Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 9 / Nenhuma / Essa dissertação procura avaliar a dinâmica da inflação no Brasil no período de março de 2000 a dezembro de 2007, através de uma Curva de Phillips híbrida, na especificação que permite além do termo “forward looking”, representado pela expectativa de inflação, o termo “backward looking” através da inflação defasada. Inicialmente, procura-se fazer uma exposição da teoria da Curva de Phillips, partindo da abordagem clássica até a abordagem dos novos keynesianos. A revisão da literatura destaca que a Curva de Phillips tem dificuldade em se ajustar à dinâmica da inflação. Dessa forma, a inclusão do termo que representa a inércia da inflação melhora sua adequação. Conjuntamente, o nível de atividade representado pelo hiato do produto não é estatisticamente significativo, fato esse que é suportado por outros trabalhos na literatura. Avalia-se a utilização do custo unitário do trabalho como proxy do nível de atividade, e os resultados não se alteram significativamente. Os dados de inflação relativos ao último trimes / This dissertation assess the inflation dynamics in Brazil through a hybrid Phillips Curve, at the specification that allows the "forward term", represented by inflation expectation, and the "backward term" through by inertial inflation. Initially, several approaches for the Phillips Curve's theory, from classical to new Keynesian, are presented and detailed. As pointed out by the precedent literature, it is shown that the Phillips Curve has some difficulty in adjusting to the inflation dynamics and, as a consequence, that the addition of the “backward term” enhances its fit. Furthermore, the inclusion of a proxy variable for the level of activity, represented by the output gap, is not statistically significant, result supported by previous studies in literature. Finally, it is analyzed the use of a unit labor cost as a proxy for the level of activity, with no significant changes in the results. The inflation data regarding the last tree months of 2002 are influenced by the effects of the political crisis at t

Submitted by Eric Hatisuka (ehatisuka@gmail.com) on 2012-02-28T04:00:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-02-28T18:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-28T18:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-30 / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a ancoragem das expectativas de inflação de longo prazo no Brasil, medidas por intermédio das taxas de inflação implícitas nos títulos indexados ao IPCA. Para isso, são extraídas as curvas de juros reais e nominais dos preços do mercado secundário de títulos públicos, e uma vez de posse destes valores, são calculadas as taxas de inflação implícitas observadas diariamente no mercado brasileiro. Utilizando um modelo simples, estimado por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) robusto, testa-se a sensibilidade de alguns vértices das taxas de inflação implícita em relação às variações mensais de indicadores macroeconômicos relevantes para a trajetória de curto prazo da inflação e política monetária. Desta maneira, pretende-se avaliar se o comportamento da inflação implícita nos preços de mercado dos títulos públicos pode oferecer evidências de que as expectativas estão bem ancoradas no Brasil, no âmbito do regime de metas de inflação. / This work aims to investigate the anchoring of the long term inflation expectations in Brazil, as measured by the break even inflation rates in the IPCA-indexed bonds. On that matter, the nominal and real daily yield curves are calculated from the prices observed in the market, and then, used to generate the break even inflation rate yield curve. Using a simple model, estimated by robust OLS, some vertices of the inflation compensation are tested over the monthly releases of economic data, important to the short term course of inflation and monetary policy. Thus, it is intended to assess whether the behavior of the long term inflation compensation provides evidence that the inflation expectations are well anchored in Brasil, under the inflation targeting regime.

