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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Marknadsföring i en mångkulturell värld

Lindén, Pierre, McMullen, Simon January 2014 (has links)
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur den nationella kulturen påverkar marknadsföringens utformning. Vi har använt oss av tre kulturella dimensioner – horisontell individualism, vertikal individualism samt vertikal kollektivism – för att se om det finns spår av de attribut som representerar de kulturella dimensionerna i marknadsföringen. Undersökningen har baserats på en innehållsanalys av bankers reklamfilmer, som hämtats från ett land av respektive kulturell dimension. Resultaten visade en tydlig korrelation mellan landets kultur och hur reklamfilmerna var utformade. I det kollektivistiska landet Indien hade man exempelvis ett betydligt mycket större relationsfokus än i det individualistiska USA. Slutsatsen är att kulturen ter sig ha en stor påverkan på hur marknadsföring utformas och att denna påverkan i stor utsträckning kan härledas till de kulturella dimensionerna individualism-kollektivism och horisontellt-vertikalt.
152

L'amour à l'âge de l'individualisme / Love in the age of individualism

Sabolo, Fabrice 27 March 2013 (has links)
La relation d'amour vécue au sein du couple et de la conjugalité a connu, sous l'essor de l'individualisme, de profonds changements. L'individualisme, manière d'être au monde et de se rapporter aux autres, a ainsi induit de nouvelles façons de vivre l'amour. En partant d'un contexte précis – notre millénaire naissant –, cette thèse s'efforce de dégager quelques-uns des grands enjeux philosophiques touchant les relations amoureuses aujourd'hui, pour proposer ensuite une analyse détaillée de l'amour et de son rapport à la personne, et tenter par là de répondre aux questions qui se posent désormais. La première partie est donc essentiellement descriptive et aporétique. Elle débute par une brève analyse historique et conceptuelle de l'individualisme, qui permet de préciser le sens général de cette notion, à partir d'auteurs tels que Louis Dumont, Marcel Gauchet, Alain Renaut, Benjamin Constant, Alexis de Tocqueville… C'est ainsi que l'on introduit la distinction entre l'individualisme « politique » (qui marque la naissance de l'individualisme) et l'individualisme « narcissique », qui en est la continuation et l'imprégnation dans nos mœurs quotidiennes, notamment à travers la société de consommation. Une fois ces prémisses posées sont étudiées les conséquences de l'individualisme narcissique sur le couple, les relations amoureuses et conjugales. Cette partie s'appuie plus particulièrement sur les travaux de sociologues (François de Singly, Jean-Claude Kaufmann, Zygmunt Bauman, Gilles Lipovetsky, Christopher Lasch…). Sont abordés notamment les points suivants : le conflit entre l'amour et la liberté individuelle des conjoints ; le contrat amoureux ; la sculpture du couple à partir du projet des conjoints ; le choix amoureux (sa difficulté, sa fragilité, ce qui le conditionne…) ; les amours fusionnel et fissionnel ; l'influence de la société de consommation sur l'amour et le couple ; les approches matérialistes de l'amour. L'objectif de cette première partie, largement nourrie d'écrits sociologiques, n'est pas tant de donner une description du couple contemporain que de dégager, à travers les tensions qui s'y manifestent, les principales questions philosophiques qu'il pose, pour proposer ensuite un cheminement philosophique apportant des éléments de réponse. La deuxième partie, qui ouvre le travail d'analyse et de compréhension de l'amour en lui-même, s'articule autour des visions platonicienne et aristotélicienne de l'amour-éros et l'amour-philia. Elle a pour but de montrer que la vision platonicienne continue d'imprégner notre rapport à l'amour, notamment à travers la fusion et le sentiment amoureux. Pour ce faire, elle commence par étudier les textes de Platon relatifs à l'éros, pour voir ensuite, avec José Ortega y Gasset, puis Denis de Rougemont, combien l'amour est encore compris et appréhendé à partir de cette approche. Puis elle introduit la notion d'amour d'amitié, comme une réponse possible à cette première vision. C'est ainsi qu'elle considère l'analyse que propose Aristote de la philia, et s'efforce de montrer son actualité. La troisième partie, qui poursuit les investigations de la deuxième, commence par analyser les trois grandes formes de l'amour qui habitent l'homme : l'amour instinctif, l'amour sensible et l'amour spirituel, dit « personnel ». Sur cette base-là, elle poursuit sur une analyse de l'amour d'amitié, non plus chez Aristote, mais à partir de l'expérience. À l'occasion de l'étude de ses grandes dimensions (le réalisme de l'amour, le premier amour, l'intention, le choix, la liberté en amour, la fidélité…), sont proposées des réponses aux questions posées dans la première partie. C'est ainsi que l'on présente l'amour d'amitié comme une réponse et une alternative possibles à l'approche individualiste de l'amour, qui voit dans ce dernier une relation contractuelle basée sur un partage d'intérêt. / Love in the age of individualism - [Summary by Reverso] The relation of love lived within the couple and within the conjugality knew, under the development of the individualism, the deep changes. The individualism, the way of being to the world and to relate to the others, so led(inferred) new manners to live love. By leaving of a precise context - our rising millennium-, this thesis(theory) tries hard to clear(release) some of the big philosophic stakes affecting(touching) the affairs today, to propose then a detailed analysis of love and its report(relationship) to the person, and try there to answer questions that arise from now on.
153

