This essay is focused on the phenomena of self-injurious behavior of two young men. The purpose of the essay is to enlighten their experiences of their earlier self-injurious behavior, and to further enlighten which factors they believe have been contributed to the origin and the ending of the behavior. The research questions the essay raises are: Which factors has contributed to the origin of the self-injurious behavior? Which functions did the self-injurious behavior have for the young men? What made the two young men quit their self-injurious behavior? The essay is qualitative and do not imply to generalize the results and it is made from interviews with respondents and earlier research on self-injurious behavior. The results show that there are differences in the factors that origin of the self-injurious behavior between the respondents. The differences are for example the family situation and experiences of childhood traumas. There are also similarities in the origin of the self-injurious behavior, both respondents have had experiences of rejection from the environment. There are several differences between the respondents in the functions of the self-injurious behavior. One of the respondents used the self-injurious behavior to end a state of dissociation, other differences were the frequency and procedure of the self-injurious behavior. There are also similarities in the functions with the self-injurious behavior between both respondents, for them it was a way to cope with difficult situations and to let out emotions for example anxiety. There are differences in factors that can be correlated with the ending of the self-injurious behavior among the respondents. One of the respondents claims the positive treatment of his surroundings and therapy, when his self-injurious behavior became known, was contributing factors to the ending of hurting himself. The other respondent claims that a sense of responsibility for someone else was the most important factor in ending the self-injurious behavior. A similarity in the ending of the self-injurious behavior among the respondents is that both of them could manage to express their feelings and experiences in words. One of the conclusions is that self-injurious behavior among the young men, referring to the origin, function and ending of the behavior, shows many similarities with young women who has a self-injurious behavior. / Studien behandlar fenomenet självskadebeteende hos två unga män. Studiens syfte är att belysa unga mäns upplevelser av sitt tidigare självskadebeteende, samt att belysa vilka faktorer som de upplevt som bidragande till uppkomst och avslutning av självskadebeteendet. Studiens frågeställningar lyder vidare: Vilka bakomliggande orsaker finns till de unga männens självskadebeteende? Vilka funktioner fyllde självskadebeteendet för de unga männen? Vad fick de unga männen att sluta med sitt självskadebeteende? Studien är kvalitativ, utan generaliseringsanspråk och bygger på intervjuer med respondenter samt tidigare forskning inom ämnet självskadebeteende. Resultaten visar att de bakomliggande orsakerna till respondenternas utvecklande av självskadebeteende skiljer sig delvis åt t.ex. familjesituationen och upplevda trauman. Även likheter påvisas i de bakomliggande orsakerna, båda respondenterna har i sin uppväxt upplevt avvisanden från omgivningen. De funktioner som självskadebeteendet har för respondenterna skiljer sig åt på ett flertal punkter, varav en av respondenterna använde självskadebeteendet till att häva ett dissociativt tillstånd, andra skillnader var frekvens och tillvägagångssätt. Funktioner med självskadebeteendet hos de bägge respondenterna rymmer också likheter, då båda respondenterna använde självskadebeteendet som ett sätt att hantera svåra situationer på, samt för att få utlopp för t.ex. ångest. Verksamma delar i avslutningen av självskadebeteendet skilde sig åt mellan respondenterna. En av respondenterna menar att omgivningens goda bemötande och terapi, då självskadebeteendet uppdagades, var bidragande faktorer till att respondenten senare kunde sluta att skada sig själv. Den andra respondenten menar att en känsla av ansvar för någon annan än sig själv var den största bidragande faktorn till avslutning av självskadebeteendet. Då båda respondenterna kunde sätta ord på sina känslor och upplevelser av sin situation bidrog detta till avslutningen av självskadebeteendet. En av de slutsatser som presenteras är att självskadebeteendet hos de unga männen avseende bakomliggande orsaker, funktion och bidragande orsaker till avslutning är att det finns många likheter med unga kvinnors självskadebeteende.

