El Instituto Nacional de Salud ente encargado del desarrollo y difusión de la investigación científica–tecnológica y a la prestación de servicios de salud en los campos de la salud pública. Es una institución líder en vigilancia que monitorea aquellas enfermedades sujetas a vigilancia y cuyos procesos se deben mantener óptimos para gestionar grandes volúmenes de información en corto tiempo y lograr indicadores que contribuyan a la toma de decisiones en el sector salud. Ante esto nuestro trabajo de investigación propone una Arquitectura Empresarial para optimizar el proceso de vigilancia en salud del Instituto Nacional de Salud, el alcance de la propuesta es proponer el modelo de arquitectura empresarial para el proceso de Vigilancia en Salud del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Este modelo base, podrá implementar los procesos operativos e integrar los componentes actuales de TI, haciendo uso óptimo de los recursos humanos y reduciendo costos. Cabe resaltar que la información utilizada para construir el presente documento fue obtenida del Portal Web del INS, de Boletines Institucionales, páginas Web y documentos de investigación publicados en internet. / The National Institute of Health, entity in charge of the development and dissemination of scientific-technological research and the provision of health services in the fields of public health. It is a leading institution in epidemiological surveillance that monitors those diseases subject to surveillance and whose processes must be kept optimal to manage large volumes of information in a short time and achieve indicators that contribute to decision-making in the health sector. Given this, our thesis proposes a Business Architecture to optimize the health surveillance process of the National Institute of Health, the scope of the proposal is to propose the business architecture model for the Health Surveillance process of the National Institute of Health. This base model will be able to implement operational processes and integrate current IT components, making optimal use of human resources and reducing costs. It should be noted that the information used to build this document was obtained from the INS Web Portal, Institutional Bulletins, Web pages and research documents published on the Internet. / Trabajo de investigación

Denna uppsats bygger på en kvantitativ studie med syftet att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar millennials attityd till olika informationskällor vid bokning av boende vid resa. Ytterligare kommer betydelsen av eWOM i valet av informationskälla belysas med målet att undersöka om det är en faktor som påverkar förtroendet för informationskällan. Följande forskningsfrågor utformades för att undersöka studiens syfte; “Hur ser millennials resvanor ut och vilka informationskällor använder de för bokning av boende vid resa?”, “Vilka faktorer påverkar millennials attityd mot olika informationskällor online?” samt “Hur ser millennials förtroendet till eWOM kommunikation ut på olika informationskällor?”. Empiriska data samlades in genom en enkätundersökning online bestående av frågor avseende respondenternas resvanor och boendevanor vid utlandsresa. Enkäten innefattade även frågor om respondenternas objektiva förtroende till eWOM på olika informationskällor samt frågor om källans upplevda trovärdighet och informationskvalité. Enkäten skickades ut via sociala medier och totalt 57 personer deltog i undersökningen. De viktigaste fynden var att faktorer inom källtrovärdighet visade sig ha en signifikant positiv effekt på millennials attityd till att använda informationskällorna generella sökmotorer, resebyråer online och recensionshemsidor. Slutsatserna dragna från studien är att källtrovärdighet har en positiv effekt på millennials attityd gentemot några av informationskällorna samt att förtroendenivån för eWOM varierar beroende på vilken informationskälla det publiceras på. Studien har bland annat bidragit till att ge läsaren en inblick i hur förtroendet för informationskällor ser ut och eWOM används i köpprocessen vid bokning av boende vid resa. / This thesis is based on a quantitative study with the purpose to investigate the factors influencing millennials attitude toward different sources of information when booking accommodation abroad. Further, the importance of eWOM in the selection of information sources will be investigated to examine whether it is a factor affecting the trust towards an information source. The following research questions were constructed to investigate the purpose of the study; "What do millennials’ travel habits look like and what information sources do they use to book accommodation abroad?", "What factors affect millennials' attitudes toward different sources of information online?" and "What do millennials trust in eWOM communication look like on different sources of information?". Data was collected with an online survey consisting of questions about the respondents traveling and accommodation habits abroad, their objective trust towards eWOM on different information sources as well as questions about the source’s credibility and information quality. The survey was sent out via social media platforms and 57 people in total participated. The most important findings were that factors found in source credibility had a significant positive effect on millennials attitude toward using information source general search engines, travel agencies online, and review websites. The conclusions drawn from this study is that source credibility has a positive effect on millennials attitude towards some information sources and that the level of trust for eWOM messages varies depending on which information source they are published on. The study contributes by giving the reader an insight into what consumers trust towards different information sources looks like and how eWOM is used in the consumer's buying process when booking accommodation abroad.