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Submitted by Maurício Tadeu Reis (mauricio_41@live.com) on 2018-09-04T14:10:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-04-09-2018.pdf: 942449 bytes, checksum: 506f00632a87d40c0d92c1996f1cf67f (MD5) / Rejected by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br), reason: ,, on 2018-09-04T15:07:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Maurício Tadeu Reis (mauricio_41@live.com) on 2018-09-04T15:16:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-04-09-2018.pdf: 942449 bytes, checksum: 506f00632a87d40c0d92c1996f1cf67f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2018-09-04T15:16:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-04-09-2018.pdf: 942449 bytes, checksum: 506f00632a87d40c0d92c1996f1cf67f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-09-04T15:22:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-04-09-2018.pdf: 942449 bytes, checksum: 506f00632a87d40c0d92c1996f1cf67f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T15:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-04-09-2018.pdf: 942449 bytes, checksum: 506f00632a87d40c0d92c1996f1cf67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-09 / Neste trabalho serão estimadas diversas regressões para o prêmio de risco de inflação encontrado na economia brasileira, com dados entre janeiro 2006 e dezembro 2017. Adicionalmente, a inflação implícita terá uma seção de resultados semelhante ao encontrado para o prêmio de risco de inflação. Foram encontradas na literatura, tanto local quanto na estrangeira, poucas referências que tinham como tema central o prêmio de risco de inflação, a literatura encontrada é mais vasta ao buscarmos por inflação implícita ou taxa natural de juros. Os modelos construídos para mercados estrangeiros visam eliminar o problema da defasagem nos indexados de inflação dos títulos reais, como tanto no trabalho de Evans quanto de Grishchenko e Huang onde, para os mercados britânico e americano, respectivamente, aplicam um modelo que visava reduzir o ruído gerado pela defasagem no indexador de inflação. Para o mercado local, temos uma literatura mais focada em inflação implícita, no qual podemos notar em Vicente e Graminho que realizam a decomposição de todos os componentes da inflação implícita, inclusive o prêmio de risco de inflação. Foi possível tirar algumas conclusões sobre quais variáveis podem afetar o prêmio de risco de inflação e de qual forma, destas, destacou-se o CDS e as expectativas de inflação para períodos condizentes com os analisados para juros reais e nominais. / In this work many regressions towards the inflation risk premium for the Brazilian economy will be estimated, with data from January 2006 to December 2017. In addition to that, there will be a topic where we can find similar results for the implicit inflation as the ones obtained for the inflation risk premium. In the bibliography we found a few references for both local and foreign studies about the main topic, the inflation risk premium, the bibliography is more common to implicit inflation and natural interest rates. The models constructed for the foreign markets focused on minimizing the inflation lag problem on the indexed real bonds, both Evans's work and Grishchenko and Huang tried to minimize this problem with their models, for the British and American economies, respectively, their models tried to build an alternative real termstructure without this inflation lag. For the local market we found a bibliography more focused on implicit inflation, such as in Vicente and Graminho who studied the implicit inflation and all of its components, including the inflation risk premium. It was possible to take a few conclusions about some economic variables and its relation to inflation risk premium, if it exists. From these variables, we highlight the CDS and inflation expectations in consistent periods with those used for real and nominal interest rates.

Recent breakthrough studies by Gali and Gertler (1999), Sbordone (2002) and Roberts (2001) argue that the New Keynesian Phillips curve (based on Calvo pricing model) is empirically valid concept and they conclude that the real marginal costs are preferred driving force to output gap in inflation dynamics for open economies. Neiss and Nelson (2002) and Gali, Gertler and Salido (2001), in turn, contradict that to date, there has been only little empirical evidence to support this statement. Neiss and Nelson (2002) add that "once output gap is defined consistently with economic theory, the gap-based New Keynesian Phillips curve has a fit with data which is at least as good as the real marginal costs-based one". For this purpose, my study investigates relationship between output gap and inflation described in the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve. Study estimates key coefficients of the hybrid gap-based New Keynesian Phillips curve, with both forward- and backward-looking inflation components, in the Czech Republic for periods 2000Q1 - 2012Q4 using Kalman filtration. My findings suggest that (i) output gap has a significant impact on Czech inflation dynamics (ii) share of forward-looking agents predominates to backward-looking agents in the Czech Republic and (iii) Czech inflation seems to be significantly driven by change in import prices.

