abstract: This study exmaines the effect of in-vehicle infotainment display depth on driving performance. More features are being built into infotainment displays, allowing drivers to complete a greater number of secondary tasks while driving. However, the complexity of completing these tasks can take attention away from the primary task of driving, which may present safety risks. Tasks become more time consuming as the items drivers wish to select are buried deeper in a menu’s structure. Therefore, this study aims to examine how deeper display structures impact driving performance compared to more shallow structures. Procedure. Participants complete a lead car following task, where they follow a lead car and attempt to maintain a time headway (TH) of 2 seconds behind the lead car at all times, while avoiding any collisions. Participants experience five conditions where they are given tasks to complete with an in-vehicle infotainment system. There are five conditions, each involving one of five displays with different structures: one-layer vertical, one-layer horizontal, two-layer vertical, two-layer horizontal, and three-layer. Brake Reaction Time (BRT), Mean Time Headway (MTH), Time Headway Variability (THV), and Time to Task Completion (TTC) are measured for each of the five conditions. Results. There is a significant difference in MTH, THV, and TTC for the three-layer condition. There is a significant difference in BRT for the two-layer horizontal condition. There is a significant difference between one- and two-layer displays for all variables, BRT, MTH, THV, and TTC. There is also a significant difference between one- and three-layer displays for TTC. Conclusions. Deeper displays negatively impact driving performance and make tasks more time consuming to complete while driving. One-layer displays appear to be optimal, although they may not be practical for in-vehicle displays. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Human Systems Engineering 2018

I dagens bilar implementeras allt fler inbyggda funktioner både i form av kommunikation och underhållning. Dessa funktioner tillför självklart mycket positivt men vad som inte alltid pratas om är vilka säkerhetsrisker de också medför då de kräver fokus av användaren ofta både visuellt, manuellt och kognitivt. Under bilkörning bör fokus från föraren allt som oftast ligga på vägen och därför gäller det att designa infotainment-system, det vill säga inbyggda funktioner som till exempel radio och GPS, som kräver så lite som möjligt från föraren. Denna studie testar ett nytt sätt att interagera med inbyggda funktioner under bilkörning genom att använda en ögonstyrd prototyp av ett infotainment-system för att se om man kan se snabb och intuitiv användning på detta sätt. Testet utförs i simulatormiljö och jämför två oberoende grupper med olika mycket inlärning om det aktuella systemet. Testdeltagaren fick under bilkörning i simulatorn utföra fyra olika uppgifter med det ögonstyrda infotainment-systemet. Efter testning analyserades hur lång tid varje uppgift sammanlagt krävde att deltagaren tittade bort från vägen samt hur långa varje ögonkast var. Resultatet visar på att det testade interaktionssättet fungerar tillfredsställande när funktionerna kräver förhållandevis lite tankeverksamhet och enkel interaktion. Man kan också se signifikanta skillnader mellan deltagare som har fått lära sig systemet jämfört med deltagare som inte fått någon inlärning om systemet. Detta skiljde sig i hur tidskrävande uppgifterna var för lite mer tankekrävande uppgifter.

Recent years have witnessed a significant change to vehicular user interfaces (UI). This is the result of increased functionality, triggered by the continuous proliferation of vehicular software and computer systems. The UI represents the integration point that must fulfil particular requirements for usability despite the increased functionality. A concurrent present trend is the substitution of federated systems with integrated architectures. The steadily rising number of interacting functional components and the increasing integration density implies a growing complexity that has an effect on system development. This evolution raises demands for concepts that aid the composition of such complex and interactive embedded software systems, operated within safety critical environments. This thesis explores the requirements related to composability of software components, based on the example of In-Car Multimedia (ICM). This thesis proposes a novel software architecture that provides an integration path for next-generation ICM. The investigation begins with an examination of characteristics, existing frameworks and applied practice regarding the development and composition of ICM systems. To this end, constructive aspects are identified as potential means for improving composability of independently developed software components that differ in criticality, temporal and computational characteristics. This research examines the feasibility of partitioning software components by exploitation of parallel hardware architectures. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the applicability of encapsulated scheduling domains. These are achieved through the utilisation of multiple technologies that complement each other and provide different levels of containment, while featuring efficient communication to preserve adequate interoperability. In spite of allocating dedicated computational resources to software components, certain resources are still shared and require concurrent access. Particular attention has been paid to management of concurrent access to shared resources to consider the software components' individual criticality and derived priority. A software based resource arbiter is specified and evaluated to improve the system's determinism. Within the context of automotive interactive systems, the UI is of vital importance, as it must conceal inherent complexity to minimise driver distraction. Therefore, the architecture is enhanced with a UI compositing infrastructure to facilitate implementation of a homogenous and comprehensive look and feel despite the segregation of functionality. The core elements of the novel architecture are validated both individually and in combination through a proof-of-concept prototype. The proposed integral architecture supports the development and in particular the integration of mixed-critical and interactive systems.