The present research seeks to increase understanding of cognitive dissonance by exploring the various information sources that may influence the negative feelings that may arise during post-purchase evaluation. Specifically, the author focuses on the impact of consumer opinion seeking, traditional media search, internet search and social media search on cognitive dissonance by employing two studies. In Study 1, depth interviews are collected and analyzed in an effort to gain more insight into the search process and consumers perceptions of the helpfulness and credibility of different information sources. Categories of information sources, categories of which sources were deemed most helpful or credible, and categories of post-purchase evaluations as they relate to cognitive dissonance are drawn from the interviews. Conclusions are drawn from this analysis and a proposed model is provided informed by the emergent categories. The development of hypotheses is also discussed. Study 2 explores the impact of credibility of sources within social media on online furniture purchase decisions. A survey is developed to empirically examine the relationships represented in the model. A pretest is conducted with a sample of 207 respondents. The results of the pretest are used to make changes to the survey instrument for the main study. The main study is conducted using three samples of participants that gained information from one of three sources of information: 1) friends and family member, 2) retailer or 3) other individual (“others”) the participant does not know personally. The findings from the main study indicate that trustworthiness of the source positively impacts consumers’ perceptions of source credibility. Moreover, the results from each of the three samples also provide evidence that cognitive dissonance is less likely to occur when consumers have a positive attitude toward source of information. These findings are especially relevant for retailers as they should develop strategies to enhance trust among their customers in order to increase perceived credibility. In the same vein, retailers should focus on crafting approaches that foster favorable customer attitudes in order to reduce the occurrence of cognitive dissonance. Additional results of the main study are presented along with managerial implications and ideas for future research.

This master's thesis focuses on the credibility of social media as news sources in journalistic practices in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on the sociological conceptualization of trust put forward by Niklas Luhmann and Piotr Sztompka and its modern adaptation by media scholars, e.g. Thorsten Quandt. The aim of this work has been to find out through thirteen substantive, one- on-one interviews with readers of the print and online media editions of Krkonošský deník how the credibility of news stories depend on the information sources used. The thesis includes the theoretical part that is based on the theoretical conceptualization of trust: from the main concepts and conflict topics to the journalistic practices that should ensure trustworthiness and audiences' perceptions of trustworthiness. The Methodology section describes the area of qualitative research and related procedures, which include a detailed description of the data collection method, which is a semi-structured, in-depth interview, and the characteristics of the research sample. In findings the results of the research from the data obtained through interviews conducted with respondents are interpreted. The conclusion of the thesis is dedicated to summarizing the research results.

