Channel access fairness and efficiency in capacity utilization are the two main objectives for Quality of Service (QoS) specific to Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in computer networks. For bursty and unpredictable traffic in networks, fairness and efficiency involve a mutual tradeoff with the currently popular QoS mechanisms. We propose a QoS MAC framework for carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) networks, that achieves fairness with improved efficiency through extensive state-keeping based on the MAC evolution. This CSMA with Implicit Scheduling through State-keeping (CSMA/ISS) framework involves the tracking of traffic arrival at active nodes, the nodes that need channel access frequently. It also involves implicit channel access grants to different active nodes according to their estimated queue backlogs and the fair scheduling requirements. These methods save channel capacity that may otherwise be required for disseminating the access requirements of various nodes, and their access rights according to fairness rules. A static, hierarchical, and weighted fair access scheme is designed in CSMA/ISS by allowing repeated rounds of access that are weighted fairly according to requirements. Weighted fairness across classes is achieved by invoking channel access for each traffic class in a round as many times as its weight. Within each class, all active nodes are allowed equal access through in-order channel access based on a looped list of active nodes. Although CSMA/ISS is proposed as a distributed control framework for efficiency, it may also be employed in central control protocols. It may also be adapted to different types of CSMA networks, both wireless and wired, by an appropriate choice of the underlying classical access mechanism. The CSMA/ISS framework was modeled and simulated as a QoS capable MAC protocol for a wired fully connected local network environment. We present the CSMA/ISS framework, the example implementation, and the results of performance evaluation of the example implementation. Significant performance improvements were observed, and the memory and processing trade-off was found to be low to moderate.

The literature on knowledge economies does not offer analysis specific to medium-sized cities despite their distinct economic characteristics. More specifically, the role of universities in medium-sized cities is not documented. This study attempts to add to the body of knowledge on both medium-sized cities and knowledge economies by conducting a case study of the current efforts of a medium-sized city in Georgia. The Augusta-Richmond MSA and the Medical College of Georgia are analyzed. It is hypothesized that the university is the major driver to initiating the construction of a technology transfer infrastructure within the city, a necessary component to a knowledge economy. It is found that the Medical College of Georgia and the Georgia Medical Center Authority, a state entity, are the initiators of developing a technology transfer infrastructure while the local government has made less effort in contributing to the process. Findings show that the lack of visibility of both the Medical College of Georgia and the Augusta region, lack of existing industry in the region, lack of financial resources and lack of venture capital and entrepreneurs in the region are the greatest barriers to efforts to transition the region into successful knowledge-based economy.

Characteristics of wireless home and office services and the corresponding networking issues are discussed. Local Area Networking (LAN) and Personal Area Networking (PAN) technologies such as IEEE 802.11 and Ultra Wideband (UWB) are introduced. IEEE 802.11a and UWB systems are susceptible to interference from each other due to their overlapping frequencies. The major contribution of this work is to provide a framework for coexistence of the two systems. The interference between the two systems is evaluated theoretically by developing analytical models, and by simulations. It is shown that the interference from UWB on IEEE 802.11a systems is generally insignificant. IEEE 802.11a interference on UWB systems, however, is very critical and can significantly increase the bit error rate (BER) and degrade the throughput of the UWB system. A novel idea in the MAC layer is presented to mitigate this interference by means of temporal separation. Simulation results validate our technique. Implications to wireless home services such as high definition television (HDTV) are provided. Future research directions are discussed.

