As a possible solution for environmental and social problems, car sharing is emerging. A number of studies have documented that personalization could increase convenience, comfort, and safety which becomes a shaping consumer trend, especially in cars. However, most studies in the field of personalization have only focused on privately-owned cars. This study set out to explore the personalization in shared cars. A usercentered approach was used. Nine user interviews were conducted to explore the problems of driving an unfamiliar car. Based on the interview results, the prototype of in-vehicle infotainment was designed which can exchange data with the mobile phone and provide personalized functions. Finally, the prototype was evaluated with 5 users with the Technology Acceptance Model to test the user acceptance. The prototype demonstrated the concept of exchanging personal information with the mobile phone. The frequently used functions on in-vehicle infotainment including calendar, navigation, and instruction were personalized in content and functionality. The evaluation results indicated that participants were possible to accept the prototype for its usefulness and ease of use but it should be noticed that privacy is an important issue when designing personalized functions. The findings presented in this thesis include the process and problems of driving an unfamiliar car, the possible approach for personal data exchange, the convenient personalized functions, and the user’s attitudes towards these personalized functions and privacy problems. / Som en reaktion på klimatförändringar och visionen om framtidens städer ökar intresset för bildelning. Ett antal studier har påvisat hur personalising värderas högt när det gäller bilanvändning. Dessa studier har dock bara fokuserat på privatägda bilar. Denna studie syftade till att utforska en mer personaliserad upplevelse av delade bilar med ett användarcentrerat tillvägagångssätt. Nio användarintervjuer genomfördes för att utforska problem som kan uppstå när man blir står inför att köra en okänd bil. Baserat på intervjuresultaten designades en prototyp för infotainmentsystemet tillsammans med en parkopplad mobiltelefonen och för att kunna erbjuda personaliserade funktioner till användaren. Slutligen utvärderades prototypen med 5 användare med tillvägagångsättet Technology Acceptance Model för att testa användarens acceptans. Prototypen visade konceptet att låta bilen få tillgång till personlig information från mobiltelefonen. De mest använda funktionerna på infotainmentsystemet i bilen inklusive kalender, navigering och instruktioner personaliserades i aspekterna innehåll och funktionalitet. Utvärdering och användartest visade att deltagarna uppskattade prototypen för dess användbarhet och användarvänlighet, men det bör noteras att integritet är en viktig fråga när man utformar personaliserade funktioner. Resultaten som presenteras i denna avhandling inkluderar processen och problemen med att köra en okänd bil, ett möjligt tillvägagångssätt för utbyte av personuppgifter, design och utvärdering av personaliserade funktioner och användarens attityder till dessa samt problematisering kring integritetsfrågor.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis deals with the transformation of the thematic structure of Události, the main news segment of the Czech Television. Apart from the changes in the thematic structure, it deals with formal transformations at the basic level. For the purpose of this work, a research sample, which included one week of broadcasting in 1994, 2005 and 2011, was selected. A total of 27 news segments, which contained 341 reportages, were analyzed in the three research periods. A subsequent comparison of data provided answers to the following questions: How did the ratio of foreign and domestic topics changed? How did the ratio of hard and soft news change within a single news segment? What was the thematic structure like in the three research periods? Was there a change in the thematic structure? How did the duration of the news segment Události change? How did the number of reportages change within a single news segment? How did the duration of actual reportages change? Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The social meaning of television news has been under transformation since the successes of cable news in the final years of the previous century. In their attempts to preserve viewership and to remain relevant, traditional broadcast news outlets increasingly emulate the conventions of cable news. Instead of retaining audiences, the result has been declining news content and a continued loss of viewers. Amid these industry transformations, the concept of “journalist” continues to undergo change. This evolution of the news allows for a decidedly unique response to news programming in The Daily Show With Jon Stewart. Though advertised as a half-hour comedy show, it has established itself as a consistent re-teller and producer of news, only possible in a postmodern era of journalism after objectivity. Amid the industry’s shift in priorities from objectivity and reporting to influencing, framing and re-telling the news, The Daily Show is considered as much an example of journalism as many of the shows currently in the news sphere. Although our society is currently saturated with information, this information often fails to penetrate the surface of the issues covered. Too much information is as paralytic as ignorance. Recently, attention has shifted towards a re-evaluation of television news into something that will both help the public find the information they are searching for and give them the tools to make sense of and utilize that information. This concept of journalism as tool is present in every episode of The Daily Show. The show encourages viewers to peel away the layers of mediation of traditional newscasts, to recognize substance and the lack thereof, and become active consumers of information rather than passive receptacles submersed in irrelevant information. The Daily Show proves that a news show can inform, entertain and teach audiences how to critically process television as an informational medium.

