This thesis is a study of constructions of home and nation in selected works by Patrick White, Peter Carey, Xavier Herbert and James Bardon. Drawing on the work of postcolonial theorists, it examines ways in which the selected texts engage with national mythologies in the imagining of the Australian nation. It notes the deployment of racial discourses informing constructions of national identity that work to marginalise Indigenous Australians and other cultural minority groups. The texts are arranged in thematic rather than chronological order. White’s treatment of the overland journey, and his representations of Aboriginality, discussed in Chapter One, are contrasted with Carey’s revisiting of the overland journey motif in Oscar and Lucinda in Chapter Two. Whereas White’s representations of Indigenous culture in Voss are static and essentialised, as is the case in Riders in the Chariot and A Fringe of Leaves, Carey’s representation of Australia’s contact history is characterised by a cultural hybridity. In White’s texts, Indigenous culture is depicted as an anachronism in the contemporary Australian nation, while in Carey’s, the words of the coloniser are appropriated and employed to subvert the ideological colonial paradigm. Carey’s use of heteroglossia is examined further in the analysis of Illywhacker in Chapter Three. Whereas Carey treats Australian types ironically in Illywhacker’s pet emporium, the protagonist of Xavier Herbert’s Poor Fellow My Country, Jeremy Delacy, is depicted as an expert on Australian types. The intertextuality between Herbert’s novel and the work of social Darwinist anthropologists in the 1930s and 1940s is discussed in Chapter Four, providing a historical context to appreciate a shift from modernist to postmodernist narrative strategies in Carey’s fiction. James Bardon’s fictional treatment of the Papunya Tula painting movement in Revolution by Night is seen to continue to frame Indigenous culture in a modernist grammar of representation through its portrayal of the work of Papunya Tula artists in the terms of ‘the fourth dimension’. Bardon’s novel is nevertheless a fascinating postcolonial engagement with Sturt’s architectural construction of landscape in his maps and journals, a discussion of which leads to Tony Birch’s analysis of the politics of name reclamation in contemporary tourism discourses.

本論文旨在分析阿美族鄉土文化教材之內容，並探討這套教材在邦查國小實施的情形。前者以內容分析法，輔以論域分析法進行研究；後者則以參與式觀察法和訪談法進行研究。本研究之研究結果如下： 壹　在理念部分，研究發現本教材實施的最大困難在於邦查國小師生皆無法完全肯定原住民鄉土文化教材的價值。他們無法肯定本教材實施的主因在於幾個看似衝突概念之間的矛盾與混淆，分別是「國際化」對「本土化」、「同化」對「多元化」、「認同」對「生存」等。除非能夠釐清這幾個概念，否則原住民鄉土文化教材仍很難在國小教育中落實。 貳　在阿美族鄉土文化教材之內容部分，研究發現本套教材之照片多於圖片，較能說服學生相信文字所敘述的是「現在真實存在」的文化，而更有真實感。本教材之文字描述最著重精神文化，其次為社群文化，最少的則為物質文化。而圖片呈現最多的是精神文化，其次為物質文化，最少的是社群文化。研究並發現此套教材隱含有父權意識型態，並有避免呈現負面、衝突和困境，標題和內容不符，以及母語標注系統不一致等疏誤。 參　在阿美族鄉土文化教材之實施部分，大環境所看到的是不斷變動之課程改革政策與虛化之鄉土教材教科書；蘊涵豐富阿美族文化的邦查村，卻因族人參與意願、信仰因素、及青壯年之族人遠離部落到他鄉工作等主客觀因素，使得學童接觸本族文化機會少。在邦查國小鄉土活動課程之實施部分：八十七學年度上學期邦查國小實際上課的節數只有十四次。上課主題部分只有四次是關於阿美族族群文化的，另外十次則是邦查村之鄉土教材。在實際教學部分：發現教師對教材陌生、感到生疏、不自在、不知道如何教。教學重陳述，少有比較、評論或價值澄清。教學法強調記憶與背誦，互動偏向教師對全體學生的封閉性問題之問答。經過一個學期的教學，學生對於自己本族的看法不是太樂觀積極。 肆　整體而言，阿美族鄉土文化教材之實施至少有以下幾個問題：1.本鄉鄉土教材課程優先於原住民鄉土族群文化課程，原住民學童在學校仍無法學到自己的族群文化；2.教師在教導鄉土教學時，相關之教學專業知能不足，影響教學效果；3.想讓一個民族明白自己文化的根，使他們有自信，但卻只提供單一課程，則其功用有限。 最後，本研究並針對上述研究發現提出討論與建議。 / The study aims to analyze the contents of Ami indigenous culture teaching materials and to explore the process of employing these teaching materials in Pangcah elementary school. Content analysis and discourse analysis were conducted. Participatory observation and interview were also employed. Findings include: 1. The most difficult thing for implementing Ami teaching materials is that the staff and students were unconvinced of their values. The Ami indigenous culture teaching materials cannot be successfully implemented unless people can clarify the concepts of “internationalization vs. localization”, ”assimilation vs. diversification”, and “identification vs. survival”. 2. In the contents of Ami indigenous culture teaching materials, there are more photos than drawings, making the depicted real things of the past even more convincing. Most of the text describes the spiritual culture, less of the text describes the social system culture, and least of the text describes the substance culture. However, most pictures show the spiritual culture, less pictures show the substance culture, and least pictures show the social system culture. There was fatherhood ideology hidden in these teaching materials. Additional mistakes include the avoidance of negation, conflicts and dilemma, the incompatibility between title and content, and the inconsistent phonetic symbol systems of labeling Ami indigenous language. 