From us to me: cultural value changes from collectivism to individualism in Chinese commercials

Zhao, Jingyan January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Curtis B. Matthews / China’s society has been changing since 1979, when the open-door policy was implemented. Many great events in politics, economy and culture have brought lots of diversities to the Chinese younger generation who were born after 1979. These diversities have led to a cultural value change from collectivism to individualism among this generation (Cao, 2009; Sun & Wang, 2010; Moore, 2005). Cultivation analysis theory may be appropriate to explain this phenomenon as the open-door policy allowed American and European TV programs and other media products come into China. Effective advertising should cater to its audience in order to effectively persuade them to purchase its merchandise or service (Zhang & Harwood, 2004; Chang, 2006). If the cultural value of the Chinese younger generation has changed, it may be reflected in the commercial content of successful advertisers. This research conducted a content analysis of Chinese commercials, comparing the commercial contents in recent years to approximately ten years ago. It examined if the individualistic factors were more frequently showed in the commercials in recent years than approximately ten years ago, with the consideration to merchandise type and production place. Research results exhibited an increase of individualism revealing in Chinese commercials from approximately 2006 to 2016.
154

The relationship between university students' background characteristics, individualism-collectivism scores and intercultural attitudes

14 November 2008 (has links)
M.A. / The recent social and political changes that have taken place in South Africa, particularly the integration of the universities, makes this an ideal setting for the study of students’ attitudes and perceptions of their own and other cultural groups. A limitation of existing attitude studies in South Africa and abroad is that these studies have focussed minimally on identifying cultural perceptual processes that underlie intergroup attitudes. In addition, these studies tend to focus mainly on the attitudes of single ethno-cultural groups towards one or a few specific ethnic target groups. The variation of group attitudes of each other across diverse cultural orientation groups has thus mostly been neglected. In order to address such problems, this study aimed at examining cultural group attitudes and core value-orientations (Individualism and Collectivism) amongst 1st and 2nd year psychology volunteer students at RAU. More specifically, this study aimed at determining the variation of group attitudes and value-orientations in terms of a number of independent variables, and the correlation between group attitudes and core value-orientations. The study employed a questionnaire survey with a sample of 541 1st and 2nd year psychology volunteer students at RAU. The sample included male and female students from the broad cultural orientation groups (Western, African, Middle-Eastern (Muslim) and Indian/Asian cultural orientation groups), and the three main language groups (English, Afrikaans and African languages), as well as resident students and day-students from various faculties and academic years of study. The assessment instruments comprised of an Individualism and Collectivism Likert Scale (IS/CS) (Gudykunst, 1995), designed to measure generalised core value-orientations, and a Semantic Differential Scale (SDS) (Nieuwoudt, 1973), designed to measure attitudes towards five broad cultural orientation groups, namely: Western-Afrikaans, Western-English, Indian/Asian, Middle-Eastern (Muslim) and Indigenous African groups. The independent variables included in the analyses of the data were: gender, resident vs. day-students (intimacy and frequency of contact variable), cultural group membership/identity, and first language. The construct validity and the internal reliability of the I/CS and SDS were investigated by means of principal axis factor analysis and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients. Independent t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences between the IS/CS and SDS scores of the male and female respondents and the resident students and day-students. ANOVA and subsequent Scheffé or Dunnett T3 post-hoc tests were used to identify the group similarities and differences in the scores for the five cultural-identity groups and the three language groups. Finally, Pearsons’ product-moment correlations were used to identify significant correlations between the IS/CS and SDS scores. Important findings were the following: • Females indicated significantly stronger Individualism and Collectivism scores than males. • Day-students indicated significantly stronger Collectivism scores than resident students. • Statistically significant differences were identified in the IS/CS scores of the five cultural-identity groups and the three language groups. • Males and females differed significantly from one another in terms of their perceptions of Indian/Asian cultural groups. • Resident students and day-students differed significantly from one another in terms of their perceptions of Western-Afrikaans and African cultural groups. • The five cultural-orientation groups and the three language groups differed significantly from one another in terms of their perceptions of Western-Afrikaans, Western-English and African cultural groups. • Significant correlations for the Collectivism scores and the SDS scores for the perceptions of the Western-English, Indian/Asian, Middle-Eastern and African cultures were identified. These correlations were however extremely low, indicating that conducting a regression analysis of the SDS attitude scores in terms of the IS/CS scores was not feasible. Theoretical implications were discussed and recommendations were made for future research in this field.
155