This study was conducted on the premise that if quality business information is provided to business enterprises, socio-economic transformation could be achieved. The study emanated from the documented problem where business enterprises in northern Uganda were found to depend on "word of mouth" rather than any meaningful formal mechanism for accessing information efficiently. The aim of the study was, therefore, to design an information system for northern Uganda business enterprises. The study makes use of document analysis, questionnaires and interviews. The Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs), information providers and business policy-makers in northern Uganda constituted the population of the study. The data which was collected was edited and analysed to produce graphs, charts and percentages. The main findings indicate that business activities in northern Uganda are diverse - covering almost the entire sector of the economy. The SMEs need information on finance/capital/loans, local markets, business management skills, appropriate technologies, business competitors and security. They are lagging behind in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). There is a lack of familiarity with changing technology - especially the Internet. Although the SMEs are making a fundamental contribution to Uganda's economy, they face serious challenges, such as insecurity, inadequate electricity, lack of trained information professionals and appropriate technology to access electronic information. The findings further indicate that respondents want business information to be selective to address their needs. The study concludes that the SMEs need an efficient, effective mechanism to provide the required business information. Hence, it is recommended that a business information system (BIS) design be implemented to address their needs. The BIS should provide business information in terms of legal, technical and economic information as well as contact information and management skills. Information should be processed by means of radio broadcasts, the telephone, short text messages, posters, online and CD-ROM formats - as required by the SMEs managers. To facilitate access, BIS should have telephone services; Internet-based services; online small business workshops; business start up assistant; and Talk to BIS services. BIS should have a flexible interface. / INFORMATION SCIENCE / DLITT ET PHIL (INF SCIENCE)

The purpose of this study was to critically analyse the evidence-based revelations from the South African Office of the Auditor-General on the records management challenges being encountered in the local government sector. The aim of the study was the analysis of available evidence and the proposal of solutions for collaborative planning and implementation. The lack of strategic planning in ensuring the accessibility of authentic information sources required during auditing remains unchallenged by the South African public archivists and records managers. These audit reports are required to demonstrate governance, transparency and accountability. This information held in the records of local government is also required to satisfy service delivery and plan development ventures. The World Bank, International Monetary Fund and United Nations formulated an ambitious agenda to eradicate world poverty by 2025. Eight millennium development goals were identified that would provide impoverished communities with better access to basic services and conditions spurring sustainable development. Governance-based criteria were identified as barometers to gauge transparency, accountability, respect for the rule of law and citizens’ rights. Consolidated audited reports from 2000 to 2013 were scrutinised to unravel the conundrums relating to governance, transparency and the management of public sector information sources. According to the 2013 report, only 5% of the local government sector managed to attain clean audits. Related evidence revealed in the unclean audit reports and media narratives related to service delivery and community protests. The approach used for the study was the qualitative methodology, regarded as an appropriate method for the archival discipline. This research method allowed for the incorporation of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields of interest. The case study method design enabled the focus of the study to be on local governments and six selected community development ventures in different areas of South Africa. The latter method enabled information collection from records officials and persons involved with socio-economic development projects. Sound interventions are needed to ensure evidence-based governance. This, in turn, would create favourable conditions for development endeavours in post-apartheid South Africa. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Quand des humains cherchent des informations au sein de bases de connaissancesou de collections de documents, ils utilisent un système de recherche d’information(SRI) faisant office d’interface. Les utilisateurs doivent alors transmettre au SRI unereprésentation de leur besoin d’information afin que celui-ci puisse chercher des documentscontenant des informations pertinentes. De nos jours, la représentation du besoind’information est constituée d’un petit ensemble de mots-clés plus souvent connu sousla dénomination de « requête ». Or, quelques mots peuvent ne pas être suffisants pourreprésenter précisément et efficacement l’état cognitif complet d’un humain par rapportà son besoin d’information initial. Sans une certaine forme de contexte thématiquecomplémentaire, le SRI peut ne pas renvoyer certains documents pertinents exprimantdes concepts n’étant pas explicitement évoqués dans la requête.Dans cette thèse, nous explorons et proposons différentes méthodes statistiques, automatiqueset non supervisées pour la représentation du contexte thématique de larequête. Plus spécifiquement, nous cherchons à identifier les différents concepts implicitesd’une requête formulée par un utilisateur sans qu’aucune action de sa part nesoit nécessaire. Nous expérimentons pour cela l’utilisation et la combinaison de différentessources d’information générales représentant les grands types d’informationauxquels nous sommes confrontés quotidiennement sur internet. Nous tirons égalementparti d’algorithmes de modélisation thématique probabiliste (tels que l’allocationde Dirichlet latente) dans le cadre d’un retour de pertinence simulé. Nous proposonspar ailleurs une méthode permettant d’estimer conjointement le nombre de conceptsimplicites d’une requête ainsi que l’ensemble de documents pseudo-pertinent le plusapproprié afin de modéliser ces concepts. Nous évaluons nos approches en utilisantquatre collections de test TREC de grande taille. En annexes, nous proposons égalementune approche de contextualisation de messages courts exploitant des méthodesde recherche d’information et de résumé automatique / When searching for information within knowledge bases or document collections,humans use an information retrieval system (IRS). So that it can retrieve documentscontaining relevant information, users have to provide the IRS with a representationof their information need. Nowadays, this representation of the information need iscomposed of a small set of keywords often referred to as the « query ». A few wordsmay however not be sufficient to accurately and effectively represent the complete cognitivestate of a human with respect to her initial information need. A query may notcontain sufficient information if the user is searching for some topic in which she is notconfident at all. Hence, without some kind of context, the IRS could simply miss somenuances or details that the user did not – or could not – provide in query.In this thesis, we explore and propose various statistic, automatic and unsupervisedmethods for representing the topical context of the query. More specifically, we aim toidentify the latent concepts of a query without involving the user in the process norrequiring explicit feedback. We experiment using and combining several general informationsources representing the main types of information we deal with on a dailybasis while browsing theWeb.We also leverage probabilistic topic models (such as LatentDirichlet Allocation) in a pseudo-relevance feedback setting. Besides, we proposea method allowing to jointly estimate the number of latent concepts of a query andthe set of pseudo-relevant feedback documents which is the most suitable to modelthese concepts. We evaluate our approaches using four main large TREC test collections.In the appendix of this thesis, we also propose an approach for contextualizingshort messages which leverages both information retrieval and automatic summarizationtechniques

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-22T12:41:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA TEIXEIRA BALDINI.pdf: 3710864 bytes, checksum: 138420c4029a61f1d93cdc63b5865011 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-22T12:42:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA TEIXEIRA BALDINI.pdf: 3710864 bytes, checksum: 138420c4029a61f1d93cdc63b5865011 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Ropero (ana@espm.br) on 2017-11-22T13:00:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA TEIXEIRA BALDINI.pdf: 3710864 bytes, checksum: 138420c4029a61f1d93cdc63b5865011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T13:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA TEIXEIRA BALDINI.pdf: 3710864 bytes, checksum: 138420c4029a61f1d93cdc63b5865011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Evaluate buying process from consumer behavior perspective is key to develop effective marketing strategies. Its importance grows as the involvement increases and decision process is perceived as riskier and more complex, especially in the search for information. In this scenario, this dissertation presents an involvement measurement for a specific category purchase: light commercial vehicles. The target is to present also the decision style that the consumer adopts in the buying process, through a scale that captures cognitive and emotional factors, known as Consumer Styles Inventory or CSI. It is also evaluated the importance of recommendations sources as they play an important role in this context, impacting not only the style adopted, but also the final choice. Therefore, it is presented four consumer clusters, according to the styles adopted. It was highlighted involvement and importance of recommendations source in