie des procédés littéraires analogues pour incorporer les traits principaux de ces courants artistiques dans son œuvre. Nous voulons aussi éclairer la nature transdisciplinaire de l’œuvre de Nelligan et sa profonde sensibilité aux relations entre les arts, même s’il n’a pratiqué que la littérature. / The end of the 19th century in Montreal is a time of great intellectual and cultural development, which sees the birth of new artistic currents such as impressionism and symbolism. These currents appear in many different arts of the time. Many artistic associations are created during this period, and the École littéraire de Montréal is one of the most important among them. One of the most famous members of the École is poet Émile Nelligan, who produced a great amount of work between 1896 and 1899. Through his connections with the other members of the École littéraire de Montréal, Nelligan was in contact with the cultural and artistic changes of the time, and many of his poems include references to arts other than literature, such as painting and music. Our aim is to study how the artistic currents of the time, particularly in painting and in music, appear in Nelligan’s poetry. We base our study on the approach of literary analysis by Gérard Dessons, which is based on the analysis of different literary elements and techniques that make up the poem in order to derive its meaning. We wish to bring a greater understanding of the artistic trends present in turn-of-the-century Montreal and how Nelligan uses literary techniques to incorporate the principal techniques and ideas of those artistic currents in his work. We also wish to show the transdisciplinary nature of Nelligan’s work and his great sensibility to the relationships between the arts, even if he practiced only literature during his lifetime.

En 1946, la parution à New York de l’Histoire de l’impressionnisme de John Rewald consacra l’aura d’une historiographie scientifique du mouvement, cautionnée par un investissement documentaire. Cette qualité l’opposait à un monde profane, dominé par une tradition orale et en particulier la réputation de certains témoignages. Un examen attentif ne saurait pourtant donner raison au postulat d’une nature exclusivement savante du document. Une documentation impressionniste se constitua en effet, dès le début du XXe siècle, par l’intermédiaire de producteurs hétéroclites, artistes, témoins, héritiers, critiques, journalistes, aussi bien qu’historiens professionnels, conservateurs et universitaires. Elle peut ainsi être envisagée autant comme le fruit d’une quête de la vérité factuelle que comme l’appropriation d’un objet d’étude populaire, à travers ses empreintes écrites et visuelles. L’appareillage des lectures de l’impressionnisme réunit de la sorte : les autographes ; les memorabilia, meubles ou immeubles chargés du souvenir des peintres ; les technologies photographique et cinématographique. Ces documents participaient en outre d’une culture visuelle plus vaste, incluant les monuments et les plaques commémoratives dans l’espace public, ou encore les motifs transformés par l’acte pictural en points de vue remarquables. L’étude historique et critique de l’écriture de l’histoire impressionniste comme (dé)monstration documentaire permet de revenir sur les circonstances sociales et visuelles de sa mise en œuvre, sur les enjeux de carrière auxquels elle participa, et sur les missions qui lui furent assignées au sein de différents discours sur l’art, savants et profanes. / In 1946 the publication of John Rewald’s History of Impressionism in New York consecrated the aura of the movement’s scientific historiography, supported by documentary investment. This quality confronted laymen’s narratives, which oral tradition and some witness’s accounts’ reputations dominated. Yet, a close consideration could not agree with the assumption of an exclusive scholarly nature of the document. Since the beginning of the 20th century, varied producers, such as artists, witnesses, heirs, critics, journalists, as well as professional historians, museum curators and academics formed an impressionist documentation. It thus can be interpreted as a quest for factual truth, as much as an appropriation of a research object through its written and visual marks. The equipment of impressionist readings hence gathered are: autographs; memorabilia, movable and physical assets as souvenirs of artists; photographic and cinematographic technologies. Moreover, these documents fit into a broader visual culture which included monuments and commemorative plaques of the public sphere, or motives transformed by pictorial acts into remarkable viewpoints. A historical and critical study of such a writing of history as documentary (de)monstration allows here to look back to its execution’s social and visual contexts, the career issues in which it participated, the goals that had been assigned to it within both scholars’ and laymen’s art discourses.