The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique, the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Cette thèse s’articule autour de trois essais consacrés à l’analyse de la surliquidité bancaire dans les pays de la CEMAC. Le premier essai a cherché à identifier les déterminants de la surliquidité des pays membres de la CEMAC sur la période de 1985 à 2002. L’estimation GMM utilisé a permis de montrer que la surliquidité en Afrique Centrale dérive à la fois du comportement de précaution des banques commerciales et des facteurs exogènes. La grande prudence des banques peut s’expliquer par l’expérience de la crise financière des années 1980, la restructuration du système bancaire, l’instabilité des dépôts et un contexte économique très risqué. L’embellie du cours du pétrole alimente les réserves excédentaires due à la faible capacité d’absorption des pays de la zone. Dans le deuxième essai, il a été question d’identifier les canaux de transmission les plus opérationnels en Afrique Centrale. La modélisation VAR a permis de montrer que le taux d’intérêt est le canal le plus faible. C’est précisément la carence d’un marché financier qui ne permet pas d’assurer le rôle de recyclage de la liquidité bancaire et de la transmission de la politique monétaire. Dans le troisième essai, a été élaboré un modèle de prévision d’inflation dans un des pays membres de la CEMAC à savoir le Tchad. Les modèles BVAR se sont révélés en Afrique Centrale être plus efficaces que les outils traditionnels (AR, ARIMA, VAR).L’analyse de sensibilité entreprise par l’approche bayesienne indique que la surliquidité exercerait des tensions inflationnistes dans la zone. / This thesis is based on three essays focused on analysis of the excess liquidity in the CEMAC countries. The first one identifies the determinants of excess liquidity in developing countries by studying the case of CEMAC member countries from 1985 to 2002. The GMM estimator used has shown that the excess liquidity in Central Africa derived from both the prudence of commercial banks and exogenous factors. The precaution of Commercial Banks can be explained by the financial crisis in 1980s, the restructuring of the banking system, the instability of deposits and a very risky economic environment. The increasing in oil prices fueling excess reserves due to the low absorption capacity of countries in the region. In the second essay, it was discussed the transmission channels in Central Africa. The VAR model used has shown that the interest rate channel is the lowest. This is exactly the lack of a financial market that does not allow ensuring the function of the recycling of liquidity and the transmission of mone ary policy. At the last essay, it was developed a forecasting model of inflation in Chad which is member of CEMAC countries. BVAR models have been shown in Chad to be more effective than traditional tools (AR, ARIMA and VAR). A sensitivity analysis undertaken by the Bayesian approach indicates that the excess liquidity would exert inflationary pressures.

The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique, the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

This work aims to contribute to the wider body of research in history of economics in Brazil by focusing on the conceptual evolution of inflation inertia. Its motivation lies in the conceptual gap that appeared, following disinflation in 1994, between the stabilization debates carried out in the 1980s and the way economists in Brazil began to describe downwardly rigid inflation patterns from the 1990s onwards. More precisely, we explore the \"inertial inflation episode\" as a chapter in a longer tradition of adaptations, to country-specific realities, of theoretical influences coming from the economics profession at the international level, in the late 1970s, when the inertial inflation hypothesis was brought to the fore. Our narrative reveals that this stubborn inflationary phenomenon had been previously dealt with in the debates in Latin America about growth and inflation back in the 1950s and 1960s, where a host of contributions sprung from various traditions, which were gradually synthesized by the saw-tooth model of real wages, also known as Simonsen-Pazos mechanism. We analyze the recurrent opposition between a monetarist- and a heterodox structuralist-type of thinking in their two rounds, in the 1950s and again in the 1980s. The connection between these two opposing schools is operated by the contributions by Mario Henrique Simonsen and the self-declared neo-structuralist economists at PUC-Rio. Based on a careful and detailed analysis of the latter\'s modeling strategies and conclusions, we show that, along the 1980s, these economists gradually shift towards a more ecumenical approach, inviting monetarist elements into their analyses while downplaying the relevance of the inertial component. Finally, when the 1990s came, the rise of a macroeconomic consensus began to conceptualize \"inflation inertia\" as the time delay between a real or monetary shock and the response by price level changes, leaving the concept of \"inflation persistence\" to account for the deviations of inflation away from its equilibrium value, a view that undergirds how most Brazilian economists now understand this phenomenon. We assess how \"inflation inertia\" has been understood in the aftermath of the monetary reform in Brazil in 1994, by analyzing the backstage papers that circulated within the economic team in charge of the Real Plan. We conclude that there are elements of continuity between the two rounds as regards the concept of inertia, but that they are now stripped of their previous dense historical and institutional substance. / O presente trabalho busca contribuir para a literatura de história do pensamento econômico brasileiro, ao estudar a transformação do conceito de inércia inflacionária no Brasil desde os debates sobre estabilização na década de 1980 até o período pós-Real, mudança essa que permanece inexplicada pela literatura. Mais precisamente, o trabalho busca verificar a hipótese de que a inflação inercial não passou de um episódio de uma longa tradição de adaptações teóricas de influências oriundas de economistas estrangeiros, em especial na década de 1970, quando a hipótese de uma inflação inercial foi levantada. Nossa narrativa revela que o fenômeno da rigidez inflacionária já havia sido previamente compreendido e teorizado nos debates na América Latina, nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, quando inúmeras contribuições foram eventualmente sintentizadas no modelo de rendas contratuais sob inflação no formato de \"dente-de-serra\", ou o assim chamado mecanismo Simonsen-Pazos. A narrativa adota a controvérsia entre monetaristas e estruturalistas em seus dois momentos como eixo da análise, para mostrar como o desaparecimento dessa oposição coincide com a emergência do consenso macroeconômico em escala internacional. Baseando-se em uma análise cuidadosa e detalhada das contribuições dos economistas neo-estruturalistas da PUC-Rio e da onipresente influência de Simonsen como um sintetizador das contenciosas escolas, o trabalho apresenta evidências documentais de uma transformação estruturalista da segunda geração. Ao longo dos anos 1980, esses economistas gradualmente convergiram para uma abordagem mais ecumênica com relação aos monetaristas, reduzindo a importância do componente inercial da inflação e ampliando a relevância de aspectos usualmente associados à ortodoxia econômica. Finalmente, no período pós-Real, passa a predominar no país um conceito de inércia inflacionária que constrasta com a visão anterior dos economistas atuando no referido plano de estabilização. Esse novo conceito está associado à emergência da \"nova síntese neoclássica\", na qual a inércia é compreendida como o atraso na resposta dos níveis de preço a choques monetários ou reais, enquanto o conceito de persistência inflacionária representa desvios duradouros da inflação com relação ao seu nível de equilíbrio. Para compreender se essa mudança pode ser considerada uma ruptura com relação ao passado, analisam-se os artigos que circularam nos bastidores do Plano Real dentro da equipe econômica. Nosso trabalho conclui que há elementos de continuidade entre os dois momentos no que se refere ao conceito de inércia, os quais aparecem agora com uma representação analítica desprovida da substância histórica e institucional que o conceito outrora abarcava.