Svårigheter och förtjänster med diffusa riktlinjer : En kvalitativ studie socialarbetares upplevelse av att tillämpa serviceinsatser till barn och familj / Difficulties and possibilities with diffuse guidelines : A qualitative study regarding social workers experience about providing service action to child and family

Samuelsson, Anna, Näslund, Lovisa January 2016 (has links)
Diskussionen om serviceinsatser inom socialtjänsten har länge pågått och det finns stora variationer kommuner emellan till följd av de diffusa riktlinjer som anges för insatsen. Ämnet aktualiseras i och med den rättsprocess som behandlat serviceinsatsers utformning och omfattning. Denna studie är ett bidrag till debatten om serviceinsatser och den fortsatta utvecklingen av socialt arbete. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka svårigheter och förtjänster serviceinsatser medför, samt vilken betydelse organisationsstrukturen har för socialarbetarens handlingsutrymme. Resultatet bygger på intervjuer med fem socialarbetare som tillämpar serviceinsatser till barn och familj. De begrepp och teorier som används för att analysera det insamlade materialet är individualism, gräsrotsbyråkrati, handlingsutrymme och empowerment. Det framgick att socialarbetarna uppfattar riktlinjerna för serviceinsatsen som diffusa och ospecificerade, vilket vidgar socialarbetarnas handlingsutrymme. Kunskap och erfarenhet visar sig vara viktiga redskap för att hantera handlingsutrymmet och forma serviceinsatsen efter den hjälpsökandes behov. De förtjänster som framhålls är tillgänglighet, mobilitet, den hjälpsökandes delaktighet, motivation och frivillighet. Vidare belystes avsaknaden av dokumentation som positiv då socialarbetarna menade att de får mer tid för den hjälpsökande. Resultatet indikerade även att dessa faktorer var av betydelse för relationen. Det framgick att det skett en relationell maktförskjutning mellan socialarbetare och hjälpsökande, där den hjälpsökande ålagds det yttersta ansvaret. Socialtjänstens rykte visade sig vara ett hinder för att nå målgruppen. Vidare påträffades svårigheter att informera om serviceinsatser och socialarbetarna upplevde att människor trots marknadsföring inte var medvetna om att hjälpen fanns att söka. Det framkom även att det kunde vara problematiskt att inte göra uppföljning eller utvärdering av serviceinsatsen.
156

[en] THE EXPECTATIONS OF BRAZILIAN AND AMERICAN WORKERS REGARDING HUMAN RESOURCES GUIDELINES IN CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS / [pt] AS EXPECTATIVAS DE TRABALHADORES BRASILEIROS E NORTE-AMERICANOS ACERCA DE DIRETRIZES DE RECURSOS HUMANOS DE ORGANIZAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS

DENIS MARÇAL SANTOS 02 September 2011 (has links)
[pt] As práticas e políticas de Recursos Humanos se tornaram essenciais para o sucesso das organizações no atual ambiente competitivo, caracterizado pela intensa dinâmica e multi-culturalidade. Essas características colocam para a gestão de recursos humanos o desafio de lidar com diferentes ambientes onde expectativas, hábitos e valores podem variar em função das pessoas que o integram. Examinamos se isto pode auxiliar no delineamento de práticas e políticas de Recursos Humanos que sejam mais eficientes e eficazes no alcance dos objetivos organizacionais, na medida em que podem potencializar o comprometimento, a motivação, o envolvimento e a integração da força de trabalho. No contexto de competição mais acirrada, reconhecemos a importância do capital humano como vantagem competitiva para a organização. O presente estudo procurou identificar se trabalhadores contemporâneos brasileiros e norteamericanos possuem expectativas diferentes em relação às políticas e práticas de recursos humanos das empresas. / [en] The Human Resources practices and policies have become essential to the success of organizations in today s competitive environment, characterized by a intense dynamic and multi-culturalism. These characteristics pose to human resource management challenge with different environments where expectations, habits and values may vary depending on the people within it. We examine whether it can assist in the design of practices and HR policies that are more efficient and effective achievement of organizational goals, in that it can leverage the commitment, motivation, involvement and integration of the workforce. In the context of tougher competition, we recognize the importance of human capital as a competitive advantage for the organization. This study sought to identify whether brazilians’ and americans’ contemporary workers have different expectations regarding policies and practices of human resource companies.
157

The relationship between the five-factor model and individualism/collectivism among South African students

Vogt, Liesl Therese 03 October 2008 (has links)
The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality is one of the prominent models in contemporary psychology and defines personality in terms of five broad factors, namely, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Recent research, however, questions the applicability of the FFM in non-Western cultures, suggesting that it is not exhaustive enough and that it does not account for some other personality factors, most notably Individualism/Collectivism. Therefore, this study investigated whether the FFM of personality is related to Individualism/Collectivism in a sample of South African students. A total of 176 questionnaires were completed by students from the University of the Witwatersrand. The questionnaire contained the individualism/collectivism (INDCOL) scales and the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) which is a South African instrument based on the FFM. Results indicate that there were no significant relationships between the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism. In addition no significant difference was found between race and the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism. There were also no significant differences between home language and the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism.
158

Hur mår det svenska samhället? : En studie om individualismens påverkan på tilliten i det svenska samhället.

Nordström, Pontus, Kelmendi, Egzon January 2019 (has links)
Syfte med denna studie är att kartlägga hur det svenska samhällets välmående i form av tillit till allmänheten, påverkas av individualism kontra kollektivism samt klass. Studiens relevans grundar sig i samtidens samhällskulturer och -strukturer samt klassisk sociologisk teori, då sociologisk teori argumenterar för att samhället blir allt mer individualistiskt, vilket även skadar samhällets välmående, är det relevant att undersöka hur individualism påverkar tillit i Sverige. I synnerhet då tidigare forskning har visat på positiva samband mellan individualism och tillit. Tidigare forskning påvisar att Sverige, i jämförelse med andra västerländska, är ett land med hög mellanmänsklig tillit och ett välsmort samhällsmaskineri. Genom en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys har denna studie undersökt, effekten av de oberoende variablerna individualism och kollektivism på den beroende variabeln tillit, samt kontrollerat för effekterna av klass. Klassindikatorn som använts är hushållsinkomst. Resultatet visar att klass är den variabel som har störst effekt på tillit till allmänheten. Signifikanta effekter återfinns samtidigt även hos de variabler som anger kollektivism, dock inte i samma grad som klass. Slutsatser av analysen visar att desto högre respondentens hushållsinkomst är, desto större är dennes tillit. Dock visar resultatet att de kollektivistiska instanserna är av betydelse för upprätthållandet av tilliten hos de individer som befinner sig i de lägre samhällsklasserna. Individualism blev icke signifikant och påverkar således inte samhällets välmående. Resultatet av denna studie antyder således att samband mellan individualism och samhällets välmående är beroende av klass. / <p>2019-06-03</p>
159

As máscaras de Robinson Crusoe: a representação do individualismo moderno em Daniel Defoe e Mozael Silveira / The masks of Robinson Crusoe: the representation of modern individualism in Daniel Defoe and Mozael Silveira

