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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
501

L’efficience énergétique et les effets rebonds :déficiences théoriques et paradoxes pratiques / Energy efficiency and rebound effects: theoretical deficiencies and practical paradoxes

Wallenborn, Grégoire 02 September 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Les mesures d’efficience énergétique sont généralement promues pour combattre le changement climatique, assurer la sécurité énergétique, augmenter la compétitivité et en raison de leur bon retour sur investissement. Toutefois, si l’efficience énergétique des différents secteurs de la société (industrie, bâtiments, transports, appareils, etc.) s’améliore, la consommation d’énergie ne cesse également d’augmenter. Ce constat contrariant peut être partiellement expliqué par ce qu’on appelle l’« effet rebond ». Cet effet est traditionnellement défini comme le changement de comportement d’un utilisateur suite à l’amélioration de l’efficience énergétique de telle sorte que sa consommation d’énergie est supérieure à ce qui est prévu par un modèle d’ingénieur. L’amplitude de cet effet, particulièrement au niveau macro-économique, est toutefois controversée. De même, il n’y a pas d’accord sur la classification des effets rebonds. Cette thèse part de l’hypothèse que les controverses sur les effets rebonds proviennent du fait qu’ils peuvent se produire à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales, et que diverses disciplines capturent certains mécanismes car elles cadrent différemment leurs objets d’étude. Je montre que les mécanismes des effets rebonds peuvent être décrits comme la combinaison de deux efficiences. Premièrement, l’efficience énergétique mesure un rapport de production/consommation d’un individu (une machine ou un être vivant, par exemple). Deuxièmement, l’efficience temporelle mesure la vitesse à laquelle les activités de production/consommation sont menées (par une entité ou un ensemble d’entités). Lorsque les corps sont liés entre eux, notamment par des échanges de matière et d’énergie, une amélioration de l’efficience énergétique implique une augmentation de l’efficience temporelle. Cette augmentation n’est pas immédiate, mais elle est d’autant plus rapide que les corps ont à leur disposition des infrastructures qui permettent d’accéder à l’énergie. La combinaison des deux efficiences s’observe dans quatre cadres disciplinaires :écologie, technologie, économie néo-classique, sociologie des pratiques. En écologie, les deux efficiences procurent des avantages évolutifs, et sont appelés principes de la « production minimale d’entropie » et « puissance maximale ». Le développement technologique nous montre comment les deux efficiences se renforcent mutuellement via des réseaux de distribution et autres infrastructures. En économie néo-classique, l’efficience énergétique répond à la maximisation d’une fonction mal identifiée (profit ou utilité). En sociologie des pratiques, l’efficience temporelle joue un rôle majeur dans la multiplication des tâches déléguées à des machines — qui existent grâce à l’amélioration de leur efficience énergétique. En conclusion, ce n’est pas uniquement l’efficience énergétique qui est responsable des effets rebonds, mais sa combinaison avec l’efficience temporelle. Les effets rebonds dépendent de l’intensité des couplages colatéraux entre les machines et les corps. Habituellement ce couplage est estimé petit (il est totalement absent dans le cadre néo-classique). On peut pourtant contester cette hypothèse dans la mesure où ce couplage crée et multiplie les activités humaines. La part de la consommation exosomatique en comparaison à la consommation endosomatique montre l’ampleur de ce couplage. Pour limiter les effets rebonds, il convient de déconnecter les deux efficiences et les relations qui les renforcent. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
502

O sistema ferroviário mundial: o caso brasileiro / The world rail system: the Brazilian case

