Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2267.pdf: 1065483 bytes, checksum: 91bbd09b87699857ffcc73cde4eec264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-15 / This project analyzes the role of micro, small and medium companies in Brazil, their importance in generation of income and job and compares the main economic indicators of this segment with the ones of other countries. The work encompasses an analysis of the main problems that turns the development of these companies so difficult. It also evidences what has been done and what is being done to change that situation and suggests that public policies should prioritize the improvement of their competitiveness through the reduction of the obstacles caused by the unnecessary regulation, difficulties in accessing financial programs whether of medium or long terms and through programs and incentives aiming the improvement of companies management. The importance and the evolution of the Industrial Districts in Brazil is put in evidence, since it is considered by many authors as an alternative to the strengthening of the micro, small and medium companies and regional development. An analysis of the main indicator of informal economy is presented in this work. It also investigates how some specific public policies could cause the reduction of the current levels of informality. The dissertation concludes reaffirming the principal actions that could be prioritized in different and distinct areas - regulation, judiciary, tax, credit, all objectifying the improvement of productivity of the micro, small and medium companies. / Este trabalho analisa o papel das micro , pequenas e médias empresas no Brasil, sua importância na geração de rendas e empregos e compara os principais indicadores desse segmento com o de outros países. O trabalho faz uma análise dos principais problemas que dificultam o desenvolvimento das MPME, evidencia o que já foi feito e sugere que as políticas públicas priorizem a melhoria da competitividade das empresas, através da redução dos obstáculos causados pela excessiva regulamentação, dificuldades de acesso a financiamentos de médio e de longo prazos e através de programas e incentivos visando a melhoria da gestão das mesmas. O trabalho evidencia a importância e a evolução dos Distritos Industriais ( APL's) no Brasil, por muitos considerado como uma alternativa de fortalecimento das MPME e de desenvolvimento regional. É feita uma análise dos principais indicadores da economia informal e como algumas medidas de políticas públicas poderiam colaborar para redução dos atuais níveis de informalidade. O trabalho é concluído reenfatizando as principais ações que poderiam ser priorizadas nas diversas áreas - regulamentação, judiciário, tributária, crédito, todas objetivando melhorar a produtividade das MPME.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-05-17T00:00:00Z / Discorre sobre os estudos de evasão fiscal utilizados para explicar o comportamento dos agentes privados frente à questão do pagamento de tributos. Relata as principais questões que o administrador público enfrenta devido à existência de evasão fiscal.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-08-29T18:43:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 843492 bytes, checksum: 1efd68e38fe873f42220e0c4b71114ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T18:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 843492 bytes, checksum: 1efd68e38fe873f42220e0c4b71114ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A mineração informal/ilegal está presente em todas as regiões do Peru, com maior concentração em Cusco, Madre de Dios e Puno. Este sector extrativo experimentou, em finais dos anos 80, um novo crescimento ligados a vários fatores, tais como, a liberalização do mercado de matérias primas, o aumento dos preços dos minerais e a escassez de oportunidades de emprego em outros sectores. Além disso, é importante enfatizar a importância social, já que muitas famílias recorrem a estas atividades como o único meio de subsistência para suas comunidades, em situação de pobreza e vulnerabilidade social. Assim, o problema de pesquisa está pautado não somente no crescimento expressivo da mineração informal/ilegal no Peru, mas também em suas interferências sobre os domínios da vida das famílias. Neste sentido, o objetivo foi analisar o cenário da mineração informal bem como as suas implicações na qualidade de vida das famílias de Huamachuco, Departamento de La Libertad, Perú. Na metodologia, foi feito uso da pesquisa bibliográfica para buscar informações sobre as categorias analíticas: mineração informal, representação social e domínios de vida. Além disso, fez-se uso da pesquisa qualitativa e do estudo de caso, sendo realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com as autoridades e as famílias de Huamachuco, buscando identificar a situação dos domínios da vida "antes e depois de mineração". Estes dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e pelo programa Alceste. Os resultados evidenciaram que, com o avanço do capitalismo, a cidade de Huamachuco foi beneficiada pela mineração no aspecto econômico (geração de renda e empregos), mas produziu conflitos e impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente, com aumento do numero de doenças, o que reflete em um desenvolvimento local viciado. Com respeito aos componentes da vida: o crescimento da renda melhorou os domínios relativos à habitação e educação, como também aumentou o tempo livre dedicado ao lazer; mas, por sua vez, prejudicou os domínios relacionados com o bem-estar, segurança física, aspectos ambientais e saúde. Conclui-se que a mineração tem uma contribuição limitada na qualidade de vida das famílias, porque, apesar de propiciar o aumento da renda, o trabalho é instável, com repercussões negativas sobre o meio ambiente e a saúde das pessoas. É necessário, portanto, aproveitar o crescimento econômico gerado pela atividade de mineração, com o desenvolvimento de ações e estratégias de longo prazo e sustentáveis, por meio de uma gestão local mais efetiva e participativa. / Informal or illegal mining is present in all regions of Peru, with greater concentration in Cusco, Madre de Dios and Puno. At the end of the 1980s, this extractive sector experienced new growth linked to diverse factors, such as the liberalization of the raw materials market, the increase in mineral prices and the lack of job opportunities in other sectors. In addition, it is important to emphasize their social importance, because many families resort to these activities as the only means of subsistence for their communities, in situations of poverty and social vulnerability. So, , the research problem is based not only on the expressive growth of informal/illegal mining in Peru, but also in their interferences in the domains of life of families. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the informal mining scenario as well as the implications on the quality of life of the families of Huamachuco, Department of La Libertad, Perú. In the methodology, bibliographical research was used to search for information on the analytical categories: informal mining, social representation and domains of life. In addition, qualitative research and the case study were used, being carried out interview with the authorities and families of the Huamachuco, to identify the situation of domains of life "before and after the mining". These data were analyzed a descriptive statistics and by Alceste program. The results show that, the city of Huamachuco was benefited by mining in the economic aspect with mining (generation of income and employment) but produced conflicts and negative impacts on the environment, with increase of diseases. With respect to the domains of life: the increase of income improved the domains of housing and education, as well as increased the number of free hours destined to leisure activities, but in turn damaged the domains related to well-being, physical security, aspects of the environment and health. It is concluded that mining has a limited contribution to the quality of life of families, because, despite the increase in income, the work is unstable, with negative impacts on the environment and human health. There is a need, therefore, to take advantage of the economic growth generated by the mining activity with the development of long-term and sustainable actions and strategies, through a more effective and participatory local management. / La minería informal/ilegal está presente en todas las regiones del Perú, con mayor concentración en el Cusco, Madre de Dios y Puno. Este sector extractivo, experimentó a finales de los años 80 un nuevo crecimiento vinculado a factores diversos, como la liberalización del mercado de materias primas, el aumento de los precios de los minerales y la escasez de oportunidades de trabajo en otros sectores. Además, es importante destacar su importancia social, pues muchas familias recurren a estas actividades como único medio de subsistencia para sus comunidades en situaciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad social. De esta forma, el problema de investigación está pautado, no solamente con el crecimiento expresivo de la minería informal/ilegal en Perú, sino también, en sus interferencias sobre los dominios de vida de las familias. En este sentido, el objetivo fue analizar el escenario minero informal, bien como sus implicaciones sobre la calidad de vida de las familias de Huamachuco, Departamento de la Libertad, Perú. En la metodología se hizo uso de la investigación bibliográfica para buscar informaciones sobre las categorías analíticas: minería informal, representación social y dominios de vida. Además se hizo uso de la investigación cualitativa y del estudio de caso, siendo realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas con las autoridades y las familias de Huamachuco, buscando identificar la situación de los dominios de la vida “antes y después de la minería”. Estos datos fueron analizados por la estadística descriptiva y por el programa Alceste. Los resultados evidencian que, con el avance del capitalismo, la ciudad de Huamachuco fue beneficiada por la minería en el aspecto económico (generación de ingresos y empleo), pero ha producido conflictos e impactos negativos en el medio ambiente, con aumento del número de enfermedades, lo que refleja en un desarrollo local viciado. Con respecto a los