The graduation theses "Changes of daily Sport through 1999-2006" treats of changes, which this only published sport newspapers in the Czech republic, had to go through after it became the part of the Ringier publishing company in 2002 (till 2002 the publisher of the magazine Sport was the Czechoslovakian sport company). Ringier publishing, which also publishes the tabloid newspapers Blesk, has completely changed the concept of the Sport, graphics and even the personal constitution of the editor's office. Zbyšek Pechr, the exvice general editor of the tabloid newspapers, has become the general editor. Since 2002 you can see elements of infotainment, which means transparency between the informational and entertainment functions. This graduation thesis also covers the position of the Sport compare to other competitors on the czech media market, the internet version of the Sport, the Sunday Sport papers and the Friday Magazine.

Die Professur Technische Informatik der TU Chemnitz erforscht neuartige, innovative Anwendungsgebiete auf Basis der RFID Technologie. Durch die Installation von RFID-Toren an gebäudespezifischen Schlüsselpositionen und die Verwendung handelsüblicher RFID-Tags gelingt nicht nur eine Objektidentifikation sondern auch eine kostengünstige Lokalisierung auf Basis spezieller Algorithmen. In Kombination mit berührungsempfindlichen Displays konnte ein intelligentes und interaktives Gebäudeleitsystem umgesetzt werden. Durch eine zentrale Managementeinheit ist es nun möglich, zielgerichtet einzelne Displays anzusteuern und somit Richtungsangaben für den gewählten Bestimmungsort zu visualisieren. Zusatzinformationen sowie personalisierte Hinweise stehen bei Bedarf ebenfalls zur Verfügung. Mit Hilfe der Displays kann mit dem System interagiert werden. Änderungen des Bestimmungsortes durch den Nutzer sind somit jederzeit möglich. Zusätzlichen Komfort genießen Nutzer mit einem PDA oder Smartphone. Mobile Endgeräte können auf Basis einer entsprechenden Software auch ohne dedizierte Lokalisierungs-Hardware in den gewünschten Gebäudeabschnitt geleitet werden.

This thesis studies what the crucial aspects are when designing and developing an in-vehicle infotainment system for light vehicles that should both extend functionality and improve safety. In order to ground the research, innovations made in automotive infotainment systems are examined and a design for a light vehicle infotainment system that utilizes optical gesture based touch interaction is proposed. This is done with the goal to provide drivers of light vehicles with the same safety and usability improvements that drivers of cars can enjoy. A research through design approach together with heuristics and cognitive walkthrough enabled rapid design iterations to be made in order to produce a prototype to be tested. In the end, a design proposal was presented which showed that there are several similar ways of thinking that can be applied to light vehicle infotainment designs compared to its automotive counterparts. During the design process, the importance of a simple menu; animations to convey spatial connections; and notifications to lower the overall visual clutter were identified as key aspects of a safe and usable infotainment system. / Denna uppsats undersöker vilka de viktigaste aspekterna i designprocessen för nya infotainmentsystem är med fokus på utökad funktionalitet och säkerhet för lätta fordon. För att grunda undersökningen så studeras framsteg gjorda inom infotainmentsystem för bilar samt andra relevanta lösningar för lätta fordon. När detta är gjort presenteras en design för ett infotainmentsystemsomanvänderoptiskgest-baserad interaktion. Detta görs med målet att förare av lätta fordon ska få samma säkerhets- och användbarhetsförbättringar som bilförare idag har. En forskning genom design (research through design) approach tillsammans med kognitiv genomgång (cognitive walkthrough) och heuristiker möjliggjorde snabba iterationer i designprocessen. I slutändan presenterades ett designförslag som påvisade att det finns flera liknande sätt att tänka vid design för lätta fordon samt för bilar. Under processen framkom det bland annat att en simpel meny; animationer som framför rumsliga förhållanden; samt notifikationer för att minska den visuella belastningen blev identifierade som nyckelpunkter vid design av ett säkert och användbart infotainmentsystem.