Fici, Ricardo Petrillo 25 August 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar e discutir a indústria ferroviária e sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico e com as transformações ocorridas no início do século XXI. A pesquisa foi feita através de consultas em revistas especializadas e textos de pesquisa econômica. A evolução do sistema capitalista ao longo dos séculos e as transformações políticas e econômicas permitiram a integração mundial e a evolução contínua dos meios de transporte. No processo da Globalização as transformações dos meios de transportes estão cada vez mais aceleradas e interdependentes com as novas tecnologias e formas de gerenciamento. A evolução dos transportes na Era da Globalização permitiu uma maior integração internacional e maior dinamismo da economia mundial. O Brasil apresenta sérios problemas de infraestrutura que prejudicam sua capacidade produtiva e comprometem seu crescimento econômico. Atualmente, um dos gargalos mais perceptíveis que impedem o crescimento da economia brasileira é a necessidade de ampliação e modernização dos meios de transportes de cargas para atender com qualidade a produção industrial e agrícola. Há mais de 60 anos, o Brasil priorizou as rodovias e hoje sofre com a falta de recursos financeiros para manter as estradas e ampliar as rotas para as regiões afastadas dos principais centros econômicos. Após o período de concessão dos transportes, muitas rodovias continuam precárias e sem perspectivas de melhoramentos em curto prazo. As ferrovias foram esquecidas por mais de meio século e os 28.000 km de estradas de ferro em funcionamento são insuficientes para atender a produção nacional. A malha ferroviária atual transporta aproximadamente 21% da produção do país a custos mais acessíveis. As concessões das ferrovias para o setor privado, iniciada no início dos anos 90 provocaram um aumento gradual na produtividade do setor, além de maiores inovações e quantidade de material rodante em trânsito. A ampliação das ferrovias requer maior vontade política do poder público para que setor esteja mais integrado na economia nacional e mundial. / This work of research had as objective to at the beginning investigate and to argue the railroad industry and its relation with the economic development and the occured transformations of century XXI. The research was made through consultations in specialized magazines and texts of economic research. The evolution of the capitalist system throughout the centuries and the transformations economic politics and had allowed to the world-wide integration and the continuous evolution of the ways of transport. In the process of the Globalization the transformations of the ways of transports are each time more sped up and interdependent with the new technologies and forms of management. The evolution of the transports in the Age of the Globalization allowed to a bigger international integration and bigger dynamism of the world-wide economy. Brazil presents serious problems of infrastructure that harm its productive capacity and compromise its economic growth. Currently, one of the gargalos more perceivable than hinders the growth of the Brazilian economy is the necessity of magnifying and modernization of the ways of load transports to take care of with quality the industrial and agricultural production. It has 60 years more than, Brazil prioritized the highways and today it suffers with the lack of financial resources to keep the roads and to extend the routes for the regions moved away from the main economic centers. After the period of concession of the transports, many highways continue precarious and without perspectives of improvements in short term. The railroads had been forgotten for more than half the 28,000 century and km roads. of iron in functioning they are insufficient to take care of the national production. The current railroad mesh approximately carries 21% from the production of the country the costs accessible. The concessions of the railroads for the private sector, initiated of years 90 had at the beginning provoked a gradual increase in the productivity of the sector, beyond bigger innovations and amount of rolling material in transit. The magnifying of the railroads requires greater will politics of the public power so that sector more is integrated in the national and world-wide economy.
503

Evaluation of the impact of adherence to project governance principles on the outcome of large infrastructure projects implemented in developing economies, with Nigeria as an example

Njoku, Anthony Iroegbu January 2014 (has links)
There is a strong perception that large infrastructure projects (LIPs) implemented in developing economies fail to meet their original estimations and specifications more than those implemented in developed economies. This situation results in weak infrastructural development in developing economies, which, has been associated with the poor industrial development in these countries. A literature review confirms that LIPs implemented in Nigeria failed to meet their original estimations and specifications more frequently than LIP implemented in countries such as UK or USA. The root causes identified in the review were mostly related to lack of project governance. Thus, a study of six LIP cases implemented in Nigeria was carried out. Data was generated from 30 senior management staff; 5 from each LIP; using interviews and questionnaires and a weak positivist philosophy was used in analysing this data. The analysis focused on identifying three factors; the adherence level to PGPs; the adherence to Project Management (PM) common practices; and impact of external factors on LIPs. The analysis shows that in projects with strong governance there was a tendency to use more project management tools and techniques and they performed better in meeting the original estimations of time, cost and performance against specification. The analysis also indicates that political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) factors have adverse effect on adherence to PGPs in Nigeria. This indicates that adhering to PGPs can help in improving the outcome of LIPs implemented in Nigeria, if PEST factors are controlled.
504

A plataforma rodoviária de Brasília: infraestrutura, arquitetura e urbanidade / The central platform: architecture, infrastructure and urbanity in Brasília