3. The implementation of the Ami indigenous culture teaching materials was conditioned by the unceasingly changing curriculum policies, inefficient use of textbooks, and the ignorance of abundant Ami culture existing in the Pangcah village. In the instructional process, time is very limited, and the teacher did not perform very well. When he taught, he spoke alone and hardly has any comparisons, comments or clarifications. The teacher emphasized on reciting and rote-memory, with little teacher-student interaction. In the end of the semester, students did not develop positive attitude toward their own culture. Overall speaking, the implementation of Ami cultural teaching materials encounter at least the following problems: 1) the local mainstream curriculum takes precedence over the Ami cultural curriculum, thus precludes the absorption of their own culture by the Ami school children. 2) The effect of special instruction is usually offset by teachers' lack of the specialized pedagogical knowledge. 3) It is virtually impossible to restore self-confidence of the indigenous race through the implementation of one single subject's curriculum. Doing so would undoubtedly produce limited effect.

“Although the subject of female leadership is very well documented at an international level, Pakistan still lacks enough research in this area. This scarcity of research gives rise to a commonly held belief that gender equality has been achieved in Pakistan which hides the gender stereotypes and discrimination practices still prevailing in the country.” “Digging into the experiences of thirty working women, this study examined the effect indigenous culture of Pakistan has in shaping their life experiences as well as career success. The study followed a qualitative research approach with phenomenological theoretical framework. Fifteen females were interviewed from urban areas and fifteen from rural areas to draw a holistic picture of indigenous culture of Pakistan and its effect on career success of females.” “Female participants of this study were interviewed on skype and the data gathered through these interviews was analysed using grounded theory approach. Interviews were taken in Urdu and transcriptions were prepared in English to conduct analysis for this study. Seven categories were initially developed through open coding, followed by three clusters through axial coding an lastly the study created a theoretical framework through selective coding. Findings of the study indicate that indigenous culture strongly effects the career success of working women in Pakistan. Based on thematic analysis, the study concludes that indigenous culture of Pakistan puts taboos on females in the form of family bevahior, expectations and the structurally enforced inferior status of females which effects their leadership skills negatively and restricts their career growth.” “Indigenous culture of Pakistan creates mobility issues for women which restricts the possibility to join better jobs at other places instead of their home town and it also effects expansion of entrepreneurial ventures by restricting females to their home towns. Apart from social mobility, culture restricts the decision making power of females which effects their self-recognition and vision development and other skills necessary to become a better leader. Females also face difficulty managing work and family life because of the uneven domestic work burden on females and the concept that woman is the caretaker of house no matter how tough her job gets. Single females don’t face the problem of managing house work and family life however they face issues such as social immobility, preference of male colleagues over them because of their perceived short work life, lack of decision making power and lack of self-confidence.” “The participants were of the view that despite of all the challenges brought by culture, they are still struggling for their career and fighting against the taboos put by culture.” “Respondents of this study agreed that their family support is most important factor for them to stand against the cultural taboos and pursue their dreams. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a strong need to change the mind-set prevailing in these societies that female is a creature who has to be agreeable and caretaker of family and who is responsible for saving relationships. Although efforts have been done to give women equal rights in Pakistan, these efforts will become more meaningful if general perception of society about women and their role starts to change which will require awareness programmes and cooperation from academic institutions and policy makers.” Page 4 of 97 Impact of Indigenous culture on Female Leadership in Pakistan “This study recommends a future research on the perception of males about female colleagues working with them in order to examine if males of countries like Pakistan are ready to accept female leaders. As this study was conducted on females only, for future it is recommended to examine the mind set of males of the society to draw a comparison between situation of females and impact of males mind set on this situation.”