The change in global environment had bought about changes in economic structure, small to medium size LCD-display industry is now facing unprecedented challenges. In order to survive from global competition, it is a must for corporate to establish unique competitive advantages and technology innovation, is an integral part. Because quality and resolution of TFT-LCD is superior to STN-LCD, even price had gradually become more competitive, many electronic products have started designing in TFT-LCD displays. As a result, market share of STN-LCD is declining year by year. In recent years, some manufacturers are using technology innovation as the means to improve their own competitiveness. Utilization of the matured technology of STN to further development of other applications and emerging markets is the key task for many display manufacturers. Manufacturers from around the globe are aggressively seeking new development opportunities, hoping to achieve and obtain a more important position in the market. Since the introduction of iPhone, not only capacitive touch panel and multi-touch technology have become the focus for all manufacturers, but also flat touch screen design has also become the theme pursued by all assembly plants. The most attractive feature of iPhone is its beautiful trendy look, its simplicity and smart friendly user interface. The projected capacitive touch panel used on iPhone, not only includes advantages of traditional capacitive touch sensors, but also offer the function of multi-touch, which is an important and representative machine interface development trend. This study uses mainly case study method and we have selected E company, which is one of the top three of the STN-LCD industry, to carry out the research. By summarizing existing literature, analyzing touch panel industry & strategies, and in-depth interview with key personnel from the display and related industry, I hope to conclude E company¡¦s business model in both theoretical and practical dimensions; then use it as the reference for future business development for other small to medium size LCD-display manufacturers. The result shows that, E company¡¦s business model is to continuously strengthen level of integration and expand display applications. With the introduction of capacitive touch panel, E company integrates its own STN-LCD & outsourced TFT-LCD with self designed capacitive touch panel in order to achieve better competitiveness and expand display business into more applications.

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In the study, the thickness of wave moved-sediment layers was measured under regular wave conditions as well as the initial slope of sea bed with grain size of medium diameter 0.237mm and 0.128mm. The initial bottom slope ( tan£\) is 1/45, and nineteen wave conditions were studied. For each case, we analyzed the results after about 28800 waves were made. Sands are similar density and grain size but different colors. After wave action, the clear boundary between the two layers (two different colors) of sands will be mixed into gray color by wave-induced vortex.According to unmoved-layer(white) and gray-layer to get the total wave-moved sediment quantity. Finally, we get the relationship between the wave-moved sediment quantity per wave( q) and two parameters( £`b and £Kb ) which were established by Liao (2005, doctorate draft). The grain size does not affect £`b , and we get the q= 6.486*10^-5*£`b . The relationships between and ¡G 0.110mm gets q=5.103*10^-6£Kb , 0.128mm gets q=1.139*10^-5*£Kb, and 0.237mm gets q=1.933*10^-5*£Kb .

With the proliferation of mobile devices and the advance of audio/video coding technologies, there is an increasing demand to provide quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees for multimedia applications. A WLAN (wireless local are network) typically consists of an access point (AP) and a finite set of mobile stations. Since the AP is generally more powerful and less physical constraint than mobile stations, it is of great interest to consider the use of sectorized multi-beam antennas at the AP to boost the network throughput by exploiting the benefit of spatial reuse. IEEE 802.11 is current the de facto standard for WLANs. However, if we directly apply 802.11 to the WLAN with multi-beam AP without any modification, we will encounter many challenging problems. Although existing solutions modify the 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function) to solve these problems, yet DCF does not provide any QoS support. On the basis of 802.11e HCCA (hybrid channel control access), in this thesis, we propose a novel MAC protocol, named MPCF (multi-beam AP-assisted point coordination function), which is not only backward compatible with DCF, but also supports QoS functionalities, including non-reversal prioritization, time-bounded reservation, admission control, and cross-layer rate adaptation for multimedia streaming. Simulation results show that, in terms of throughput, frame delay dropped rate, and energy throughput, MPCF significantly outperforms existing protocols even in imperfect beam-forming and mobility environments.

