Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

It is well known that in English law the indemnity insurers stand in a better position than the assureds and this is especially true when a claim is delayed: in that scenario, the insurer is neither liable for the damage caused by the late payment, nor for the compound interest. In Sprung v. Royal Insurance ([1999] 1 Lloyd's Rep IR 111) this unfair situation was justified by the Court of Appeal, naturally, it brought an opportunity for the Law Commission to reconsider the law. Recently, the new Insurance Act 2015 has been enacted and subsequently amended by the Enterprise Act 2016 in regards to the insurer’s obligation to make a timely payment; however, the legal effect of the new legislation is unknown due to the lack of binding precedents. In this work, the duty of the indemnity insurer shall be discussed in full and this work will try to make a contribution to the interpretation of the new legislation regarding to the obligation of the insurer and remedies for the assured.

The thesis diploma is focused on the issue of insurance in maritime transport of goods from international point of view. Marine insurance is very important part of sea transport and belongs among the most important components of its smooth functioning. The objective of the thesis diploma is to introduce and explain the topic of marine insurance in comprehensive manner, using domestic and foreing law, literature and judicial decisions. The thesis diploma is focused on English law which is considered to be the most developed in this field. The reason I chose this topic is my personal interest in both marine insurance and sea transport, since I consider both fields to be very important part of international commerce. The first chapter is dedicated to the definition of relevant terms, subsumption of sea transport into a legal framework of carriage and forwardning relations and division of sea transport. The first chapter provides as well a list of important legal enactments relevant to the topic of the thesis diploma. The second chapter is the core of the work, since it provides closer explanation of the contract of insurance in Czech and English law. In terms of the second chapter the work pays attention to the process of formation of insurance contracts in English law, and to the importance of a...

本論文探討我國保險法中人身保險適用複保險的問題。研究的方法是先釐清複保險的目的與功能，繼而檢討迄今學者與實務見解對複保險適用人身保險的觀點與主要的爭議所在。重點有四：一是複保險規定於保險法總則之中，應否及於人身保險？二是財產保險與人身保險之分類和國外以損失補償原則區分之損失補償保險和非損失補償保險的差別，三是人身保險商品，即，人壽保險、健康保險、傷害保險與年金保險個別適用複保險與否的問題，最後是人身保險中保險金額的問題。針對這四個重點研究的過程是探討包括我國以及美國、英國、法國、德國與日本之保險法的立法例，釐清我國複保險出現在總則的謬誤，進而分析損失補償保險與非損失補償保險的差別。按著再以損失補償保險的三個基礎要件，檢視四種人身保險，以釐清各種商品適用複保險的疑義。最後以結論歸納出人身保險中有定值保險性質的保險應不適用梗保險，而且建議修正法條，以及週邊行政規定，以期在金融服務業務整合的時代中，對導正保險的實質功能做出貢獻。 關鍵字：損失補償原則、複保險、人身保險、損失補償保險、非損失補償保險 / This paper explores the disputes of double insurance effective to personal insurance. The process, at first, is to clarify the purpose and functions of double insurance and, then, to introduce the viewpoints and stances of scholars as well as the judicial cases. In all, there are four points. Firstly, is double insurance, stipulated in the general provisions, effective to the personal insurance? Secondly, in comparison with the categorization of indemnity insurance and contingency insurance in many other countries, is the categorization of property insurance and personal insurance in our insurance law appropriate? Thirdly, how we verify four main personal insurance products in terms of the three factors of indemnity insurance? Finally, what is the reasonable face amount of a personal insurance contract? The approaches of this paper are exploring the history of insurance laws in the different countries and discriminating the differences of indemnity insurance and contingency insurance. Finally, for the purose of dedicating to the improvement of integrated financial services business in Taiwan, this paper not only makes suggestions with respect to legal amendments in Insurance Law, but also proposes five administrative means to support insurers business development in a constructive environment. Key Words: The Principles of Indemnity, Double Insurance, Personal Insurance, Indemnity Insurance, Contingency Insurance

