This study addressed the numerical modelling of flow and diffusion in packed beds of mono-sized spheres. Comprehensive research was conducted in order to implement various numerical approaches in explicit1 and implicit2 simulations of flow through packed beds of uniform spheres. It was noted from literature that the characterization of a packed bed using porosity as the only geometrical parameter is inadequate (Van Antwerpen, 2009) and is still under much deliberation due to the lack of understanding of different flow phenomena through packed beds. Explicit simulations are not only able to give insight into this lack of understanding in fluid mechanics, but can also be used to develop different flow correlations that can be implemented in implicit type simulations. The investigation into the modelling approach using STAR-CCM+®, presented a sound modelling methodology, capable of producing accurate numerical results. A new contact treatment was developed in this study that is able to model all the aspects of the contact geometry without compromising the computational resources. This study also showed, for the first time, that the LES (large eddy simulation) turbulence model was the only model capable of accurately predicting the pressure drop for low Reynolds numbers in the transition regime. The adopted modelling approach was partly validated in an extensive mesh independency test that showed an excellent agreement between the simulation and the KTA (1981) and Eisfeld and Schnitzlein (2001) correlations' predicted pressure drop values, deviating by between 0.54% and 3.45% respectively. This study also showed that explicit simulations are able to accurately model enhanced diffusion due to turbulent mixing, through packed beds. In the tortuosity study it was found that the tortuosity calculations were independent of the Reynolds number, and that the newly developed tortuosity tests were in good agreement with techniques used by Kim en Chen (2006), deviating by between 2.65% and 0.64%. The results from the TMD (thermal mixing degree) tests showed that there appears to be no explicit link between the porosity and mixing abilities of the packed beds tested, but this could be attributed to relatively small bed sizes used and the positioning and size of the warm inlet. A multi-velocity test showed that the TMD criterion is also independent of the Reynolds number. It was concluded that the results from the TMD tests indicated that more elaborate packed beds were needed to derive applicable conclusions from these type of mixing tests. The explicit BETS (braiding effect test section) simulation results confirmed the seemingly irregular temperature trends that were observed in the experimental data, deviating by between 5.44% and 2.29%. From the detail computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results it was possible to attribute these irregularities to the positioning of the thermocouples in high temperature gradient areas. The validation results obtained in the effective thermal conductivity study were in good agreement with the results of Kgame (2011) when the same fitting techniques were used, deviating by 5.1%. The results also showed that this fitting technique is highly sensitive for values of the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (RSQ) parameter and that the exclusion of the symmetry planes improved the RSQ results. It was concluded that the introduction of the new combined coefficient (CC) parameter is more suited for this type of fitting technique than using only the RSQ parameter. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Barbosa Lima.pdf: 5058865 bytes, checksum: 8d2acfbb6adbe83224fb75f2123e85cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / The dissertation present aimed to analyze the National Council of Justice established by Constitutional Amendment nº 45/04, due to the conflicts that preceded its creation, as well as those who came later. At the beginning, it was discussed the historical Justice Councils around the world and the reasons that led its creation in Brazil, reflecting the administration of justice following Weber and Zaffaroni s models. Moreover, it was accentuated the importance of democratization of the Judiciary, giving an emphasis on popular participation. Then came to the conclusion that the organ is endowed with regulatory powers, checking their assignments. It was exposed the perspectives of the National Council of Justice in order to improve the judicial function, essential for the existence of a Democratic State of Law. Finally, was also considered the limits of its performance, culminating in an inability to regulate the activity of the tribunal judges. / A dissertação apresentada visou à análise do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, instituído pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/04, adentrando os embates que antecederam à sua criação, bem como os que surgiram posteriormente. Inicialmente, tratou-se da evolução histórica dos Conselhos de Justiça ao redor do mundo e os motivos que levaram à necessidade de criação no Brasil, passando-se pelos modelos de administração da justiça de Weber e Zaffaroni. Outrossim, anotou-se a relevância da democratização do Judiciário, com ênfase na participação popular. Em seguida, chegou-se à conclusão de que o órgão é dotado de poder normativo, verificando suas atribuições. Tratou-se das perspectivas do Conselho Nacional de Justiça com o intuito de aprimorar a função judicial, essencial para a existência do Estado Democrático de Direito. Finalmente, também, dos limites da atuação, culminando na impossibilidade de regulamentar a atividade jurisdicional dos juízes.