One of the major applications driving wireless network services is video streaming, which is based on the ability to simultaneously multicast the same video contents to a group of users, thus reducing the bandwidth consumption. On the other hand, due to slow progress in battery technology, the investigation of power saving technologies becomes important. IEEE 802.16e (also known as Mobile WiMAX) is currently the international MAC (medium access control) standard for wireless metropolitan area networks. However, in 802.16e, the power saving class for multicast traffic is designed only for best-effort-based management operations. On the other hand, SMBC-AMC adopts the concepts of ¡§multicast superframe¡¨ and ¡§logical broadcast channel¡¨ to support push-based multicast applications. However, SMBC-AMC requires that (1) the number of frames in each logical broadcast channel must be equal, (2) all mobile stations must have the same duty cycle, and (3) the base station must use the same modulation to send data in a frame. These imply that SMBC-AMC is too inflexible to reach high multicast energy throughput. In this thesis, we propose cross-layer energy efficient multicast scheduling algorithms, called EEMS-AMC, for scalable video streaming. The goal of EEMS-AMC is to find a multicast data scheduling such that the multicast energy throughput of a WiMAX network is maximum. Specifically, EEMS-AMC has the following attractive features: (1) By means of admission control and the restriction of the multicast superframe length, EEMS-AMC ensures that the base layer data of all admitted video streams can be delivered to mobile stations in timeliness requirements. (2) EEMS-AMC adopts the greedy approach to schedule the base layer data such that the average duty cycle of all admitted stations can approach to the theoretical minimum. (3) EEMS-AMC uses the metric ¡§potential multicast throughput¡¨ to find the proper modulation for each enhancement layer data and uses the metric ¡§multicast energy throughput gain¡¨ to find the near-optimal enhancement layer data scheduling. Simulation results show that EEMS-AMC significantly outperforms SMBC-AMC in terms of average duty cycle, multicast energy throughput, multicast packet loss rate, and normalized total utility.

Taiwanese small and medium enterprises always hold an important role in leading the Taiwanese economic to develop in globalization, creating many job opportunities in the country as the foundation for the social and political stability. But by the trend of worldwide business merging and expanding enterprises scale, small and medium enterprises in Taiwan have to face challenges of upgrading and changing the type of business. To be able to survive and grow, Taiwanese small and medium enterprises must modify their structure, improve technology, conduct automation, even to invest in less developing countries or lower-wage countries such as China and other countries in the region. Since 1988, Vietnam has become a strongly attracting investment destination to Taiwanese small and medium enterprises. Taiwan always leads in the top 3 investors in fields of number of investment projects as well as total investment capital. So the question is why so many Taiwanese enterprises choose Vietnam as an investing destination but not other countries in the Southeast Asian region? Questions such as what advantages and strengths in the Vietnamese investment environment are, what conveniences that they bring to Taiwan businesses, etc ... has become the most attractive themes in Taiwanese corps. This study used case-studied approach, combining direct observation methods to conduct data collection then analyzed to understand the motivation for investment in Vietnamese, investment state and competitive advantages of Taiwanese small and medium enterprises in Vietnam.

Following by the signing of ECFA recently, the industrial environment is changed rapidly forcing many small and medium enterprises to face various kinds of internal and external challenges. They encounter the obstacles to advance their technical and producing system which is their weakness as well. In the earlier year, these enterprises was founded basing on the trusting relationship between the owner and the employees, and the working regulations, salary, and bounces were created according to their cooperating consensus. However, when their original mode of production could not catch up in time along with the growth of capacity, advance of the industry and expansion of market, the relationship has started to change. Hence, they tried to change the original structure by looking for transforming or through the organizational improvement in response to the upcoming crisis and challenges. Among these changes, the establishment and import of systematization has become the major pattern in present. This research is focused on a traditional machinery factory which produces non-standard products internationally hoping to create new experience inspired by the success in the past including introducing the new management mode and new strategy from the stage of contract signing, design to post service making the company on the invincible position. During the process of transforming, many relationship-oriented enterprises including the one discussed in this research are facing several different factors among clients vs. company, agency vs. company, company vs. suppliers, and company vs. employees and what influence will be caused due to the establishment of the new system is the main discussion in this research. Furthermore, whether the customized production is suitable for the new system? What kind of obsolete will the company encounter? Will there be any problem caused? Also, the research will discuss how to locate the most suitable method within all kinds of possible limiting factors through hard facts, dangerous half-truths & total nonsense and convert these knowhow into power to decrease all the impacts brought by the changes.