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-05T14:22:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4487533 bytes, checksum: 7b5eff1f89b57e8b6c7f225020c29ec4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T14:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4487533 bytes, checksum: 7b5eff1f89b57e8b6c7f225020c29ec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research focuses on curriculum and indigenous education, with reference to Law No. 11,645 / 08, which regulates the inclusion, on a mandatory basis, the official curriculum, history and african-Brazilian and indigenous culture. The previous law, Law No. 10.639 / 2003, expresses undeniably a milestone in discussions on cultural diversity in Brazil and the need for its recognition in the school curriculum. It is understood that the inclusion of history and African culture, object of Law No. 10.639 / 2003, articulates a guided society project in recognition and appreciation of the socio-cultural diversity inherent in the formation of the Brazilian people. Thus it deserves to be widely discussed in different socio-educational spaces, particularly at school. It is emphasized that this law, in 2008, undergoes changes in its text, with the publication of Law No. 11,645, which also includes the obligation of indigenous socio-cultural studies in the curriculum of basic education in Brazilian schools. It is noteworthy that, this research focuses on the inclusion of history and indigenous culture in the official curriculum, with the empirical field an indigenous school in the city marking / Paraíba / Brazil. It examines also official documents, such as curriculum guidelines (national, state and municipal), the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education, LDB No. 9.394 / 96, the current National Education Plan, approved in July 2014 and national and international documents that deal with the human rights of indigenous peoples, here new according to their ethnic groups, in contrast to the Eurocentric nomenclature. The empirical study was conducted in a village that has an indigenous municipal school located in Dial municipality in the state of Paraiba, distant 66 km of the capital Joao Pessoa, North Coast direction. With investments in ethnographic daily, on-site observations were made. In the course of this investigation, the experiences were mapped facing this inclusion, the regulation of the law in question object as well as the difficulties and advances presented in the curriculum in relation to indigenous education, with investments in the theoretical perspective of Boaventura de Sousa Santos , focused on analytical categories: knowledge of ecology, sociology of absences and emergencies and the translation work. The proposal is to understand the local dynamics of the indigenous school, focusing on curriculum, realizing the Law No. 11,645 / 08 can be contemplated in practice, engendering possible ways for better implementation in the curriculum of the field of cultural studies and history of indigenous peoples in Brazil. / A presente pesquisa focaliza o currículo e a educação indígena, tendo como referência a Lei nº 11.645/08, que regulamenta a inserção, de forma obrigatória, no currículo oficial, da História e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena. A lei anterior, Lei nº 10.639/2003, expressa, inegavelmente, um marco nas discussões sobre a diversidade cultural no Brasil e a necessidade de seu reconhecimento no currículo escolar. Compreende-se que a inclusão da História e cultura africana, objeto da Lei nº 10.639/2003, articula-se a um projeto de sociedade pautado no reconhecimento e valorização da diversidade sociocultural inerente à formação do povo brasileiro. Assim, merece ser amplamente discutida nos diferentes espaços sócio-educativos, com destaque à escola. Ressalta-se que a referida Lei, em 2008, sofre modificações em seu texto, com a publicação da Lei nº 11.645, a qual inclui, também, a obrigatoriedade dos estudos sócio-culturais indígenas nos currículos do ensino básico das escolas brasileiras. Destaca-se que, nesta investigação, focaliza-se a inclusão da História e cultura indígena no currículo oficial, tendo como campo empírico uma escola indígena no município de Marcação/Paraíba/Brasil. Examina-se, também, documentos oficiais, como os parâmetros curriculares (nacional, estadual e municipal), a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, LDB nº 9.394/96, o atual Plano Nacional de Educação, aprovado em julho de 2014, e documentos nacionais e internacionais que versam sobre os direitos humanos dos