Martin Corullon 24 May 2013 (has links)
Esta dissertação procura, a partir do estudo da plataforma rodoviária de Brasília projetada pelo arquiteto e urbanista Lucio Costa, discutir questões acerca das relações entre infraestrutura, arquitetura, e a cidade. A plataforma rodoviária é um exemplo privilegiado de edificação em que se confundem o edifício arquitetônico e o sistema infraestrutural, e em que é possível avaliar o papel do desenho na produção de urbanidade, entendida como gradação da intensidade de interações entre pessoas e coisas em um determinado ambiente. A análise empreendida parte de uma abordagem ancorada na prática arquitetônica, afastando-se de leituras sociológicas, psicológicas ou puramente formais. São os aspectos materiais, descritos em detalhe, que permitem identificar a \"intenção\" da construção como simultaneamente articuladora das areas centrais do Plano Piloto e como estação rodoviária da capital do país. A partir de material iconográfico, são examinados o projeto original, as diferenças em relação ao projeto construído e desempenho do edifício hoje. Esta análise permite evidenciar problemas na construção, apontar para reformulações futuras, bem como reconhecer a generosidade do projeto em seu potencial de produção de urbanidade. / From the study of the central platform of Brasília, bus station and center of the city life at once, this dissertation seeks to discuss issues concerning the relationships between infrastructure, architecture and the city. Designed by the architect and urban planner Lucio Costa, author of Brasilia\'s urban plan, the platform is an example of building that blurs architecture and infrastructural system, and allows to investigate the role of design in the production of urbanity, understood as gradation of intensity of interactions between people and things in a certain environment. The analysis approach undertaken is rooted in architectural practice, away from sociological, psychological or purely formal readings of the urban facts. Materiality is described, identifying the \"intentions\" of a building that simultaneously articulates the central areas of Brasilia and acts as a metropolitan bus station for the capital of the country. Based on an iconographic research, the original design is examined, the differences regarding the design and as built and the performance of the building today. This analysis allows us to highlight problems in construction, point to future reformulations and acknowledge the generosity of the project in the production of potential of urbanity.
505

Weather-sensitive, spatially-disaggregated electricity demand model for Nigeria

Oluwole, Oluwadamilola January 2018 (has links)
The historical underinvestment in power infrastructure and the poor performance of power delivery has resulted in extensive and regular power shortages in Nigeria. As Nigeria aims to bridge its power supply gap, the recent deregulation of its electricity market has seen the privatisation of its generation and distribution companies. Ambitious plans have also been put in place to expand the transmission network and the total power generation capacity. However, these plans have been developed with essentially arbitrary estimates for prevailing demand levels as the network and generation limits mean actual demand cannot be measured directly due to a programme of almost constant load shedding; the managed and intermittent distribution of inadequate energy allocation from the system operator. Network expansion planning and system reliability analysis require time series demand data to assess generation adequacy and to evaluate the impact of daily and seasonal influences on the energy supply-demand balance. To facilitate such analysis this thesis describes efforts to develop a credible time series electricity demand model for Nigeria. The focus of the approach has been to develop a fundamental bottom-up model of individual households accounting for a range of dwelling characteristics, socioeconomic factors, appliance use and household activities. A householder survey was conducted to provide essential inputs to allow a portfolio of household demand models which can account for weather-dependence and other factors. A range of national and regional socioeconomic and weather datasets have been employed to create a regionally disaggregated time series demand model. The generated demand estimates are validated against metered data obtained from Nigeria. The value of the approach is highlighted by using the model to investigate the potential for future load growth as well as analyse the impact of renewable energy generation on the Nigerian grid.
506

Eficiência em concessões de infraestrutura: Benchmarking, Price-cap e o fator “x”

Medeiros, Felipe da Silva January 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho busca identificar, discutir e propor um método capaz de avaliar e comparar eficiência na gestão e operação da infraestrutura concedida. Com foco na busca por um método que permita auxiliar a regulação price-cap, propõe uma forma de cálculo para o fator “x” dos reajustes tarifários, fator vinculado ao desempenho das concessionárias de serviços públicos. Serão identificados os principais métodos matemáticos utilizados em estudos acadêmicos e na prática regulatória, para avaliação e comparação de eficiência, bem como apresentadas suas principais vantagens e desvantagens. Apresentar-se-á uma discussão sobre quais modelos regulatórios permitem o uso do benchmarking como ferramenta auxiliar na decisão e uma proposta de uso para o cálculo do fator “x”, utilizando os métodos da Análise Estocástica de Fronteira (SFA) e a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Ao final, a aplicação do modelo proposto, em estudo de caso com concessionárias de rodovias federais brasileiras, permitirá avaliar a aplicabilidade da ferramenta. O objetivo do benchmarking como ferramenta regulatória é incentivar a inovação e promover, artificialmente, a concorrência entre empresas em mercados naturalmente monopolistas, como o da infraestrutura de transportes. / This work tries to identify, discuss and propose a method to evaluate and compare management and operational efficiency in infrastructure concessions. Proposing a method to calculate the “x” factor from the price-cap regulation, this paper wants to promote the discussion about the performance of the public services concessionaries. Through the text we identify the two most used mathematics methods, in academic studies and practical regulation, to evaluate and compare performance. We discuss it advantages and disadvantages, proposing a combination of the two methods to make a benchmarking approach. After this, we use the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to make a case study about the Brazilian federal highways concessionaries. For it we use our proposed model to find the “x” factor, attempt to propose the benchmarking like a tool to promote innovation and to insert, artificially, competition, between companies, in monopolistic markets like the transport infrastructure.
507