The aim of the study was to investigate how well the geometry achievement is explained by field dependency/ independency cognitive styles, spatial orientation, spatial visualization and attitude toward geometry. The sample of the study was composed of 378 ninth grade students (183 male and 195 female) from five different lycees in EskiSehir. The types of schools participating in the study were General High School, Anatolian High School, Commercial Vocational High, and Anatolian Fine Art High School. The data were collected by using four instruments, which were Group Embedded Figure Test ( GEFT ) , Spatial Ability Tests, Geometry Achievement Test (GAT) and Geometry Attitude Scale (GAS). GEFT developed by Witkin, Oltman, Raskin and Karp ( 1971 ) was used to determine students&rsquo / cognitive styles. Another test, The Spatial Ability Test developed by Ekstrom and colleagues (1976) was composed of four sub-tests. Two of them were aimed to measure spatial orientation, which were Cube Comparison and Card Rotation test. The others were developed to measure spatial visualization, which were Paper Folding and Surface Development tests. The Turkish version of the tests translated by Delialioglu (1996) used in the study. In order to measure geometry achievement, GAT was developed by researcher. GAS developed by Bulut, iSeri, Ekici and Helvaci (2002) was used to measure the dimension of like/dislike geometry, usefulness of geometry and anxiety about geometry. The data conducted from the research sample through the tests and scale was analyzed by using regression analysis. The multiple regression analysis indicated that students&rsquo / cognitive styles were the most significant variable in explaining their geometry achievements. The other predictive variables also made statistically significant contribution in explaining the variance in geometry achievement. Four predictive variables of the study were entered the regression model, and explained the % 47 of the variance in geometry achievement. The findings of the study suggested that students&rsquo / field dependency/ independency cognitive style had high importance in learning geometry / and it should have taken into the consideration in teaching geometry.

This study addressed the numerical modelling of flow and diffusion in packed beds of mono-sized spheres. Comprehensive research was conducted in order to implement various numerical approaches in explicit1 and implicit2 simulations of flow through packed beds of uniform spheres. It was noted from literature that the characterization of a packed bed using porosity as the only geometrical parameter is inadequate (Van Antwerpen, 2009) and is still under much deliberation due to the lack of understanding of different flow phenomena through packed beds. Explicit simulations are not only able to give insight into this lack of understanding in fluid mechanics, but can also be used to develop different flow correlations that can be implemented in implicit type simulations. The investigation into the modelling approach using STAR-CCM+®, presented a sound modelling methodology, capable of producing accurate numerical results. A new contact treatment was developed in this study that is able to model all the aspects of the contact geometry without compromising the computational resources. This study also showed, for the first time, that the LES (large eddy simulation) turbulence model was the only model capable of accurately predicting the pressure drop for low Reynolds numbers in the transition regime. The adopted modelling approach was partly validated in an extensive mesh independency test that showed an excellent agreement between the simulation and the KTA (1981) and Eisfeld and Schnitzlein (2001) correlations' predicted pressure drop values, deviating by between 0.54% and 3.45% respectively. This study also showed that explicit simulations are able to accurately model enhanced diffusion due to turbulent mixing, through packed beds. In the tortuosity study it was found that the tortuosity calculations were independent of the Reynolds number, and that the newly developed tortuosity tests were in good agreement with techniques used by Kim en Chen (2006), deviating by between 2.65% and 0.64%. The results from the TMD (thermal mixing degree) tests showed that there appears to be no explicit link between the porosity and mixing abilities of the packed beds tested, but this could be attributed to relatively small bed sizes used and the positioning and size of the warm inlet. A multi-velocity test showed that the TMD criterion is also independent of the Reynolds number. It was concluded that the results from the TMD tests indicated that more elaborate packed beds were needed to derive applicable conclusions from these type of mixing tests. The explicit BETS (braiding effect test section) simulation results confirmed the seemingly irregular temperature trends that were observed in the experimental data, deviating by between 5.44% and 2.29%. From the detail computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results it was possible to attribute these irregularities to the positioning of the thermocouples in high temperature gradient areas. The validation results obtained in the effective thermal conductivity study were in good agreement with the results of Kgame (2011) when the same fitting techniques were used, deviating by 5.1%. The results also showed that this fitting technique is highly sensitive for values of the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (RSQ) parameter and that the exclusion of the symmetry planes improved the RSQ results. It was concluded that the introduction of the new combined coefficient (CC) parameter is more suited for this type of fitting technique than using only the RSQ parameter. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 74203.pdf: 811080 bytes, checksum: 0d6d541835637f32e76fbe3a111e4fcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to identify the organizational characteristics of entrepreneurial companies that deals with a transition process from the decision power centered in personal characteristics, to the decision power centered in the organizational model. It is intended to classify the specific moment from the development cycle of the company, and then to identify its main strategic practices. The methodology used was that of multiple case study, analyzing two companies from the State of Santa Catarina, in Brazil, which are engaged in the Endeavour Entrepreneur Program, and were identified as innovative organizations, with a considerable expertise in execution and leadership and have a great potential to be taken as examples for the society. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, documental analysis, working papers, notices in the midia, and institutional reports. The research is justified by the high mortality rates of small and medium size companies in Brazil, which implies in a very important social cost. It is necessary to build examples applied to the brazilian companies reality that enable new entrepreneurs to improve the conditions of organizational development. From the data relieved, it was possible to evaluate the researched organizations, from the point of view of their strategic aspects, and compared with the theoretical references taken in account. The research also allows to observe the context and the environment associated to the organizations, as well as to reach to an understanding of the main current process. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as características organizacionais de empresas de caráter empreendedor que enfrentam um processo de transição entre o foco de poder na personalidade e o foco de poder na organização. Pretende-se posicionar a organização em determinado nível em seu ciclo de desenvolvimento e identificar suas principais práticas estratégicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de múltiplos estudos-de-caso, analisando as duas empresas catarinenses participantes do programa Empreender Endeavour, por serem identificadas como organizações inovadoras, com grande capacidade de execução e liderança e possuírem potencial para tornarem-se exemplos para a sociedade. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas em profundidade, análise de documentos organizacionais, artigos e notícias veiculadas pela mídia, relatórios e materiais institucionais. A pesquisa justifica-se pelas altas taxas de mortalidade das pequenas empresas no Brasil e pelo custo social advindo do encerramento dessas atividades econômicas. Fazem-se necessários construir exemplos aplicados ao contexto das empresas brasileiras, que, de alguma maneira, capacitem e incentivem novos empreendedores a fortalecer as condições, para que as organizações possam se desenvolver. A partir dos dados levantados, foi possível estabelecer uma avaliação das organizações estudadas em relação a aspectos estratégicos e organizacionais e compará-los com os referenciais teóricos abordados na revisão da literatura. A pesquisa permitiu observar os contextos e ambientes associados com as organizações e atingir um entendimento a respeito dos principais processos correntes.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este presente estudo examina a mudanÃa paradigmÃtica da filosofia de Wittgenstein. Tal mudanÃa ocorre quando o filÃsofo percebe que sua concepÃÃo atomista contÃm erros irrecusÃveis. O ponto de dissoluÃÃo dessa concepÃÃo foi a mudanÃa quanto à concepÃÃo de proposiÃÃo elementar/estado de coisas, a saber, quando Wittgenstein percebe que nÃo à mais possÃvel concebÃ-los atomicamente. O artigo Algumas ObservaÃÃes sobre a Forma LÃgica apresenta esse momento de ruptura, levando o filÃsofo a repensar sua concepÃÃo filosÃfica. Em um primeiro momento o filÃsofo vienense apoia-se em uma concepÃÃo de linguagem fenomenolÃgica, chegando a negÃ-la pouco tempo depois. Por fim, o estudo aponta para uma ruptura com essa concepÃÃo fenomenolÃgica, quando Wittgenstein entÃo parecerà defender uma concepÃÃo de linguagem como a da fÃsica, i. e., hipotÃtica. / The present study examines the paradigmatic change of Wittgensteinâs philosophy. Such a change takes place when the philosopher realizes that his atomistic approach has unsolving problems. The dissolution point of that conception concerns the change regarding the notion of elementary proposition/state of things, that is to say, when Wittgenstein realizes that it is no more reasonable conceiving them as logical atoms. His paper Some remarks on logical forms presents this breaking point and leads him to reevaluate his philosophical conception. Firstly, he is based on a phenomenological conception of language, but afterwords he negates it. Then, this study focuses on that break regarding his phenomenological conception, when Wittgenstein comes to defend a hypothetical conception of language, such as the Physics.