Borges Junior, José David 19 October 2012 (has links)
Esta dissertação visa a estudar as metamorfoses do individualismo moderno em duas produções culturais distintas, concebidas em civilizações e contextos históricos também diversos, a saber: Reino Unido, à época da Revolução Inglesa e Brasil, em tempos de ditadura militar. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise comparativa entre as obras Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe e As aventuras de Robinson Crusoé, de Mozael Silveira. Assim, foi possível verificar como a literatura e o cinema, entendidos como campos narrativos, funcionam em processos dialógicos, encenando problemáticas sociais, históricas e ideológicas por meio de suas construções discursivas e linguagens próprias, de modo a simbolizar o mundo e oferecer, ao pesquisador, novas formas ou modelos para compreensão da realidade e, portanto, do próprio entendimento acerca do supracitado conceito. / This dissertation aims to study the metamorphoses of modern individualism into two distinct cultural productions, designed in civilizations and historical contexts also distinct, namely: United Kingdom, at the time of the English Revolution and Brazil, in times of military dictatorship. For both, the comparative analysis works as a method of investigation between Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe and As aventuras de Robinson Crusoé, by Mozael Silveira. In this way, was possible to verify as literature and cinema, understood as narrative fields, works in dialogic processes, staging social, historical and ideological problems through their own languages and discursive constructions, to symbolize the world and offer, for the researcher, new forms or models for understanding of reality and, therefore, the understanding of that concept.
160

Det nya arbetslivet : En kvalitativ studie om studenters syn på anställningsbarhet / The New Work Life : A qualitative study of students' views on employability

Johansson, Therese, Sjöholm, Sandra, Werner, Josefine January 2014 (has links)
Denna studie behandlar det nya arbetslivet och vilka konsekvenser det innebär för individen. Studiens syfte är att förstå hur studenter på högskolenivå ser på de krav på arbetsmarknaden som medföljt ur individualiseringens kölvatten, med fokus på begreppet anställningsbarhet.Frågeställningarna berör individernas syn på anställningsbarhet samt om studenterna serindividualistiskt eller kollektivistiskt på anställningsbarhet. Arbetet är kvalitativt genomfört och har en abduktiv inriktning med en omfattning av åtta intervjuer. Urvalet innefattar fyra sjuksköterskestudenter samt fyra ingenjörsstudenter. Teorier som studien använder är Sennetts (2007) kritiska reflektion på individualiseringen, Allvin m.fl. (2006) presentation omkonsekvenserna av individualiseringen samt Garsten och Jacobssons (2004) diskussion kring anställningsbarhet. Teorierna som författarna presenterar menar att individualiseringen har inneburit en rad konsekvenser för samhället och individen samt att arbetsmarknaden har förändrats i takt med detta. Vidare behandlar teoretikerna att två läger skapats i och medindividualiseringen, de som kan anamma och dra nytta av det nya arbetslivet samt de somhamnar utanför. I denna kontext uppstår en norm, ett sätt en individ “bör” vara för att kunna följa med i den ständiga utvecklingen. Respondenterna hade en relativt samstämmig bild av deras kommande arbetsliv. Individerna tenderade att resonera individualistiskt kring många aspekter på arbetsmarknaden. En del aspekter framträdde dock som kollektivistiska drag hosindividerna. Studien ger en intressant bild av de avtryck som individualiseringen medfört och hur dess konsekvenser på arbetsmarknaden påverkat unga vuxna som idag utbildar sig för att senare kunna verka på arbetsmarknaden. / <p>This study covers “the new work life” and the consequences it entails for the individual. The aim of the study is to understand how student at university level perceive the demands of the labor market that accompand the individualization, focusing on the concept of employability.</p><p>The issues concern individual views on employability and if the students perceive</p><p>employability as individualistic or collectivistic. The study is carried out qualitatively and has an abductive direction based on eight interviews. The selection includes four nursing student and four engineering students. The study uses theories on Sennett´s (2007) critical reflection of individualization, Allvin et.al. (2006) presentation about the consequences of the individualization and Garsten and Jacobsson´s (2004) discussion on employability. The authors of the theories imply that the individualization has led to a number of consequences for the society and the individual, and that the work life has change. Furthermore the authors of the theories discuss two groups created by the individualization, those who can embrace</p><p>and take advantage of the new work life and those who can´t. In this context, there is a norm emerging, a way an individual “should” act in order to keep up with the incessant</p><p>development. The respondents of the study had a relatively unanimous picture of their future working life. The individuals tended to reason individualistic on numerous aspects of the labor market. Some aspects of the individuals emerged, however, as collectivist traits. The study provides an interesting picture of the individualizations effects and how these</p><p>consequences on the labor market affect the young adults that are about to enter the labor market.</p><p>Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället</p>

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