No description available.

This paper explores how touch gestures with the help of audio feedback can be used to make touch screens easy to use and possible to interact with eyes-free in an in-vehicle context. Prototypes will be created and usability tested in order to investigate how the gestures and feedback performs in the context. These results will be discussed and analyzed and transformed into a few design principles that should be considered when designing gestures for use in an in-vehicle context.

The automotive industry is going through a massive transformation sparked by integrating emergingtechnologies within cars, such as automation and digital connectivity. These technologies were among theenablers of in-vehicle digital services. These services are deployed in the in-vehicle infotainment (IVI)system. While current IVI systems prioritize driver safety, they often overlook the needs of passengers forimmersive entertainment experiences. This oversight becomes especially critical as OEM companiestransition to level 4 autonomous cars, where driver distraction is no longer problematic. Therefore, thisthesis explores how automotive companies in Sweden will adapt their infotainment services when shifting tolevel 4 autonomous cars. An interpretive qualitative study is conducted with Polestar employees. Two mainthemes emerge 1) Current state of Digital Services in IVI Systems and 2) Future Directions of DigitalServices in IVI Systems within Level 4 Autonomous Vehicles. Findings highlight challenges faced by appdevelopers, adoption criteria for new technology, and strategies for future-proofing IVI digital services.Implications are discussed, and future directions of IVI digital services are proposed in the discussionsection. Finally, the manuscript concludes with suggestions for limitations and future research, inviting theaudience to contribute to the ongoing discourse.

With a more than ever increasing demand to interconnect smartphones with infotainment systems, Android Auto has risen in popularity with its services used in modern vehicles worldwide. However, as users progressively connect their smartphones to in-vehicle infotainment systems, the opportunity for malicious actors to endanger and access private data of Android Auto users advances as well. The goal with this thesis is to determine how secure Android Auto is for road use. The main research question is to figure out if Android Auto is susceptible to attacks that exploit certain vulnerabilities in the Android operating system. The research question was answered by creating several proof-of-concept attacks on Android Auto using an emulated infotainment system with mobile devices. An investigation was also conducted regarding the application’s communication channel between the mobile device and infotainment display. Results of this thesis demonstrate that several attacks are substantially severe to endanger drivers on the road. There is a great risk of successful exploits when running Android Auto locally on the phone without a connection to the infotainment system, and a lesser risk when connected to the infotainment system. Intercepting communication in the USB channel revealed an encryption algorithm whose version has published exploits and can be cracked to potentially exploit Android Auto. / I takt med en evigt ökande efterfrågan på att sammankoppla smarttelefoner med infotainmentsystem, har allt fler börjat använda Android Auto i sina fordon världen över. En bieffekt av att allt fler sammankopplar sina mobiler till infotainmentsystem, är att det leder till fler möjligheter för illvilliga parter att stjäla privat data och sätta Android Autoanvändares liv i fara. Målet med denna avhandling är att fastställa hur säkert Android Auto är i avseende till vägsäkerhet. Den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan är att lista ut om Android Auto kan attackeras av attacker som utnyttjar sårbarheter i Android operativsystemet. Forskningsfrågan besvarades genom att skapa flertal konceptattacker mot Android Auto användandes av ett emulerat infotainmentsystem och mobiltelefoner. En utredning utfördes även gällande applikationens kommunikationskanal mellan telefonen och infotainmentskärmen. Resultatet från denna avhandling demonstrerade att många attacker är tillräckligt allvarliga för att äventyra trafikanternas säkerhet. Det finns en avsevärd risk för framgångsrika attacker när Android Auto körs lokalt på telefonen utan en USB koppling till infotainmentsystemet, och en liten risk när telefonen är kopplad till infotainmentsystemet. Avlyssning och uppfångning av kommunikationen i USB kanalen visade att en krypteringsalgoritm vars version har existerande sårbarheter kan avkrypteras och utnyttjas för att potentiellt attackera Android Auto.