During the early 19th century, the flautist became known as a frivolous “dandy” figure whose extravagant appearance suited his light and virtuoso playing. He becomes a so-called professional virtuoso, generating his own income in the absence of aristocratic patronage while entertaining the rising bourgeois public, who demands light yet virtuoso performances. Many artists are disillusioned in this sphere where the arts seem to be reduced to something that is merely utile to the public – a form of entertainment; a social tool. The greatest concern of writers and poets is that the universal truth of their modern reality will not be expressed in art. It becomes the quest of these seemingly disempowered intellectuals to fight this tendency and to express the existential anguish, uncertainty and ennui of the modern materialist society through their art. It is against this background that the concept of the flautist as “aristocratic virtuoso” is developed. This idea opposes the concept of the “professional virtuoso” of the early 19th century. In this society where artists have to find their voice without the support of the aristocratic classes, 19th century disillusioned poet Charles Baudelaire develops the concept of a symbolic cultural aristocracy, wherein the artist is a privileged outsider “on the inside”; a spectator who takes up all of everyday existence, and transforms it into a profound poetic reality. It is with this theory in mind that I develop my thesis of the flautist as aristocratic virtuoso – a figure who captures the universal beauty of his time through his music and shares it with his audience. This dissertation is, therefore, a study of the events that brought about this re-definition of the role of the flautist in the 19th century. It explores the contribution of prominent composers, the impact of the Société Nationale de Musique Française and the French Flute School, as well as the development of the instrument. AFRIKAANS : Gedurende die vroeë 19de eeu onderskei die fluitis hom as ‘n byna windmakerige “dandy” figuur; sy fisieke voorkoms passend by sy ligte, dartelende tog uiters virtuose spel. Hierdie vroeë 19de eeuse fluitis staan bekend as die professionele virtuoos, omdat kunstenaars nie meer die beskermheerskap van die aristokrasie geniet nie, en vir hulle bestaan afhanklik word van die bourgeois publiek wat indrukwekkende, dog verteerbare vermaak van musici vereis. Verskeie kunstenaars voel vervreem in hierdie sfeer waarbinne die kunste gereduseer word tot iets wat “van nut” is vir die publiek. Die grootste kommer van skrywers en digters is dat dit wat van universele waarde in die realiteit van hulle epog is, nie tot uitdrukking kom in die kunste nie. Skrywers en intellektuele voel hulleself ontmagtig en dit word hulle doel om teen hierdie tendens te stry en deur hulle kuns die eksistensiële angs, onsekerheid en leegheid van die moderne materiële bestel uit te beeld. Dit is in hierdie denkraamwerk dat die konsep van die fluitis as “aristokraat virtuoos” sy oorsprong het. Hierdie idee staan vanselfsprekend in teenstelling met die “professionele virtuoos” van die vroeë 19de eeu. In ʼn samelewing waar die kunste sonder die reële gegewe van die aristokratiese beskerming en bevordering ʼn medium moet vind waarbinne hulle eie moderniteit uitgedruk kan word, ontwikkel die 19de eeuse ontnugterde digter Charles Baudelaire die konsep van ʼn nuutgevonde simboliese “kulturele” aristokrasie. Hy ontwikkel ʼn interessante dualiteit rondom die kunstenaar wat as bevoorregte objektiewe buitestaander ten nouste betrokke is by die samelewing en wat daarvoor verantwoordelik is om die tydelike met die ewige te verbind deur sy/haar kuns. Dis vanuit hierdie idee dat ek ʼn saak maak vir die fluitis as aristokraat virtuoos – as figuur wat binne die medium van musiek die skoonheid van sy tyd vasvang en met sy gehore deel. My studie is dus ‘n ondersoek rondom die gebeurtenisse wat hierdie hervorming in die 19de eeu meebring. Ek bestudeer komponiste wat ‘n belangrike bydrae lewer tot die fluitrepertorium, en ondersoek die stigting van die Société Nationale de Musique Française en die Franse Fluitskool, en die ontwikkeling van die instrument self. Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / unrestricted