povos indígenas, aqui reconceptualizados segundo as suas etnias, contrapondo-se à nomenclatura eurocêntrica. O estudo empírico foi realizado em uma aldeia que possui uma escola municipal indígena, localizada no município de Marcação no Estado da Paraíba, distante 66 quilômetros da capital João Pessoa, sentido Litoral Norte. Com aporte em diário etnográfico, foram realizadas observações in loco. No percurso desta investigação, foram mapeadas as experiências voltadas para essa inclusão, objeto da regulação da lei em análise, bem como as dificuldades e os avanços apresentados na estrutura curricular, em relação à educação indígena, com aporte na perspectiva teórica de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, focalizada nas categorias analíticas: ecologia de saberes, sociologia das ausências e das emergências e o trabalho de tradução. A proposta é compreender a dinâmica local da escola indígena, com foco no currículo, percebendo se a Lei nº 11.645/08 consegue ser contemplada na prática, engendrando possíveis caminhos para uma melhor implementação, no campo do currículo, dos estudos da cultura e história dos povos indígenas no Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:55:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jhones Rodrigues.pdf: 4722365 bytes, checksum: ac99791aee7d58ffd2158c97bc6f9123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study had the following general objective: to analyze how the Corporal Culture shows itself in physical education classes of the indigenous school of elementary school and in everyday community, community - Camanaus Duraka Island/ São Gabriel da Cachoeira/ Amazon. The specific objectives were to analyze the Body Culture in Physical Education classes and to describe how cultural influences manifest occur in the (re) creation of community sports in Island Duraka - Camanaus . Aspects were analyzed daily to do with the body in the way of everyday life of Indigenous Peoples: hunting, fishing, planting and harvesting, the dancing, the making of flour, crafts, body paintings, myths and stories daily, the games, educational activities, weaving a relationship with the Body Culture practiced in regular classes Municipal School Indigenous Marechal Dutra, especially in physical education classes. The theoretical approach was used Geertz (1989) and Malinowski (1975), Laraia (2011) and Weigel (2000), the approaches to culture; Mauss (2003), Daolio (2005) , Soares (2010), Grando (2005, 2010) , Vinha (1999, 2005) Rocha Ferreira (1999, 2005) and Fassheber (2006 ), issues related to Body Culture in diverse contexts. It is a research field that can also be characterized as non- interventional observational , with a qualitative descriptive approach. For data collection we used the field notebook and semi-structured interviews, attended twenty five indigenous people of the community, these being: Indian teachers, Indian parents and Indian leaders. It was important to (re) discover, by the indigenous community, the forms of pedagogical applicability of cultural meanings of body activities - games, plays, dances, parties, short of bodily practices as a way to enhance and encourage the preservation of millennial wisdom of Culture body of Indigenous Peoples . / Este trabalho teve o seguinte objetivo geral: analisar como a Cultura Corporal se mostra nas aulas de Educação Física da escola indígena de Ensino Fundamental e no cotidiano comunitário, na comunidade Ilha de Duraka-Camanaus / São Gabriel da Cachoeira/Amazonas. Os objetivos específicos foram: analisar a Cultura Corporal nas aulas de Educação Física; descrever como ocorrem influências culturais manifestas na (re) criação de modalidades esportivas na comunidade Ilha de Duraka-Camanaus. Foram analisados aspectos ligados ao fazer diário com o corpo no modo de vida cotidiano dos Povos Indígenas: a caça, a pesca, a plantação e a colheita, as danças, a confecção de farinha, de artesanato, as pinturas corporais, os mitos e histórias cotidianas, as brincadeiras, as atividades pedagógicas, tecendo uma relação com a Cultura Corporal praticada nas aulas regulares da Escola Municipal Indígena Marechal Dutra, especialmente nas aulas de Educação Física. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizados Geertz (1989) e Malinowski (1975), Laraia (2011) e Weigel (2000), nas abordagens sobre a cultura; Mauss (2003), Daolio (2005), Soares (2010), Grando (2005, 2010), Vinha (1999, 2005) Rocha Ferreira (1999, 2005) e Fassheber (2006), nas questões referentes à Cultura Corporal em diversos contextos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo que pode ser caracterizada também como observacional não intervencionista, com uma abordagem qualitativa descritiva. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o caderno de campo e a entrevista semi-estruturada, das quais participaram vinte e cinco pessoas indígenas da comunidade, sendo estas: professores indígenas, pais indígenas e lideranças indígenas. Foi importante (re) descobrir, junto à comunidade indígena, as formas de aplicabilidade pedagógica de significados culturais de atividades corporais jogos, brincadeiras, danças, festas, enfim das práticas corporais, como forma de valorizar e incentivar a preservação de saberes milenares da Cultura Corporal dos Povos Indígenas.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-02T15:44:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa Miranda.pdf: 7844243 bytes, checksum: 6ead35ff59815b11a7d24350b7c2fe17 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-10-09T13:51:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa Miranda.pdf: 7844243 bytes, checksum: 6ead35ff59815b11a7d24350b7c2fe17 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-10-09T14:07:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa Miranda.pdf: 7844243 bytes, checksum: 6ead35ff59815b11a7d24350b7c2fe17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T14:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa Miranda.pdf: 7844243 bytes, checksum: 6ead35ff59815b11a7d24350b7c2fe17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This research sought to revalue the experiences of social participation of indigenous women, from 1995 to 2014, around the creation of Sateré-Mawé Indigenous Women's Association, as a proper space of resistance and organization for the conquest of their rights to culture, health and work in the city of Manaus. From written documents, photographic records, among others, studied the file of that Association, are highlighted in this study work processes and social mobilization towards health movements with own meanings engendered in the urban fabric by the transforming action of indigenous of Sateré-Mawé Indigenous Women's. Thus, ways of life advocated by the Association, such as handicrafts and fields of joint efforts against hunger, appear in this study as a joint field and social participation experiences of indigenous women in the city of Manaus / A presente pesquisa buscou revalorizar as experiências de participação social de mulheres indígenas, no período de 1995 a 2014, em torno da criação da AMISM, Associação de Mulheres Indígenas Sateré-Mawé, como espaço próprio de resistência e organização pela conquista de seus direitos à cultura, à saúde e ao trabalho na cidade de Manaus. A partir de documentos escritos, registros fotográficos, dentre outros, pesquisados no arquivo daquela Associação, são evidenciados neste estudo processos de trabalho e mobilização social em direção a movimentos de saúde com significados próprios engendrados no tecido urbano pela ação transformadora das indígenas da AMISM. Dessa forma, modos de vida defendidos pela Associação, como o artesanato e os mutirões de roça contra a fome, aparecem neste estudo como campo de articulação e de experiências de participação social de mulheres indígenas na cidade de Manaus.

This work deals with the issues of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the modern Mexican society, explores its characteristics and essence and searches for possibilities of its maintenance. The central question is, which way indigenous groups can develop their culture freely in the modern Mexican society, and so keep their own peculiarity and identity. The main instrument is a case study of Nahua communities occupying the territory of the Northeastern mountain range of the Mexican state of Puebla, which is in the sphere of influence of the organization called Unión de Cooperativas Tosepan Titataniske, seeking to improve the standard of living and strengthen the cultural identity of the villagers in the region. An ethno-historical study of the Nahua communities living in the particular region, completed with an analysis of the contemporary inhabitants' cultural identity based on a field research, shows that indigenous cultures can keep their identity in spite of significant external interference into their traditional way of life in the course of centuries and that the continuity of their identity is not dependent on maintaining concrete, time conditioned cultural manifestations. On the contrary, important factors for keeping cultural identity are the functional continuity of a given group and...