componentes de vida: el aumento del ingreso mejoró los dominios relativos a la habitación y educación, bien como el aumento de horas libres destinadas al ocio; pero, a su vez, perjudicó los dominios relacionados al bienestar, seguridad física, aspectos del medio ambiente y salud. Se concluye que la minería tiene una limitada contribución en la calidad de vida de las familias, pues, a pesar de propiciar el aumento de los rendimientos, el trabajo es inestable, con reflejos negativos sobre el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas. Hay una necesidad, por lo tanto, de aprovechar el crecimiento económico generado por la actividad de minería con el desarrollo de acciones y estrategias de largo plazo y sostenibles, por medio de una gestión local más efectiva y participativa.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-16T15:30:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1374379 bytes, checksum: 55bce959a9df2e887057b0b077fbe299 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T15:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1374379 bytes, checksum: 55bce959a9df2e887057b0b077fbe299 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A informalidade no mercado de trabalho é um tema que suscita debates em diferentes países e contextos, em grande parte devido à ausência de consenso tanto no que se refere à definição do termo quanto dos seus reflexos sobre o mercado de trabalho. O Brasil apresenta disparidades regionais significativas, especialmente no que tange aos indicadores de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Níveis diferenciados de reprodução do capital e regulação institucional efetiva condicionam a configuração do mercado de trabalho em cada região do país. Esse contexto de disparidades socioeconômicas abre espaço para análise comparada da informalidade e o diferencial de rendimento no mercado de trabalho. Dessa forma, o presente estudo analisou a diferença de rendimento entre trabalhadores formais e informais nas Regiões Metropolitanas do Brasil. Para tanto, foi definido como setor informal os trabalhadores que se autodeclararam por conta própria, exceto as ocupações de profissionais liberais, e os empregados sem carteira assinada. Por outro lado, o setor formal ficou constituído pelos empregados assalariados com carteira assinada (domésticos ou não), funcionários públicos e militares, empregadores e profissionais liberais. Na metodologia, foi utilizada a equação minceriana estimada pelo método de regressão quantílica, apresentado originalmente por Koenker e Basset (1978) e a decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder no contexto de regressão quantílica. Quanto ao modelo de regressão quantílica, os resultados obtidos, particularmente para a educação, apresentaram indícios da ocorrência de segmentação em termos de retornos aos atributos produtivos. Apesar dos trabalhadores informais apresentarem retornos ao capital humano semelhantes aos trabalhadores formais na base da distribuição de rendimentos, chegando em alguns casos a ter relativamente mais vantagens. Em relação à decomposição da diferença salarial formal / informal por RM’s, os resultados mostraram que na parte inferior dos quantis, o efeito coeficiente de distribuição explicou a maior parte da abertura de salário independentemente das RM’s. Isso evidencia a segmentação marcada neste ponto da distribuição. Por outro lado, a diferença salarial existente no topo da distribuição para algumas regiões metropolitanas foi explicada apenas pelo efeito característica, enquanto em outras RM’s principalmente as do Sudeste e Sul, apresentaram segmentação no topo da distribuição, explicado em parte pelo efeito coeficiente. Os resultados para as RM’s do Nordeste e Norte indicaram que os trabalhadores informais que estão localizados no quantil 90 escolhem trabalhar no setor informal por possuir benefícios que eles não teriam se tivessem em outro setor. Portanto, através do modelo de decomposição quantílica foi possível perceber as diferenças de rendimentos verificadas entre trabalhadores formais e informais, o que indica a ocorrência de segmentação. / Informality in the labor market is an issue that raises debates in different countries and contexts, largely due to the lack of consensus both regarding the definition of the term and its effects on the labor market. Brazil has significant regional disparities, especially with respect to socio-economic development indicators. different levels of reproduction of capital and effective institutional regulation affect the labor market structure in each region of the country. This context of socioeconomic disparities opens space for comparative analysis of informality and the yield differential in the labor market. Thus, the present study analyzed the yield difference between formal and informal workers in the metropolitan areas of Brazil. Thus, it was defined as informal sector workers declared themselves on their own, except liberal occupations, and unregistered workers. On the other hand, the formal sector was made up of salaried employees with a formal contract (domestic or not), civil and military officials, employers and professionals. The methodology was used to mincerian equation estimated