I uppsatsen presenteras en utförlig granskning av W&I-försäkring, mer känd under samlingsnamnet M&A-försäkring, och analys av försäkringens relation till ansvarsbegränsningar i det underliggande förvärvsavtalet. Syftet med försäkringen är att erbjuda ett fördelaktigt försäkringsalternativ till traditionella metoder för att ställa säkerhet för lämnande garantier i ett förvärvsavtal. Försäkringslösningen ger en säljare möjlighet att undvika de ekonomiska inlåsningseffekter som garantiavsättningar ger upphov till, samtidigt som den ger köparen trygghet genom att säljaren kan ge garantier som denne annars inte hade varit villig att ge. Den rådande trenden visar på att användning av M&A-försäkring i företagstransaktioner stadigt ökar, framförallt i företagstransaktioner med betydande värde. M&A-försäkringen är i företagsförsäkringssammanhang relativt ny, vilket innebär att det finns obesvarade frågor som behöver redas ut, framförallt hur ansvarsbegränsningar som lämnas av säljaren i förvärvsavtalet påverkar försäkringsavtalet, om det är säljaren som tecknar försäkringen. För att kunna förstå uppsatsens argumenterande delar är det viktigt att först redogöra för de delar av transaktionen och transaktionsprocessen som försäkringsavtalet bygger på för att sedan utifrån försäkringsvillkor presentera en helhetsbild av försäkringslösningen. Med utgångspunkt i M&A-försäkringens villkorsutformning och strukturering kan försäkringen dissekeras för att ta fram vilka principiella försäkringsrättsliga byggstenar och grundsatser som försäkringen är byggd på. Det leder till slut fram till diskussionen om vad som i försäkringens sammanhang förstås som skada, och relationen till ansvarsbegränsningar i förvärvsavtalet utifrån vad som i försäkringens olika utföranden utgör det försäkrade intresset.

Liability insurance concerns an insured’s insurance of its legal liability towards a third party for the latter’s loss. This specialised type of insurance is rather neglected in South African insurance law. There is a lack of understanding of the intricacies of liability insurance and its unique challenges. This flows primarily from its complex nature as third-party insurance, which involves legal obligations between multiple parties, and a lack of statutory regulation of the distinctive contractual aspects of liability insurance. Furthermore, limited authority exists on contentious legal aspects as a result of the relatively small number of judicial decisions in this field of law. It is also evident that liability insurance constantly evolves as new grounds of liability emerge and new insurance products develop in response to the changing demands of society. The rise of consumerism and the increase in third-party claims amplify the economic significance of the law of liability insurance in South Africa. A substantial knowledge gap remains in our jurisprudence, irrespective of the recent introduction of new statutory instruments aimed at regulating insurance practice in general. These reforms have not as yet been applied critically to liability insurance, and no specialised legislation in South Africa regulates aspects of this branch of insurance as is the case with microinsurance. The focus in this thesis is on two main issues: the insurer’s duty effectively to indemnify the insured, and the insurer’s defence and settlement of third-party claims brought against the insured. As a subsidiary theme, this thesis analyses legal uncertainties that may persist during pre-contractual negotiations, the liability insurance contract lifecycle, and even after the expiry of the contract. Legal challenges can be addressed by novel and creative application of the national law. Potential solutions can be gleaned from the other progressive jurisdictions reviewed – English and Belgian law. It is evident that this research may prompt Parliament to develop specific rules and regulations for liability insurance contract law. This thesis includes a check list of some of the most important disclosure duties for procuring liability insurance cover, its operation, and claims processes. / Mercantile Law / LL.D.

十九世紀英國經濟活動、社會結構及工藝技術發生重大變革，船舶所有人從事海上運送活動所面臨之責任風險，種類繁多且金額甚鉅，非其能獨自承擔而有轉嫁風險之必要，船舶所有人防護及補償保險遂應運而生，迄今已有一百五十餘年之歷史。 船舶所有人防護及補償保險，乃由船舶所有人組成非營利性之防護及補償協會，以相互保險之方式承保船舶所有人之責任風險，其承保範圍廣泛，包括船員及旅客傷病死亡責任、人命救助之費用及報酬、貨物責任、船舶碰撞責任、污染責任、船舶拖帶責任、船骸移除責任、共同海損分攤額、檢疫費用、罰金、損害防阻及法律費用等等。 船舶所有人透過船舶所有人防護及補償保險之安排，轉嫁龐大之責任風險，使海上運送活動得以存續，船舶所有人防護及補償保險之貢獻重大，已成為海上保險不可或缺之一環，其重要性並不亞於船體保險及貨物保險。惟目前我國學界關於船舶所有人防護及補償保險之文獻極為有限，且多數文獻因論著年代較為久遠，部分內容已與現況有所差異。 鑒於船舶所有人防護及補償保險之重要性，本文乃以英國不列顛防護及補償協會之2007年協會規則為主要研究對象，並以相關國際公約、英國法及我國法為研究範圍，自法律層面分析探討船舶所有人防護及補償保險之意義、功能、歷史沿革、法律架構、契約之成立與效力及其承保範圍，建立船舶所有人防護及補償保險之概念與體系論述，以期能達成協助船舶所有人瞭解並維護其關於船舶所有人防護及補償保險之各項權益、引起國內學界對船舶所有人防護及補償保險之重視與研究興趣、俾利國內航運保險相關主管機關對航運業轉嫁責任風險之行政監理及對我國船舶所有人組成防護及補償協會可行性之評估等研究目的。