No description available.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-20T14:16:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mávis Dill Kaipper_.pdf: 12720057 bytes, checksum: 9af1ef1951be569ca95ef2298812a387 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-20T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mávis Dill Kaipper_.pdf: 12720057 bytes, checksum: 9af1ef1951be569ca95ef2298812a387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-05 / Nenhuma / La présente recherche a comme objectif présenter l’Araguaksã - fête annuelle de la reconnaissance du territoire indigène Pataxó - et d’analyser les manifestations culturelles et historiques dans le contexte de cette célébration qui a débuté le 1er aout 1998 et que cette année de 2018 célébrera sa 20ème édition. La composition textuelle décrit le processus historique de formation et de dispersion territoriale du peuple Pataxó provoqué par la discrimination et la persécution, tandis que le texte d’imagerie montre les aspects artistiques-culturels et enregistre leurs manifestations traditionnelles, dans sa représentation photographique, dans laquelle sont présents les matériaux, les couleurs et les significations du profond symbolisme ethnique. Dans cette étude nous avons adopté une méthodologie de type qualitatif fondée sur une approche ethnographique. Comme méthodes de recueil de données nous avons utilisé l’observation participante, l’entretien semi-structuré, des enregistrements iconographiques, sonores et des images en mouvement. Pour l’analyse de données, nous avons choisi les principes d’analyse de contenu, afin de procéder à l’articulation théorique avec les rapports oraux, les photos du peuple Pataxó et leur mode de vie. La conclusion met en évidence les points importants de la culture autochtone Pataxó, tout en invoquant les droits constitutionnels de demander la reconnaissance civile des mariages réalisés dans les tribu dans les normes et la pratique juridique. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar o ARAGWAKSÃ, festa anual em comemoração ao reconhecimento do território indígena Pataxó, e analisar as manifestações culturais e históricas no contexto dessa celebração, que se iniciou em 1º de agosto de 1998 e, neste ano de 2018, estará comemorando a sua 20ª edição. A composição textual descreve o processo histórico da formação e dispersão territorial do povo Pataxó, provocada por discriminação e perseguição; enquanto o texto imagético mostra os aspectos artístico-culturais e registra as suas manifestações tradicionais em sua representação fotográfica, nas quais estão presentes materiais, cores e significados de profundo simbolismo étnico. Nesta pesquisa, adotou-se a metodologia qualitativa de princípios etnográficos, sendo que, para a coleta e a produção de dados, utilizaram-se a observação participante, a entrevista semiestruturada, os registros iconográficos e sonoros e as imagens em movimento. Para analisar os dados, foram escolhidos os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo, a fim de proceder à articulação teórica entre relatos orais, as imagens do povo Pataxó e seu modo de vida. As considerações destacam os pontos importantes da Cultura indígena Pataxó, ao tempo em que invocam os direitos constitucionais para requerer o reconhecimento civil dos casamentos realizados nas aldeias, dentro das normas e da praxe jurídica brasileira. / The present research aims to present ARAGWAKSÃ, an annual celebration to commemorate the recognition of the Pataxó indigenous territory, and to analyze the cultural and historical manifestations in the context of this celebration, which began on August 1, 1998 and in this year of 2018 will be celebrating its 20th edition. The textual composition describes the historical process of the territorial formation and dispersion of the Pataxó people, provoked by discrimination and persecution; while the imagery shows the artistic-cultural aspects and registers their traditional manifestations, in its photographic representation, in which are presented materials, colors and meanings of deep symbolism ethnic. In this research, the qualitative methodology of ethnographic principles was adopted. The participant observation, the semi-structured interview, the iconographic and sound records and the moving images were used for the collection and production of data. In order to analyze the data, the assumptions of the content analysis, were chosen in order to proceed with the theoretical articulation with the oral reports, photos of the Pataxó people and their way of life. The conclusion is to highlight the important points of the Pataxó Indigenous Culture, while invoking the constitutional rights to request the civil recognition of marriages in the villages, within the norms and legal practice in Brazil. / La presente investigación tiene como objetivo presentar el Araguaksán, fiesta anual en conmemoración al reconocimiento del territorio indígena Pataxó, y analizar las manifestaciones culturales e históricas en el contexto de esa celebración, que se inició el 1 de agosto de 1998 y, en este año de 2018, celebrará su 20ª edición. La composición textual describe el proceso histórico de la formación y dispersión territorial del pueblo Pataxó, provocada por discriminación y persecución; mientras que el texto imagético muestra los aspectos artístico-culturales y registra sus manifestaciones tradicionales, en su representación fotográfica, en las que están presentes materiales, colores y significados de profundo simbolismo étnico. En esta investigación, se adoptó la metodología cualitativa de principios etnográficos, siendo que para la recolección y la producción de datos, se utilizaron la observación participante, la entrevista semiestructurada, los registros iconográficos y sonoros y las imágenes en movimiento. Para analizar los datos, fueron escogidos los presupuestos del análisis de contenido, a fin de proceder a la articulación teórica entre los relatos orales, las fotos del pueblo Pataxó y su modo de vida. Las consideraciones finales destácan los puntos importantes de la Cultura indígena Pataxó, al tiempo que invocan los derechos constitucionales para requerir el reconocimiento civil de los matrimonios realizados en las aldeas, dentro de las normas y de la praxis jurídica en Brazil.