by quantile regression method, originally presented by Koenker and Basset (1978), and the decomposition of Oaxaca-Blinder in the context of quantile regression. As for the model of quantile regression, the results obtained, particularly for education, presented the occurrence of segmentation indications in terms of returns to productive attributes. Although informal workers submit returns to human capital similar to formal workers at the bottom of the income distribution, reaching in some cases to have relatively more advantages. Regarding the decomposition of formal / informal pay gap MRI's, the results showed that the bottom of the quantile, the coefficient distribution effect explained most of the opening wage regardless of MRI's. This highlights the segmentation marked this point of distribution. On the other hand, the existing wage gap at the top of the distribution for some metropolitan areas was explained only by the characteristic effect, while in other RM's mainly the Southeast and South, had targeted the top of the distribution, explained in part by the coefficient effect. The results for the RM's of the North and Northeast indicated that informal workers are located in quantile 90 choose to work in the informal sector because it has benefits that they would not have had in another sector. So through the quantile decomposition model it was possible to see the income differences observed between formal and informal workers, which indicates the occurrence of segmentation.

South Africa has a long history of linguistic imbalances in senior secondary schools. In the past, learners in township schools were made to use English for teaching and learning, instead of their indigenous home languages. There are 11 official home languages in South Africa. In order to redress these past injustices in educational provision, the government developed the Language In Education Policy to work as a guideline for the formulation and implementation of school language policy in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The government indicated that school governing bodies (SGBs) should establish language committees in an attempt to solve the language policy issues in schools and redress past inequities. However, to date there has been no common practice by school language policy developers and implementers that indicates a common understanding of this activity and recognition of the national School Language Policy documents. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Bakgrund: Hemsjukvård är en växande och skiftande vårdform i Europa. De närståendes omvårdnadsinsatser är ofta avgörande för en fungerande hemsjukvård. Närståendevård kan samtidigt medföra risker för de närståendes hälsa. Styrdokument för hälso- och sjukvården betonar vikten av patientens och de närståendes delaktighet i vårdens utformning och utförande. Hemmet utgör en speciell vårdkontext, som visats påverka vårdpersonalens och patienternas upplevelser - troligen också de närståendes. Syfte: Att, i en europeisk kontext, beskriva de närståendes upplevelser av delaktighet i hemsjukvård. Metod: Litteraturöversikt av kvalitativa vetenskapsartiklar. Tre elektroniska databaser genomsöktes och elva studier, utgivna mellan 2013 och 2018, inkluderades. Genom kvalitativ dataanalys identifierades teman som präglade de närståendes upplevelser av delaktighet med hemsjukvården. Resultat: Analysen fann tre teman: de närstående utför omvårdnadsprocesser, de närstående griper efter hemsjukvården, samt vårdarnas makt över hopp och förtvivlan. Diskussion: Resultaten diskuterades utifrån Andersheds och Ternestedts teori om närståendes delaktighet. Studier om hopp och fasta vårdkontakter satte resultaten i kontext. De närståendes upplevda ansvar och resurser diskuterades som förutsättningar för delaktighet. / Background: Home health care comprises an increasing and diverse range of services throughout Europe. In order to work, these services often rely on care performed by informal caregivers. Informal care can entail risks to the relatives’ health. Legal and policy documents stress the importance of patients’ and relatives’ participation in health care decisions and delivery. The home as a care context has been found to influence the patients’ and health professionals’ experiences, and should be studied also from the relatives’ perspective. Aim: To describe informal caregivers’ experiences of participation in home health care, in a European context. Method: Review of qualitative literature. Three electronic databases were searched, and eleven studies, published between 2013 and 2018, were identified for inclusion. Through qualitative content analysis, themes that defined the informal caregivers’ experiences of participation were identified. Results: Three themes were formulated: relatives perform care processes, relatives grasp at the home health care service, and care professionals mediate hope and despair. Discussion: The results were discussed in relation to Andershed’s and Ternestedt’s theory of relatives’ involvement. Studies of hope and case management contextualized the findings. The informal caregivers’ perceived responsibility and resources were discussed as conditions of participation.