Revealing Promising Pathways for Increasing Urban Ecosystem Services: An Approach Combining Stakeholder Priorities with Ecosystem Service Quantification

Elderbrock, Evan 11 January 2019 (has links)
Urban development diminishes the delivery of ecosystem services (ES), defined as benefits from ecological processes and functions critical to human health and well-being. Land-use planners and environmental managers are increasingly familiar with the concept of ES; however, methods for incorporating ES into urban planning are underdeveloped. While previous reports have identified the combination of ES quantification and stakeholder engagement as necessary for increasing the delivery of ES, methods of implementation remain unexplored. To address this disparity, this study combines ES quantification with perspectives from multiple stakeholders to identify specific land cover conversion scenarios that increase the delivery of ES in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon and compares each conversion scenario using an informed weighting system. The result is a method, with potential for use by researchers and public officials, to quantify the delivery of ES, identify stakeholders’ ES priorities, and assess the benefits associated with green infrastructure development. / 2020-01-11
508

Vetor noroeste eixo São Paulo - Campinas: novos territórios metropolitanos. / Dado não fornecido pelo autor.

Daniela Maria Eigenheer 11 May 2018 (has links)
A partir do novo século, dinâmicas de dispersão urbana diferenciadas, relacionadas com os avanços da econômica capitalista, alteram os padrões de ocupação do tecido urbano ao longo do vetor noroeste paulista, eixo São Paulo-Campinas. Esse histórico e produtivo corredor, cuja evolução se estrutura em redes de infraestruturas e sobrepõe temporalidades históricas fragmentadas, transformou-se no mais importante vetor econômico do país. Tempos de globalização e reestruturação produtiva avançada configuram novos territórios metropolitanos, que na sua dispersão se integram, redefinindo conceitos e limites instituídos. Com olhar empírico para municípios com formação recente e predomínio de ocupações ligadas à economia moderna, evidenciou-se o impacto destas no tecido urbano deste eixo regional. Formas mais avançadas de urbanização em processo de constituição, extensas, fragmentadas, superpostas, contínuas, dispersas e porosas, apresentam contornos mais nítidos, mas são complexas do ponto de vista dos seus fluxos espaciais. Devido à ausência de planos e políticas públicas mais abrangentes capazes de atuar em novas dimensões, compreendendo a totalidade das relações que este território metropolitano estabelece, elabora-se uma matriz que sistematiza hierarquias e conhecimento, para uma atuação territorial integradora e em múltipla escala. / From the new century, new dynamics of urban sprawl, related to the progress of the capitalist economy, are changing the land use patterns along the northwest vector of São Paulo state capital, São Paulo -Campinas axis. This historical and productive axis, whose evolution is structured in infrastructure networks and overlaps fragmented historical temporalities, has become the most important economic vector of the country. Times of globalization and advanced productive restructuring have shaped new metropolitan territories which, in their sprawl are integrated, redefining concepts and set limits. With focus on small cities, due to their recent formation, the research observed the impact of the greater intensity of tertiary sector occupations linked to the advanced economies in this regional productive axis. More advanced forms of urbanization in the process of constitution, extensive, fragmented, overlapping, continuous, sprawl or diffuse, have more visible boundaries, but are complex from the point of view of their spatial relationships. Based on this and due to the lack of metropolitan and regional public policies that may have a comprehensive and integrated impact on this scattered metropolitan territory, a matrix is elaborated that systematizes hierarchies and knowledge, for an integrative and multiple scale territorial action.
509

Infra-estrutura e planejamento na metrópole de São Paulo: entre as escalas regionais e o impacto local / Infrastructure and planning in Sao Paulo metropolis: linking regional scales and local impact