The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe social work students’ view on a person with self-injurious behaviour and the following issues. The aim and focus is on the general depiction. The theoretical perspectives have been intersectionality and its focus on social constructivism, and gender perspectives. The method was semi-structured interviews with eight social work students at Linnaeus University Kalmar. The collected data was the social work students’ opinions and it was contrasted with the previous research and was analysed from the above perspectives. The main conclusion is that social work students’ view on a person with self-injurious behaviour generally not consistent with the previous research. Previous research says that a person with self-injurious behaviour generally is a young, blonde, normal female. The majority of the social work students say that a person with self-injurious behaviour is a depressed, young female with dark hair and dark clothes. The social work students focus more on why a person goes to such extremes and hurts themselves.

Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior. Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure. Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of deliberate self-harm in a Swedish University population. Method: A random sample of first year students at University of Kalmar was invited to participate in an Internet-based survey in the autumn of 2007. A total of 139 (53,1 %) completed the anonymous survey. Results: The results showed that 25,2 % (n=35) of the students reported having engaged in some kind of deliberate self-harm at least once, and deliberate self-harm was endorsed by 7,9 % within the past year. The most frequently procedures to self-harm were to tear, carve or pinch self, cutting skin and hitting self on purpose. 37,1 % reported that they had told no one about their self-injurious behaviors and 36,4 % significantly reported that they had no one they trusted and who they could talk to if they were concerned about something. Students with self-injurious behavior were also more likely to report a history of emotional, sexual and/or physical abuse, alcohol and drug use, cut classes and questioning their sexual orientation. Conclusions: Findings suggest that self-harm is associated with risk factors and that self-injury is not only associated with adolescence but also with adulthood. It is therefore important to continue studies in both populations.

Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett folkhälsoproblem som är svårupptäckt. Personer med självskadebeteende väcker ofta starka känslor hos vårdpersonalen. Sjuksköterskor som vårdardessa personer konfronteras ofta med sina känslomässiga reaktioner som kan om det inte uppmärksammas påverka patientens välbefinnande. För att öka välbefinnandet och lindralidandet hos patienter med självskadebeteende är det därför värdefullt att sjuksköterskan förhåller sig professionellt. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskorsupplevelser, erfarenheter och förhållningssätt i mötet med självskadande patienter. Metod: Detta är en litteraturstudie som är baserad på fyra kvantitativa studier, fem kvalitativa studier och en mixad studie som är publicerade mellan 2000-2014. Resultat: Resultatet presenteradesutifrån fem teman. Dessa teman var: attityder och uppfattningar, känslor, betydelsen avvårdande relation, behov av utbildning och riktlinjer samt betydelsen av stöd från kollegoroch ledning. Slutsats: Studien visade att sjuksköterskor som vårdar patienter med självskadebeteende upplever svårigheter och osäkerhet i att hantera denna patientgrupp vilket ofta ledde till frustration och undvikande av patienterna. Det framgick tydligt att det finns behov av utbildning i självskadebeteende, handledning och stöd för att sjuksköterskor skakunna ge en adekvat vård. Klinisk betydelse: Beskrivningen av sjuksköterskors upplevelserav mötet med patienter med självskadebeteende kan bidra till en ökad kunskap ochmedvetenhet kring faktorer som påverkar vårdandet för att sjuksköterskor framöver ska kunnage bättre och professionell vård till denna patient grupp. / Background: Self-injurious behavior is a public health issue that is difficult to detect. People who self-harm often evoke strong feelings among the nursing staff. Nurses who care for these individuals are often confronted with emotional reactions that will affect the patient's wellbeing if not addressed. In order to improve the wellbeing and alleviate the suffering of patients who self-harm it is therefore important that nurses meet these patients professionally. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences and attitudes towards selfharmingpatients. Method: This is a literature study based on four quantitative studies, five qualitative and one mixed study published between 2000 -2014. Results: The results were presented in five themes: attitudes and perceptions, emotions, the importance of the caringrelationship, the need for training and guidelines and the importance of support from colleagues and management. Conclusion: The result showed that nurses who care for patients with self-injurious behavior are experiencing difficulties and uncertainties inmanaging this patient group, which often led to frustration and avoidance of these patients. It was clear that there is a need for training in self-injury, need in supervision and support fornurses to be able to provide adequate care. Clinical significance: Description of the nurses'experience of working with self-harming patients may contribute to increased knowledge andawareness of factors affecting caring. This will help nurses to provide better and professionalcare to this patient group.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

<p>Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of deliberate self-harm in a Swedish University population.</p><p>Method: A random sample of first year students at University of Kalmar was invited to participate in an Internet-based survey in the autumn of 2007. A total of 139 (53,1 %) completed the anonymous survey.</p><p>Results: The results showed that 25,2 % (n=35) of the students reported having engaged in some kind of deliberate self-harm at least once, and deliberate self-harm was endorsed by 7,9 % within the past year. The most frequently procedures to self-harm were to tear, carve or pinch self, cutting skin and hitting self on purpose. 37,1 % reported that they had told no one about their self-injurious behaviors and 36,4 % significantly reported that they had no one they trusted and who they could talk to if they were concerned about something. Students with self-injurious behavior were also more likely to report a history of emotional, sexual and/or physical abuse, alcohol and drug use, cut classes and questioning their sexual orientation.</p><p>Conclusions: Findings suggest that self-harm is associated with risk factors and that self-injury is not only associated with adolescence but also with adulthood. It is therefore important to continue studies in both populations.</p>

Orientador: Neury José Botega / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T15:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cais_CarlosFilintodaSilva_D.pdf: 5508164 bytes, checksum: c31e9a8839229803d4d10cae8544dd64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este projeto implementou localizadamente duas estratégias selecionadas de prevenção de suicídio sintonizadas com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde: capacitação de equipes de saúde e estímulo aos indivíduos que tentaram o suicídio para que conseguissem e se mantivessem em tratamento. Para avaliar a eficácia da capacitação, o projeto mensurou o impacto da mesma em termos de mudança de conhecimento, habilidades clínicas e atitudes das equipes de saúde em relação ao comportamento suicida. Já em relação ao monitoramento avaliaram-se qualitativamente alguns casos monitorados visando à obtenção de informações que pudessem aperfeiçoar os serviços de saúde. A capacitação foi eficaz em promover mudanças desejadas nos profissionais de saúde, tanto do ponto de vista de mudanças de atitudes, quanto de aprimoramento nos conhecimentos/habilidades clínicas em prevenção do suicídio. Estas mudanças se deram do inicio do curso para o final do mesmo e mantiveramsediferentes de antes do curso em uma reavaliação após nove meses. Em relação ao conhecimento/habilidades clínicas, auferido através do respectivo questionário o mesmo subiu de 9,4 em 21 pontos possíveis para 13,7 em 21 (p < 0,001 com nível de significância de 95%) e após nove meses se manteve diferente do início do curso: 11,5 em 21 pontos possíveis (p < 0,001). Foram criados constructos agrupando itens correlacionados do Questionário de Atitudes Frente ao Comportamento Suicida: Sentimentos negativos diante do paciente; Percepção de capacidade profissional e Direito ao Suicídio, os três constructos mostraram mudanças favoráveis do início do curso para o final do mesmo (p= 0,04; p<0,01 e p=0,02 respectivamente) e os dois primeiros mantiveram-se diferentes do início do curso em uma reavaliação após nove meses do final do curso (p= 0,04; p<0,01 e p=0,07 respectivamente). Em relação ao monitoramento, nenhum dos 67 indivíduos monitorados faleceu por suicídio durante o seguimento de seis meses e quatro fizeram nova tentativa de suicídio neste período. Através da avaliação qualitativa de seis casos monitorados, notaram-se benefícios a adesão dos mesmos ao tratamento em saúde mental, e também pontos de possível aprimoramento no fluxo e acolhimento dos pacientes que tentaram o suicídio / Abstract: Two strategies in tune with the recommendations of the World Health Organization for suicide prevention were implemented: training of healthcare teams in suicide prevention and