This study aims to investigate learning practices within Time Banks in Spain. Time Banking is a community currency concerned with the exchange of services between members using time as the currency. Parallels can be drawn with Ivan Illich’s ‘Skills Exchange’ model in Deschooling Society (1971b) and this provides the initial motivation for the study of Time Banks from an educational perspective, which is identified as a gap in the literature. Moving on from Illich, the investigation of Time Banks is considered in relation to the wider context of Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society. The heterogeneity of Time Bank models in Spain motivates a comparative research design based on differing organisational logics, whilst the exploratory nature of investigating Time Banks as spaces of learning motivates a case study methodology in order to gain a contextualised understanding of the problem. The study finds that the Time Banks are built on principles of Mutual Aid (Kropotkin, 1902) and, whilst practices and values resonate somewhat with Illich’s critiques of modernism, a skills exchange model does not best represent the learning that takes place in Time Banks. Furthermore, this research finds that in all three Time Banks, the exchange of services forms only a small part of overall activities. Additional activities provide opportunities for the exchange of skills and knowledge between participants. However, the learning highlighted as more important by TB users is learning to participate. That is, learning solidarity and personal and social skills through active participation in the Time Bank. These findings are then positioned within the context of radical adult education and future lines of inquiry are identified.

The research project takes a hard look into the linguistic challenges faced by foreign migrant workers and informal traders in Gauteng province, South Africa. The research makes a panoramic view into the linguistic challenges faced by foreign migrant workers and informal traders. The focus of the research is on the challenges regarding language use in business domains. It dissects into business communication dynamics and the cultural contexts in the developing economies of Southern Africa. The study focused on finding out language challenges for immigrants as a consequence of migration. The research undertakes to discover language policy frameworks operating in industries and informal business environment in Gauteng. It seeks to establish the strategies that could be used to solve the language problems faced by foreign migrants taking into consideration that most of the immigrants in the construction industry and informal sector are semi-literate or illiterate. In other words, the research explores alternatives and the different roles of different organizations in the approach to language challenges when doing business. The study attempts to make some recommendations that can rescue immigrant challenges. These include language training programmes and changing attitudes as they have to learn the indigenous languages used in Gauteng province. The discussion reviews the sociolinguistic aspects in view of the changing demands of the developing economies of Africa where languages are used as vehicles for economic development and technological innovation. It attempts to reflect on why European languages continue to dominate business operations in Africa while African languages remain marginalized. / African Languages / (D. Litt et Phil. (African Languages))

This study sought to analyse the role of foreign aid in poverty alleviation and economic development of Ghana from 1957 to 2008. Literature related to the study on foreign aid and economic development was reviewed to get an insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. The study adopted both primary and secondary sources of data to examine the concept of foreign aid, poverty reduction and economic development in Ghana. The study collected data using qualitative interviews consisting of open- and close-ended questions from the field. Content analysis involving the use of existing materials by researchers and the analyses of data originally collected by others was also relied on as a complement to the primary sources in the study. The study found that donor aid is not well coordinated in Ghana because of the proliferation of donor agencies in the country. Though aid is provided to the Ghanaian economy to address poverty and economic development challenges, the study found that foreign aid did not achieve the set objectives because of poor management of donor resources. This study, therefore, recommends that the informal economy should be promoted with funding from microfinance as an alternative to donor-driven development to effectively harness the natural resources in the country for development. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