the buying process for the four groups. These goals were achieved through a survey collected from 311 Brazilian buyers of light commercial vehicles. The results confirm the relationship between the constructs decision styles and involvement, as well identifies the most important recommendation sources on the buying process, according to the four clusters. Management implications are also presented based not only on the analysis and results from the survey but also in the experience of field interviews. Based on analysis and results, it is recommended improvements on the scale due low internal consistency of four CSI factors. Besides that, opportunities related to further exploratory studies and transversal analysis are presented as relevant for the light commercial vehicle buying process. / Avaliar o processo de compra sob a perspectiva do comportamento do consumidor é fundamental para traçar estratégias de marketing efetivas. A importância dessa compreensão cresce na medida em que aumenta o envolvimento na compra, ou seja, a decisão é percebida como mais arriscada e o processo, mais complexo, principalmente no tocante à busca de informações. Nesse sentido, essa dissertação apresenta o mensuramento do envolvimento em uma compra de categoria específica: veículos comerciais leves. Busca-se explicitar o estilo que o mesmo adota nesse processo de decisão, por meio de uma escala que captura fatores cognitivos e emocionais, conhecida como Consumer Styles Inventory, ou CSI. Sabe-se que as fontes de recomendações têm papel importante nesse processo, impactando não somente o estilo adotado, mas também a escolha final. Assim, adicionalmente associou-se os estilos do consumidor, ao envolvimento e às fontes de recomendações importantes no processo de compra. Esses objetivos foram atingidos por meio de pesquisa quantitativa com uma amostra de 311 respondentes brasileiros consumidores de veículos comerciais leves, que gerou quatro grupos distintos de consumidores. Os resultados confirmaram o relacionamento entre os construtos estilos decisórios e envolvimento, bem como identificaram as fontes de informação mais importantes no processo de compra, apresentando-os de maneira segmentada. A aplicabilidade gerencial da dissertação é discorrida, a partir da pesquisa quantitativa, bem como a partir da experiência de entrevistas presenciais. Baseando-se nas análises e resultados, sugerem-se melhorias da escala para a categoria de produto, devido a baixa consistência interna de quatro fatores do CSI. Além disso, oportunidades relacionadas a estudos exploratórios e transversais são apresentados como relevantes para o contexto de compra de veículos comerciais leves.

Bakgrund: Ungdomars sexuella och reproduktiva hälsa och rättigheter (SRHR) är ett viktigt folkhälsoarbete och barnmorskan har en central roll när det kommer till att nå ungdomarna med kunskap och information. Det förefaller finnas få studier om barnmorskors uppfattningar om vad ungdomar behöver veta mer om när det kommer till deras sexuella och reproduktiva hälsa och rättigheter. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva barnmorskors uppfattningar om vad ungdomar behöver veta mer om inom området sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med barnmorskor. Datamaterial analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Barnmorskorna uppfattade att ungdomarna hade behov av att veta mer om kroppsutveckling. Även mer om sexuellt överförbara infektioner (STI) och preventivmedel samt att killarna behövde veta mer om deras reproduktiva ansvar. Ungdomarna behövde också veta mer om sexuella relationer och rättigheter, innefattande bland annat lagar och homosexualitet. Barnmorskorna ser idag en ökning av sexuella problem bland ungdomarna och barnmorskorna hade en gemensam uppfattning om att det beror på pornografikonsumtion. Slutsats: Barnmorskor har insikt i vad ungdomar behöver veta mer om inom SRHR. Det finns fortfarande brister i undervisning och utbildning till ungdomar inom SRHR och det är angeläget att fokusera och investera i arbeten för att stärka och främja ungdomars SRHR. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Denna studie lyfter barnmorskors uppfattningar om vad ungdomar behöver veta mer om inom ämnet SRHR. Studien kan användas i klinisk verksamhet till förbättringsarbeten för olika yrkeskategorier som arbetar med ungdomar gällande SRHR. / Background: The sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of young people is an important public health work and the midwife has a central role in reaching the young people with knowledge and information. There seem to be few studies on midwives' perceptions about what young people need to know more about when it comes to their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the views of midwives about what young people need to know more about in the area of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Method: Qualitative interview study with eight semi-structured interviews with midwives. The data material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. Result: The midwives perceived that the young people needed to know more about body development. In addition, more about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and contraceptives and that the young men needed to know more about