Asquino, Marcelo Sacenco 28 April 2009 (has links)
Esta tese analisa a relação entre o planejamento metropolitano e as abordagens compreensivas do licenciamento ambiental, especialmente na avaliação de planos e projetos de infra-estrutura regional na metrópole de São Paulo, a partir dos anos 1990. A evolução política e econômica da metrópole é visualizada através desses planos e projetos de infra-estrutura, cuja dimensão regional variou conforme o contexto histórico considerado: do final do século XIX até os anos 1930, está relacionada ao modelo agrárioexportador; dos anos 1930 aos anos 1970, ao processo de industrialização e integração de mercados nacionais; dos anos 1970 aos anos 1990, ao processo de desconcentração industrial e de consolidação da macrometrópole; e, a partir dos anos 1990, à globalização e seus reflexos na metrópole, num contexto de consolidação do Sistema de Meio Ambiente. A partir dos anos 1990, planos e projetos de infra-estrutura regional são obrigatoriamente submetidos ao licenciamento ambiental, que passa a influenciá-los. Com a desmobilização dos sistemas formais de planejamento metropolitano, a partir dos anos 1980, o processo de licenciamento ambiental passou a desempenhar essa função. No entanto, tal processo, em São Paulo, é bastante complexo, pois deve considerar, além do impacto local do empreendimento, os interesses regionais relacionados a estes projetos e obras estruturantes, dada a rede de influência e a importância da metrópole paulista no contexto econômico do Estado e do país. Neste sentido, parece-nos necessário restabelecer um sistema de planejamento metropolitano efetivo em novas bases, com legitimidade, compromisso e governança. / This thesis analyses the relationship between metropolitan planning and comprehensives approaches of the environmental licensing process in Sao Paulo metropolis, since 1990s. The metropolis political and economic evolution are seen through these infrastrucuture plans and projects, whose regional dimension has varied according to the historical context: from the end of 19th century to the 1930s, it is related to the export driven agribusiness economy; from the 1930s to the 1970s it is related to the Brazilian industrialization and the national market integration process; from the 1970s to the 1990s it is related to the dispersion of industries over the territory and the consolidation of a macro-region centered in Sao Paulo; and, since the 1990s, it is related to the globalization and its impacts on Sao Paulo metropolis, in a context of consolidation of its environmental planning system. Since then, the environmental licensing process is an indispensable part of any regional infrastructure planning or project and may have a great impact on its future development. From the 1980s, with the demise of the formal metropolitan plannning system, the environment licensing process had to care for its function. However, this process in the São Paulo metropolis is quite complex, because it has to evaluate not only the local impact of an infrastructure project but also its regional interests, due to the net of influences exerted by the metropolis on the State and the country economy. Therefore, it looks necessary to re-establish an effective metropolitan planning system on a new basis, in order to guarantee its legitimacy, commitment and governance.
510

São Paulo - Paris, metrópoles fluviais. Ensaio de projeto de arquitetura das orlas do canal Pinheiros inferior, córrego Jaguaré e córrego Água Podre / São Paulo - Paris, fluvial metropolis. Architectural design essay on the edges of lower Pinheiros channel, Jaguaré stream and Água Podre stream