Au début des années 80, le gouvernement chinois a lancé une politique d’ouverture dans le but d’attirer les capitaux, les compétences modernes et les techniques avancées nécessaires au développement économique de la Chine. Aujourd’hui, cette politique semble porter ses fruits. La Chine, qui était un pays quasiment autarcique avant les années 1980, est devenue actuellement le premier pays exportateur et le deuxième pays destinataire des investissements directs étrangers du monde. Jusqu’à présent, la plupart des travaux de recherche sur l’ouverture économique de la Chine se sont contentés de démontrer les effets positifs des exportations et des entrées des IDE sur l’économie interne de la Chine. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, en partant d'une analyse fondée sur l’économie de production et en étudiant la relation entre le taux de change du yuan, l’exportation, l’investissement direct étranger et le revenu, nous démontrons que la politique d’ouverture menée par le gouvernement chinois depuis les années 80 ne profite pas vraiment à la plupart des habitants de la Chine. En nous fondant sur la notion d’inflation-déséquilibre monétaire, nous expliquons que l’exportation nette et l’entrée d'investissements directs étrangers en Chine ont provoqué une tension inflationniste et une dégradation du pouvoir d’achat réel de la majorité de ses habitants ainsi qu'une aggravation des inégalités économiques. Ces effets ne peuvent pas être corrigés par la politique monétaire de la Banque centrale chinoise. De plus, cette politique monétaire est susceptible d’engendrer un dysfonctionnement de l’économie chinoise dans la mesure où elle accentue les difficultés financières de nombreuses entreprises, notamment celles de petite taille, ce que tente de démontrer cette thèse / In the early 1980s, Chinese government has adopted an opening up policy in order to attract capital, skills and modern advanced technology that are necessary for the economic development of China. Indeed, this policy has already borne fruit. China, that was almost self-sufficient until the 1980s, has now become the largest exporter and the second largest recipient of foreign direct investment in the world. Until now, most of the research on the economic opening up policy of China, however, has concentrated on the demonstration of the positive effects of exports and FDI inflows on the domestic economy of China. In this thesis, based on the analysis of economics of production, we study the relationship between the exchange rate of the yuan, export, foreign direct investment and income. We show that the opening up policy conducted by the Chinese government since the 1980s does not really benefit most of the residents in China. Based on the concept of inflation of monetary imbalances, we explain that the net export and entry of foreign direct investment in China have resulted in the inflationary pressures, degradation of real purchasing power of the majority of residents and increasing economic inequalities. These effects can’t be remedied by the monetary policy of the Central Bank of China. In addition, the monetary policy is likely to cause a malfunction of the Chinese economy to an extent that increases the financial difficulties of many firms, especially those small ones. That is what we are trying to prove in this thesis