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the artistry of the Swedish artist Gerda Wallander (1860–1926). Wallander’s artistry has until recently been overlooked in Swedish art history, it is therefore uncharted territory. Provincialism is used as the overall theoretical framework in this study. By applying provincialism as the overall theoretical framework, the study distinguishes between international, national, and personal characteristics in Wallander’s aesthetics. In order to rediscover her artistry, the following study analyzes her biography, exhibitions, works of art, as well as the media coverage of Wallander’s artistry. The applied method is based on network analysis inspired by Pierre Bourdieu, biographical method, picture analysis inspired by Jan-Gunnar Sjölin, and close reading. The study demonstrates that Wallander’s artistic career is divided in two different periods, 1883–1895 and 1909–1919. Wallander’s aesthetics is characterized as moderate progressive in both of these periods, as the study suggests that this artistic sensibility enables her to gain recognition as a professional artist within the Swedish art scene. In addition, Wallander specializes in cityscape-painting depicting Stockholm during the early 20th century in her second artistic period. This illustrates the provincial aspects of Wallander’s artistry, as she implements both international and national artistic influences into her art. Furthermore, this study suggests that Gerda Wallander’s way of depicting pre-modern Stockholm is her way of dealing with the new urban experience, which is an effect of the rapid transformation of the Swedish capital in the beginning of the 20th century. The study exposes the lack of knowledge of this field, namely the depiction of Stockholm in early Swedish 20th century art within the Swedish art history discipline.

No description available.

<p>У овом раду представљен је целокупан књижевни опус Борислава Михајловића<br />Михиза, једног од најзначајнијих српских критичара друге половине двадесетог века.<br />Михајловићево дело грана се у три главна тока (критика, драма, аутобиографско-<br />мемоарска проза) и два споредна (поезија и антологичарски рад), што његов опус чини<br />специфичним и јединственим у послератној књижевности.<br />У првом поглављу дат је његов развојни стваралачки пут, почев од књижевне<br />дружине &bdquo;Стражилово&rdquo; у Сремским Карловцима, преко Симине 9а и првих јавних<br />наступа на Правном факултету, па до штампања књиге стихова Песме (1947) и Огледа<br />(1951).<br />Друго поглавље посвећено је Михизовим новинским рецензијама објављеним у<br />НИН-у, Књижевним новинама и Политици, током педесетих и шездесетих година<br />двадесетог века.<br />У трећем поглављу говори се о његовом боравку у Новом Саду, где је радио као<br />управник Библиотеке Матице српске и активно учествовао у културном животу града.<br />Михизов антологичарски рад представљен је у четвртом поглављу, а у петом се<br />анализирају његови ставови о критици, као и текстови објављени у књигама Од истог<br />читаоца, Књижевни разговори и Портрети.<br />У шестом поглављу разматрамо Михајловићеву аутобиографско-мемоарску<br />прозу и указујемо на његов значај као рецезента другим писцима.<br />Седмо поглавље посвећено је његовом раду у театру, почев од првих<br />драматизација, до оригиналних драма. У овом поглављу дат је и осврт на Михизове<br />позоришне есеје и критике.<br />У завршном, осмом поглављу, приложена је Михизова целокупна&nbsp;библиографија.</p> / <p>U ovom radu predstavljen je celokupan književni opus Borislava Mihajlovića<br />Mihiza, jednog od najznačajnijih srpskih kritičara druge polovine dvadesetog veka.<br />Mihajlovićevo delo grana se u tri glavna toka (kritika, drama, autobiografsko-<br />memoarska proza) i dva sporedna (poezija i antologičarski rad), što njegov opus čini<br />specifičnim i jedinstvenim u posleratnoj književnosti.<br />U prvom poglavlju dat je njegov razvojni stvaralački put, počev od književne<br />družine &bdquo;Stražilovo&rdquo; u Sremskim Karlovcima, preko Simine 9a i prvih javnih<br />nastupa na Pravnom fakultetu, pa do štampanja knjige stihova Pesme (1947) i Ogleda<br />(1951).<br />Drugo poglavlje posvećeno je Mihizovim novinskim recenzijama objavljenim u<br />NIN-u, Književnim novinama i Politici, tokom pedesetih i šezdesetih godina<br />dvadesetog veka.<br />U trećem poglavlju govori se o njegovom boravku u Novom Sadu, gde je radio kao<br />upravnik Biblioteke Matice srpske i aktivno učestvovao u kulturnom životu grada.<br />Mihizov antologičarski rad predstavljen je u četvrtom poglavlju, a u petom se<br />analiziraju njegovi stavovi o kritici, kao i tekstovi objavljeni u knjigama Od istog<br />čitaoca, Književni razgovori i Portreti.<br />U šestom poglavlju razmatramo Mihajlovićevu autobiografsko-memoarsku<br />prozu i ukazujemo na njegov značaj kao recezenta drugim piscima.<br />Sedmo poglavlje posvećeno je njegovom radu u teatru, počev od prvih<br />dramatizacija, do originalnih drama. U ovom poglavlju dat je i osvrt na Mihizove<br />pozorišne eseje i kritike.<br />U završnom, osmom poglavlju, priložena je Mihizova celokupna&nbsp;bibliografija.</p> / <p>This doctoral thesis is presentation of the whole literary work of Borislav Mihajlović<br />Mihiz, one of the most prominent literary critics from the second half of 20th century.<br />Mihajlović&rsquo;s work is separated in three central segments (criticism, drama, autobiographymemoir<br />prose) and two lateral (poetry and anthology work), which is why it is considered<br />unique in the post-war literature.<br />First chapter covers development of his creative work, starting from literary clique<br />&bdquo;Stražilovo&rdquo; in Sremski Karlovci, via Simina 9a and the first public appearances at the<br />Belgrade&rsquo;s Faculty of Law, to publishing poetry books &bdquo;Pesme&rdquo; (1947) and &bdquo;Ogledi&rdquo; (1951).<br />The second chapter is dedicated to Mihajlović&rsquo;s newspaper reviews published in NIN,<br />&bdquo;Književne novine&rdquo; and &bdquo;Politika&rdquo;, during 1950s and 1960s.<br />Main topic of the third chapter is his life in Novi Sad, where he worked as a head of<br />Library of Matica Srpska and actively participated in the cultural life of the city.<br />Mihiz&rsquo;s anthology work is presented in the fourth chapter, whereas fifth chapter<br />includes analysis of his attitudes toward literary criticism, as well as texts published in his<br />books &bdquo;Od istog čitaoca&rdquo;, &bdquo;Književni razgovori&rdquo; and &bdquo;Portreti&rdquo;.<br />In the focus of sixth chapter is Mihajlović&rsquo;s autobiography-memoir prose and his<br />importance of being critic for other writers.<br />Seventh chapter is about his theatre work, from first dramatisations to original plays.<br />This chapter also contains retrospective view on Mihiz&rsquo;s theatre essays and critics.<br />In the final, eighth chapter, the whole Mihajlovic&rsquo;s bibliography is contributed.</p>