MATOS, Dorenildo Domingues. Educação, escola e habitus: um estudo das práticas informais na escola pública. 2013. 135f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-27T17:24:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-DDMATOS.pdf: 2876099 bytes, checksum: 68ea03401637cc577601dc2ace319c49 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-28T13:06:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-DDMATOS.pdf: 2876099 bytes, checksum: 68ea03401637cc577601dc2ace319c49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-28T13:06:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-DDMATOS.pdf: 2876099 bytes, checksum: 68ea03401637cc577601dc2ace319c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This is a study of informal practices in Brazilian public schools, based on Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice (2009), which proposes that the social logic is guided by ordination principles, “structuring structures”, neither a full conscious product nor an unconscious one. Therefore, analyzing the everyday school means trying to comprehend which are the ordination principles that rule this specific universe. Aiming to investigate the relation between Education and informal practices, this research had as a field a public school of primary and secondary education on the periphery of Fortaleza — having in mind the preservation of the institution, its name was omitted in this work. This way, all the agents of school community like directors, teachers, employees and students are subjects in the present investigation, which core is composed by the following questions: Which are the implications of the informal practices on the everyday of a public school? Which is the place of formal and informal on the debate about the Brazilian character? Why informal practices and not jeito, jeitinho or jeitão? Which is the relation between Education and informality? Which are the historical, social and economical contexts of the mentioned school? Which is the relation between the surrounding of this institution and the informal practices? What informal practices are and which is their relation with the habitus concept? In sum: Which is the place of the informal practices in a formal institution of public education in Brazil? The investigation of the everyday in the referred school indicated a chronic dependence of informal strategies in order to guarantee the institutional functioning (administration) as well as the ordinary activities, namely: the classes, the cultural and sportive activities, the science fairs, the outdoor classes etc. The present work proposes that the informal practices operate as habitus (2009), it means, a diffuse institution (DOUGLAS,1998) which works both in order to guarantee the rituals (MACLAREN,1992) of the school and to function as a culture against it (WILLIS, 1991). The research was financed by public resources through CNPq. / Trata-se de um estudo sobre práticas informais na escola pública brasileira, orientado pela teoria do Senso Prático, de Pierre Bourdieu (2009), pautada na ideia de que lógica social da ação orienta-se por princípios ordenadores, por “estruturas estruturantes”, não sendo esta um produto nem consciente, nem inconsciente plenamente. Portanto, analisar o cotidiano escolar, significa buscar compreender por quais princípios ordenadores aquele universo específico rege-se. Tendo por objetivo investigar a relação entre Educação e práticas informais, a pesquisa teve por campo uma instituição pública de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, localizada na periferia do município de Fortaleza, sendo seu nome preservado para fins deste trabalho cientifico. Neste viés, todos agentes da comunidade escolar gestores, professores, servidores e alunos, são sujeitos desta investigação, que parte das seguintes questões: quais as implicações das práticas informais no cotidiano de uma escola pública? Qual o lugar do formal e do informal no debate sobre o caráter do brasileiro? Por que práticas informais e não jeito, jeitinho ou jeitão? Qual a relação entre Educação e informalidade? Em que contexto histórico e socioeconômico a escola se localiza? Qual a relação entre o entorno, a escola e as práticas informais? O que são práticas informais e qual a sua relação com o conceito de habitus? Em suma: Qual o lugar das práticas informais num instituição formal de ensino público brasileiro? A investigação do cotidiano da instituição e de seus agentes indicou uma dependência crônica de estratégias informais para garantir o funcionamento institucional (administrativo) da escola, bem como de suas atividades ordinárias: as aulas, as atividades culturais, esportivas, as feiras de ciência, aulas de campo. O trabalho, avalia que as práticas informais operam como habitus (2009), uma instituição difusa (DOUGLAS,1998) que ora garante os rituais (MACLAREN,1992) da instituição escolar, ora funcionam como cultura contra-escolar (WILLIS, 1991). A pesquisa foi financiada com recursos públicos, via CNPq.