systematically monitoring individuals who attempted suicide by phone calls or home visits in order to help them to seek and keep treatment. A 18 hours-duration suicide prevention training designed to improve health professional?s knowledge and attitudes in suicide prevention was provided to 270 health professionals who were in contact with patients at high risk for suicide in their routine practice. Questionnaires were used to assess changes in professional?s attitudes and knowledge. The score in the questionnaire for the assessment of suicide prevention knowledge, which had 21 as maximum score, increased from 8.9 to 13 (p <0.001, significance level of 95%) and when professional?s knowledge was assessed nine months later it remained significantly higher than at first assessment: 11.5 (p <0.001). The Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire had 25 items assessing professional?s attitudes, 18 of them showed significant changes after the training. The questionnaire was divided in sub-scales: "right to suicide"; "negative feelings towards the patient with suicidal behavior" and perceived professional ability to deal with patients with suicidal behavior". The three constructs showed favorable changes right after the training (p = 0.04, p <0.01 and p = 0.02) and the first two remained different nine months later (p = 0.04, p <0.01 and p = 0.07 respectively). The suicide prevention training adopted has enhanced knowledge and attitudes toward suicide prevention in healthcare workers Regarding the monitoring of patients, none of the 67 monitored individuals died by suicide during the following six months and only four attempted suicide again during the follow-up. Qualitative evaluation of six cases allowed for the identification of aspects of health care delivery to patients who attempted suicide that might need to be improved / Doutorado / Saude Mental / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende ter sig olika från person till person. Vissa har en underliggande diagnos som gör att de skadar sig själva, andra har yttre påfrestningar som gör att de börjar skada sig själva. Det anses många gånger vara ett rop på hjälp, att de har svårt att hantera svåra känslor. Mötet mellan dessa personer och omvårdnadspersonalen är uppbyggt av kommunikation mellan dessa personers energier och känslor. Då en upplevelse är olika beroende på vem som upplever den. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur personer med självskadebeteende upplever bemötandet av omvårdnadspersonal på sjukhus. Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på elva artiklar. En induktiv analys användes, vilket resulterade i fem kategorier. Dessa var upplevelse av omvårdnadspersonalens okunskap, upplevelse av skuld och skam, upplevelse av omvårdnadspersonalens oförståelse, upplevelse av att vara utan själ samt upplevelse av att få tillbaka sin själ. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på både positiva samt negativa upplevelser av omvårdnadspersonalens bemötande. Det framkom i resultatet att det handlade mest om en okunskap från omvårdnadspersonalen, som sedan bidrog till att personerna med självskadebeteende upplevde skuld och skam samt vara utan själ. Dock fanns det en viss del som visade att omvårdnadspersonal som behandlade dessa personer med respekt och medkänsla gav personerna med självskadebeteende upplevelse av att de hade en själ. Diskussion: Personer med självskadebeteende bör få ett bra bemötande oavsett var de befinner sig. Våra huvudfynd visar hur mycket bemötande påverkar dessa personerna samt hur och när de söker vård.

Burn injuries are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Intentional burn injuries are not well understood, and warrant study to improve adjustment and outcomes. The present study examined group differences between intentional and unintentional burn injuries, comparing individuals with self-inflicted (SIB; n=109) and other-inflicted (OIB; n=109) burns to an unintentional burn (UB) group. Compared to UB, those with intentional (SIB, OIB) burn injuries were more likely to be young, female, unmarried, unemployed, abuse substances, and have positive alcohol/drug screens at hospital admission. Individuals with intentional burns report more psychological distress, lower quality of life in some areas, and lower life satisfaction. When SIB and OIB were examined individually, OIB were more likely to be African American compared to SIB and UB. OIB also had more anxiety and paranoia than UB. SIB was more likely than OIB and UB to have had medical problems or psychiatric disorders and treatment prior to the burn injury. Those with SIB were 3 times more likely than UB to die in the hospital even after controlling for age, severity of burn, and inhalation injuries. Moreover, the SIB group had high rates of suicidal ideation at discharge and follow-up. Treatment implications for burn treatment providers were discussed.