The subject of this thesis consists in following the development of the novelistic chronicle genre, which emerges on the common point of a chronicle and a novel at the end of the 19th century. The ground on which the genre is characterised and the survey of its development conducted is the "new chronicle" U nás by Alois Jirásek, "the chronicle of a Moravian village" Rok na vsi by Mrštík brothers and generation chronicle Rozkvět by František Xaver Svoboda. These three novelistic chronicles are connected by the time of their genesis and have several common features, which are associated mainly with their genre determination (the domination of time and place over the characters and the story, the retardation of the time dynamics, being linked to a place and the accent on the poetic of the concrete). However, their authors drew inspiration from different regions (the northeast of Bohemia, the central Bohemia, the borderland of Moravian Slovakia and Haná) and they depicted distinct social backgrounds. The chronicles differ in the time when their story is played out as well as in the way the sources are adapted. Each of them is a realistic work; however, from the thematic point of view and from the point of view of the taken place, each one represents a different type of realism (the historical realism,...

In its first part, the thesis deals with Guy de Maupassant's life, the importance of short stories in his work, their reception in the French and Czech literary milieu as well as their uniqueness in the context of the literary movements of the 19th century. As a part of the thesis, an overview of the Czech translations of Guy de Maupassant's short stories is included. A separate chapter is devoted to their reception in the Czech literary context. The second empirical part focuses on the comparative critical analysis of the inital texts and their translations. The translations were chosen so that they could represent different generations of Czech translators (1902 - Pavel Projsa, 1960's - Luděk Kárl and Břetislav Štorm, 1990's - Dana Melanová). Here, the thesis deals with the skills of the translators to express the stylistic concisseness of Maupassant as well as the different stylistic levels of the original text (pathos and poetic language on one hand and informality on the other). In the conclusion, a final critical evaluation of the translations is given.