The social meaning of television news has been under transformation since the successes of cable news in the final years of the previous century. In their attempts to preserve viewership and to remain relevant, traditional broadcast news outlets increasingly emulate the conventions of cable news. Instead of retaining audiences, the result has been declining news content and a continued loss of viewers. Amid these industry transformations, the concept of "journalist" continues to undergo change. This evolution of the news allows for a decidedly unique response to news programming in The Daily Show With Jon Stewart. Though advertised as a half-hour comedy show, it has established itself as a consistent re-teller and producer of news, only possible in a post-modern era of journalism after objectivity. Amid the industry's shift in priorities from objectivity and reporting to influencing, framing and re-telling the news, The Daily Show is considered as much an example of journalism as many of the shows currently in the news sphere. Although our society is currently saturated with information, this information often fails to penetrate the surface of the issues covered. Too much information is as paralytic as ignorance. Recently, attention has shifted towards a re-evaluation of television news into something that will both help the public find the information they are searching for and give them the tools to make sense of and utilize that information. This concept of journalism as tool is present in every episode of The Daily Show. The show encourages viewers to peel away the layers of mediation of traditional newscasts, to recognize substance and the lack thereof, and become active consumers of information rather than passive receptacles submersed in irrelevant information. The Daily Show proves that a news show can inform, entertain and teach audiences how to critically process television as an informational medium.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The thesis is focused on linguistics, graphic and ideographic means associated with the process of tabloidization of current newspapers. The basic method for acquiring linguistic data was the analysis of headlines and articles of the tabloid Aha! and the reputable Právo daily. The pivotal part of the work lies in a description and assessment of linguistics and visual means in both journals. The aim is to identify the different (or. common) procedures when working with these funds in tabloid and reputable newspapers. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part explains the differences between tabloid and reputable text. I also briefly summarizes history of the tabloid press. The last chapter describes characteristics of selected journals. The practical part deals with analysis of reporters´ and journalistic texts. Great attention is paid to the lexical resources such as evaluating adjectives, expressive words, neologisms, colloquial language means, metaphors, idioms, allusions and puns. The final section highlights the tabloidization of Právo daily, which is reflected in the structure of the newspaper, the choice of topics and their treatment.

The aim of my work is to describe the penetration of entertainment into the news and the normative reflection of this phenomenon. In the first chapter I conceptualize the phenomenon and discuss the basic literature on the topic. In the subsection I present my concept of the relationship between infotainment and other media concepts from the most general to specific ones such as infotainment. Further, I describe the Czech normative reflection on three different levels: the theoretical debate, the professional debate within political discourse (in which I also include the activity of regulatory authorities), and the debate within journalistic discourse. In the second chapter I show methodological attempts at coping with the penetration of entertainment and I suggest a methodological approach for my own research. In the third chapter I describe historically the onset of the news paradigm in the Czech media landscape, the penetration of entertaining elements into it, and the increased interpretive power of journalists in the commercialized infotainment news. After the description of the Czech normative reflection of this phenomenon and the presentation of the research, I propose a new approach to examine the fusion of entertainment and news.

Denna uppsats är en fallstudie som handlar om infotainmentsystem och dess inverkan på trafiksäkerheten. Syftet är att uppsatsen ska exemplifiera hur ett infotainmentsystem kan främja trafiksäkerheten samt nyansera den övervägande negativa bild om infotainmentsystem relaterat till trafiksäkerhet som återfinns i mediala sammanhang. Forskningsfrågan som besvaras är: “Hur kan infotainmentsystem i olika situationer främja trafiksäkerheten?”. Författarna till uppsatsen har genom semistrukturerade intervjuer pratat med tre olika personer; Carl Zeidlitz från Motormännens Riksförbund, Joakim Lundvall från Swedspot samt Matts-Åke Belin från Trafikverket. Den empiriska data som genom intervjuerna har samlats in har analyserats utifrån en teoretisk ram om trafikantbeslut i olika nivåer; strategiska, taktiska och operativa. Datan har även analyserats utifrån Nollvisionen och ett systemtänkande där författarna presenterat en modell för hur ett infotainmentsystem, inom trafiksystemet, kan ha en positiv inverkan på trafiksäkerheten. Resultatet av uppsatsen visar hur infotainmentsystem i olika situationer, åtminstone med integration av varningssystem, kan främja trafiksäkerheten. I relation till den teoretiska ramen för trafikantbeslut är det tydligt att störst trafiksäkerhetsfrämjande potential för infotainmentsystem finns i att stödja föraren i de beslut som tas under den taktiska nivån. Infotainmentsystem tycks även ha potential att konvertera exempelvis operativa beslut till taktiska sådana.

abstract: Despite the various driver assistance systems and electronics, the threat to life of driver, passengers and other people on the road still persists. With the growth in technology, the use of in-vehicle devices with a plethora of buttons and features is increasing resulting in increased distraction. Recently, speech recognition has emerged as an alternative to distraction and has the potential to be beneficial. However, considering the fact that automotive environment is dynamic and noisy in nature, distraction may not arise from the manual interaction, but due to the cognitive load. Hence, speech recognition certainly cannot be a reliable mode of communication. The thesis is focused on proposing a simultaneous multimodal approach for designing interface between driver and vehicle with a goal to enable the driver to be more attentive to the driving tasks and spend less time fiddling with distractive tasks. By analyzing the human-human multimodal interaction techniques, new modes have been identified and experimented, especially suitable for the automotive context. The identified modes are touch, speech, graphics, voice-tip and text-tip. The multiple modes are intended to work collectively to make the interaction more intuitive and natural. In order to obtain a minimalist user-centered design for the center stack, various design principles such as 80/20 rule, contour bias, affordance, flexibility-usability trade-off etc. have been implemented on the prototypes. The prototype was developed using the Dragon software development kit on android platform for speech recognition. In the present study, the driver behavior was investigated in an experiment conducted on the DriveSafety driving simulator DS-600s. Twelve volunteers drove the simulator under two conditions: (1) accessing the center stack applications using touch only and (2) accessing the applications using speech with offered text-tip. The duration for which user looked away from the road (eyes-off-road) was measured manually for each scenario. Comparison of results proved that eyes-off-road time is less for the second scenario. The minimalist design with 8-10 icons per screen proved to be effective as all the readings were within the driver distraction recommendations (eyes-off-road time < 2sec per screen) defined by NHTSA. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2015