Diese Studie befasst sich mit den durch den Bergbau verursachten Umwelt- Sozial- und Territorialkonflikten in der Region Tarapacá, deren Probleme nicht nur mit den Umweltauswirkungen, sondern mit der allgemeinen Behandlung der Natur zum Zwecke des Profits und des Exports verbunden sind. Die Monographie konzentriert sich auf die Konfrontation zwischen dem Staat, den indigenen Gemeinschaften und den Bergbauunternehmen und beschreibt nuanciert die vielen Beziehungen und Verflechtungen zwischen ihnen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen die verschiedenen politischen, wirtschaftlichen, institutionellen und kulturellen Elemente im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von Bergbau und ihre Folgen und Interdependenzen die in den einzelnen Kapiteln beschrieben und dargestellt werden. Im Rahmen nationaler Umweltvorschriften, die die Entwicklung des Bergbaus und anderer Tätigkeiten mit großen Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt zu regulieren versuchen, generiert der heutige ressourcenabbau bestimmte Vereinbarungen mit den lokalen Gemeinschaften die in der Nähe der Bergbaugebiete leben. Das Fehlen von Vereinbarungen kann zu Konflikten und Widerstand seitens der Gemeinschaften führen. Dadurch könnten bestimmte Bergbauprojekte mit hohen Investitionskosten gestoppt oder verzögert werden. Auf diese Weise werden Institutionen, unternehmerisches Engagement, Partizipation und Widerstand in komplexen Beziehungen miteinander verwoben. Die Arbeit integriert auch einen historischen Rahmen in Anbetracht des früheren Salpeterabbaus in der Region und der Entwicklung der Chilenischen Ressourcenpolitik des 20. Jh. mit starken Einfluss auf die nationale Vorstellung vom Bergbau als grundlegende Wirtschaftstätigkeit für die nationale Entwicklung. Sowohl werden auch die Merkmale des chilenischen Neoliberalismus und die Rolle des Bergbaus anhand einer Extraktivismus Kritik behandelt. / This study addresses the environmental, social, and territorial conflicts caused by mining in the Tarapacá region, whose problems are linked to environmental impacts and the general treatment of nature for profit and export. The study focuses on the confrontation between the state, indigenous communities, and mining companies and describes the many relationships and interconnections between them in nuanced terms. This work focuses on the various political, economic, institutional, and cultural elements associated with mining development and their consequences and interdependencies, which are described and illustrated in each chapter. In the context of national environmental regulations that seek to regulate the development of mining and other activities with significant environmental impacts, contemporary resource extraction generates certain agreements with local communities living near mining areas. The lack of agreements can lead to conflict and resistance from communities, and this could stop or delay specific mining projects with high investment costs. This way, institutions, corporate engagement, participation, and resistance become interwoven in complex relationships. The work also integrates a historical framework considering the former saltpeter mining in the region and the development of Chilean resource policies of the 20th century, with a strong influence on the national conception of mining as a fundamental economic activity for national development, discussing at large the characteristics of Chilean neoliberalism and the role of mining.