Ikeda, Eloisa Balieiro 03 June 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa integra os estudos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo Metrópole Fluvial da FAUUSP, sobretudo o projeto do Hidroanel Metropolitano de São Paulo, iniciado em 2011. Seu objetivo é propor uma alternativa de reestruturação da metrópole de São Paulo a partir dos rios e canais que a irrigam. São apresentadas duas metrópoles que foram fundadas às margens fluviais: São Paulo e Paris. Para São Paulo, propõe-se um ensaio de projeto de arquitetura das orlas do canal Pinheiros inferior, córrego Jaguaré e córrego Água Podre. O intuito é explorar soluções através de desenhos e definir conceitos que poderiam orientar a retomada dos rios e canais como eixos fundamentais na formação urbana a partir da consideração de suas funções: abastecimento, drenagem, lazer, navegação e energia. Considera-se que somente quando os múltiplos usos da água forem plenamente desenvolvidos, de acordo com as condições e demandas de cada lugar, o espaço urbano poderá ter qualidade ambiental e social. Salienta-se que o uso do espaço fluvial para lazer não é somente aquele restrito aos limites dos leitos, mas também o que se desenvolve nas suas orlas. Articulada à infraestrutura verde, a infraestrutura azul pode ser a base da consolidação de um sistema de parques fluviais que permeiam toda a área urbanizada, de maneira abrangente e capilar, nas diversas escalas, do bairro, da cidade e da metrópole. Acompanhando os desenhos das águas, formados por lagos e canais, os parques nas orlas e a arborização das margens criam caminhos de micro-clima ameno e úmido, propício para o desenvolvimento da fauna e flora urbanas e para o lazer dos moradores. Esses espaços são necessários para prover o bem estar da população. A função de lazer deve sempre ser uma meta, pois é a função que garante a visibilidade dos rios e a demanda de sua manutenção, além da possibilidade de conexão fundamental entre o homem e a natureza do lugar em que ele habita. Paris é apresentada aqui como referência de projeto de arquitetura de infraestruturas urbanas fluviais. Como São Paulo, seus rios já foram imundos e davam vazão a esgoto, inundações eram frequentes e devastadoras, como a mais conhecida de 1810, e a falta d\'água, por outro lado, era um problema constante. Essas questões foram equacionadas e Paris vem desenvolvendo e implementando projetos para que seu rio Sena e os canais Saint Martin e Saint Denis tenham suas orlas projetadas para o passeio de pedestres e ciclistas. A Bacia de la Villette é aqui registrada como exemplo para se analisar as possibilidades paisagísticas e de lazer de uma bacia, (uma dársena ou um lago), ou um canal construídos no meio urbano. Esse lugar é um dos centros atrativos da cidade, de uso diurno e noturno constantes, em todos os dias da semana e por todo tipo de gente. Assistimos desde o século passado a morte dos nossos rios, que permeiam com abundância a região metropolitana. A melhoria das cidades que compõem essa metrópole deve passar por essa constatação e apresentar soluções para recuperar o potencial das águas. Essa pesquisa se propõe a fornecer dados, alternativas e temas para se repensar e discutir o papel que os rios podem ter. / This research is part of the studies developed by Grupo Metrópole Fluvial from FAUUSP, specially the Sao Paulo Water ring project, which has begun in 2011. It proposes an alternative of restructuring São Paulo metropolis, considering its rivers and canals. Two metropolis are presented, São Paulo and Paris, both were founded along its rivers. It was developped an preliminary study of a fluvial architecture project to São Paulo, to the rive sides of Pinheiros inferior canal, stream Jaguaré and stream Água Podre. The aim is to explore solutions presented by drawings and define concepts that could guide the recovery of rivers and canals as fundamental axes in the urban formation, considering their functions: water supply, drainage, recreation, navigation and energy. Only when the multiple uses of water are entirely activated, according to the needs and conditions of each place, the urban space will be able to have environmental and social quality. It is important to highlight that the use of leisure in the fluvial space is not only limited to the river bed, but it can also happen in its sides. Articulated to the green infrastructure, the blue one could be the base for the insertion of a system of fluvial parks in the whole urbanized area, in a broad and capillary way, in its different scales: neighborhood, city and metropolis. Based on the design of the waters, formed by canals and lakes, the parks on the river side and the plantation of trees on those spaces can create a micro-climate, pleasant and wet, ideal for the urban fauna and flora developments and for the leisure of the inhabitants. Those spaces are necessary to provide the well being of people. The leisure function of the water should always be one of the goals of a hydraulic project. This leisure function is the one that guarantees the visibility of the rivers and the demand of maintenance, and also the fundamental connection between man and nature. Paris is presented here as a reference of fluvial urban infrastructures architectural projects. As São Paulo, its rivers were also polluted e carried sewage, floods were frequents and devastating, as the remarking one of 1810. The lack of water, on the other hand, was a constant problem. Those questions were mostly resolved. The city has been developing and implementing projects for its river Senna and canals, Saint Martin and Saint Denis, in order to turn its river sides into promenades for walkers and cyclers. The Bassin of la Villette is registered here as an example to be analyzed in terms of landscape possibilities and leisure by the side of the urban canal, lake or river. This place is one of the attraction centers of the city, by day and night time, every day of the week, frequented by every kind of people. We have been watching from the past century until now the death of our innumerous rivers. The improvement of the cities that are part of this metropolis should have this consciousness and present solutions to regain the potential of the waters. This research proposes to provide data\'s, alternatives and themes to discuss and rethink the role that rivers should have.

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