their reproductive responsibilities. The youth also needed to know more about sexual relations and rights, including, among other things, laws and homosexuality. The midwives today see an increase in sexual problems among young people and the midwives had a common view that this is due to pornography consumption. Conclusion: Midwives have insight into what young people need to know more about in SRHR. There are still shortcomings in education for young people within SRHR, and it is important to focus and invest in work to strengthen and promote young people's SRHR. Clinical application: This study highlights the views of midwives on what young people need to know more about in the subject of SRHR. The study can be used in clinical activities for improvement work for various occupational categories that work with young people regarding SRHR.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Dobelin.pdf: 938715 bytes, checksum: aedc3f94933d7611d05d90cbe562ba5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-13 / Strategy is a process that consists in define where are the organization in a internal, external and positional view. It also consists in define what are their objectives, what are the alternatives to reach then and which of then the organization will choose. This stage, where the organization choose one alternative among many others, acording to a objective is know how the decision making process, in this case, strategic decison making. To all this activities, information is a basic resourse, and once this information is related to bussines, this is called bussines information. Considering the benefits that this information can represent to the organizations, become very important identify the informations sources, what are the informations that these sources make available, what are theses informations attributes, basicly their quality, e what are the costs to obtain these informations. Because of this, was choosen the Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas like a geografic area to develop this study, by reason of theirs characteristics like dynamism, social, technological and economical development. In this region, where selected institutes that are sources of business information, having recognition and representativity in industry, commerce and sevices , or in representative business in region. Once selected the institutes, where identified one person in each, which are interviewed. In Campinas interviews where done in Sebrae, Acic and Fiesp/Ciesp. In Holambra, that is a city that produces flowers and plants, the interview was in Veiling Holambra. In Americana, which main activity is the textile industry, the interview was in Sinditec. Then, analizing this interviews was possible know what informations these sources make available e at which cost or difficultly to access and what are these information characteristics, and, through the studied bibliography, was possible to conclude how these informations can be important in the strategical process and in the decision making process in a organization. / A estrat?gia ? um processo que consiste em definir onde a organiza??o se encontra do ponto de vista interno, externo e de posicionamento. Ela consiste tamb?m em definir quais s?o os objetivos, quais as alternativas para alcan??-los e que alternativa a organiza??o ir? escolher. Essa etapa de escolha de uma alternativa entre v?rias de acordo com um objetivo ? conhecida como processo de tomada decis?o, e no caso, tomada de decis?o estrat?gica. Para todo esse conjunto de atividades a informa??o ? elemento fundamental, e por se tratar de informa??es relacionadas com as empresas, essas informa??es s?o conhecidas como informa??es para neg?cios. Em virtude dos benef?cios que essas informa??es podem representar para as organiza??es torna-se importante identificar fontes de informa??es, quais s?o as informa??es que elas disponibilizam, quais os atributos dessas informa??es, basicamente sua qualidade, e quais os custos para a obten??o dessas informa??es. Para tanto, foi escolhida a Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas como ?rea para estudo em virtude de suas caracter?sticas de dinamismo, desenvolvimento econ?mico, tecnol?gico e social. Nessa regi?o foram selecionadas as sociedades civis e entidades de classe que fossem fornecedoras de informa??o para neg?cios e que tivessem reconhecimento e uma boa representatividade dentro da ind?stria, com?rcio e servi?os ou em p?los representativos dentro da regi?o. Depois de selecionadas as institui??es, foram identificadas pessoas chaves dentro de cada uma delas, as quais foram entrevistadas. Assim, na cidade de Campinas foram feitas entrevistas no Sebrae, na Acic e na Fiesp/Ciesp. Na cidade de Holambra, que ? um p?lo de produ??o de flores e plantas ornamentais, a entrevista foi realizada no Veiling Holambra. Em Americana, cuja atividade que se destaca ? a ind?stria t?xtil foi feita entrevista no Sinditec. Ent?o, com a an?lise dessas entrevistas foi poss?vel identificar que informa??es essas fontes disponibilizam e qual o seu custo ou dificuldade de acesso e quais as suas caracter?sticas, e ainda, atrav?s da bibliografia estudada, p?de-se concluir de que forma essas informa??es poderiam ser relevantes na quest?o da estrat?gia e da tomada de decis?o numa organiza??o.