This essay deals with the support and help offered to elderly people over 65 with mental disabilities out of personnel from a special support team. We have chosen to use the qualitative method to answer our questions. We have four semi-structured interviews with all staff from the support team we have been in contact with, three nurses/nursing assistants and project manager for the support team. We have recognized five themes and divided the text into six different categories and disciplines that answers and highlights the importance of meeting clients' needs, increase their independence and quality of life. Our theme is security, continuity, time, treatment and relations. Our topics are quality of life and health, personalized and holistic, empowerment, motivation and participation, activity and disengagement and stigma.The conclusion of our essay is that there is a need for a special team to meet the needs of older people with mental disabilities. The support team has more time and can give clients the support they need. The time gives staff the opportunity to increase clients' quality of life by listening and understanding. The staff provides security with their presence and attitude while becoming a social contact for the client. The staff has the knowledge required to provide good treatment. The staff of the support team works with high professionalism and flexibility. The support team is working from the client's needs when the operation should be given and how it should be. The support team works with the continuity that provides a better and deeper relationship with the client.We have found that staff in the support team is working to get their clients to feel that they are able to do things themselves and build up their confidence and self esteem. This is the support team doing by lifting up what clients can and try to motivate clients to do things. By the support teams encouragement and support clients can find faith in themselves to handle things and become independent. Support team works with their clients so that they feel the meaningfulness of everyday life. By the motivation from the support team clients has managed to become more involved in their daily work.The support team provides personalized care to their clients. We have found it impossible to generalize and think that all older people with mental disabilities can be satisfied by for example activity and interaction with other people. For many of these clients their need may change. Passivity and aloofness can be an experience of tranquility and well-being and to decrease stress. Another aspect we have found, the reason why clients withdraw and isolate themselves at home is that clients put “stamp” on themselves as mentally ill. This negative self-image can be influenced by impressions from the surroundings. By that clients are treated with respect and sensitivity of personnel, client's view of themselves can change. The support team works to ensure opportunities in their clients' daily lives and not obstacles.

Bakgrund: Cancer drabbar många människor och en vanlig behandlingsmetod är cytostatika. Cytostatika kan administreras intravenöst via en venport och med hjälp av en elastomerisk infusionspump. Idag sker oftast avvecklingen av infusionspump och venportsnål på olika mottagningar. Dock kan många sjukvårdsåtgärder utföras i hemmet av patienterna själva, så kallad egenvård. Motiv: För patienter med cancersjukdom som undergår cytostatikabehandling kan tillvaron till stora delar bestå av provtagningar, cytostatikabehandlingar, läkarmöten, och olika undersökningar. Genom att patienterna självständigt avvecklar infusionspump och venportsnål kan eventuellt deras delaktighet och kontroll öka och en känsla av förbättrad livskvalité möjligen uppnås. Syfte: Denna studie undersökte patienters förmåga att självständigt avveckla infusionspump och venportsnål efter avslutad cytostatikainfusion. Delsyften var att undersöka om det var någon skillnad beroende på vilken typ av miljö avvecklingen utfördes i, samt att belysa patienternas upplevelse av att självständigt utföra momenten. Metod: En observationsstudie med mixad metod genomfördes. Fem patienter genomförde självständig avveckling i två miljöer: på hälsocentral/sjukhus samt i det egna hemmet. Kvantitativ data från observationsprotokoll analyserades genom deskriptiv statistik. Kvalitativ data, deltagarnas kommentarer, analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatet av den kvantitativa delen visade att det fanns förmåga hos patienterna som deltog i studien att självständigt avveckla infusionspump och venportsnål i hemmet. Vid jämförelse mellan resultaten i de olika miljöerna ses skillnader. Den kvalitativa delen resulterade i 3 olika teman: Förväntansfull tro på sin förmåga, Känsla av något spännande och Känsla av frihet och kontroll. Konklusion: Deltagarna hade förmåga att självständigt avveckla infusionspump och venportsnål i hemmet. De hade även viljan att utföra proceduren och såg flera fördelar med att självständigt utföra avvecklingen i hemmet. / Background: A common treatment method for cancer is chemotherapy administrated intravenously through subcutaneous venous port and elastomeric infusion pump. Today, disconnection of infusion pump and needle is usually done by nurses, however many healthcare tasks can be performed at home by patients themselves, so-called self-care. Motive: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy spend a lot of time on receiving treatments and treatment-related activities. By independently disconnecting infusion pump and needle, patients’ participation and quality of life may increase. Other possible benefits are reduced travel costs for patients’ and improved efficiency for healthcare organisations along with the fact that patients would receive their entire chemotherapy treatment. Aim: This study investigated patients’ ability to independently disconnect infusion pump and venous port needle after completing chemotherapy treatment. Sub-aims were to investigate whether there were differences depending on type of environment in which the disconnection took place, as well as to shed light on patients’ experiences of performing the procedure independently. Methods: A mixed method observational study was conducted. Five patients’ performed independent disconnection in two environments: at health center/hospital and in their own homes. Quantitative observation protocols data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data, the participants’ comments, were analyzed through thematic analysis. Result: The quantitative part showed that participants’ had the ability to independently disconnect the infusion pump and venous port needle. When comparing between the two environments, participants’ performed better in their own homes. The qualitative part revealed three themes: Anticipation and belief in one's ability, Feelings of something exciting and Feelings of freedom and control. Conclusion: Participants’ were able to independently disconnect infusion pump and needle at home. They also had the desire to perform the procedure and saw several advantages in independently performing the procedure at home.