<p>This thesis has examined the view on immigrants and their social integration within the Swedish public school system, as represented by the political scene in different types of parliamentary documents and other kinds of governmental publications, from a historical perspective. This historical view begins at the mid 1970’s, when immigration became more of a permanent reality in the Swedish society than previous times, and continues through the following decades to today’s situation.</p><p>The theoretical outlook of this work consists of theories related to integration, with a critical approach to specific pedagogical means by which the normative school separates those pupils that it cannot subdue from the so called ordinary education, and the consequences of this system in relation to the democratic values of the public school. An essential part of the theory is made out by Peder Haugs concepts regarding inclusion and exclusionary forms of social integration.</p><p>The result of the examination shows that the ideas surrounding the integration of the immigrants has been focused on first language, preparational classes and similar solutions, support and compensation, the value of knowledge, cultural diversity/cross-cultural communications and (the Swedish) language.</p><p>In conclusion, the work has tried to put the results of the examination in a broader social perspective, and discussed preparational classes as concept and organization in relation to the idea of inclusion.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur specialundervisningen i en skola i Stockholms län är uppbyggd samt vilket förhållningssätt specialpedagogerna har gällande specialundervisningen av elever i behov av särskilt stöd. För att ge svar på syftet har jag tre frågeställningar: Hur är specialundervisningen uppbyggd i en skola belägen i Stockholms län? Hur utformas stödet till elever i behov av särskilt stöd i skolan? Anser specialpedagogerna att specialundervisningen kan tolkas bäst utifrån ett inkluderande eller ett segregerande integreringsperspektiv när det gäller elever i behov av särskilt stöd?</p><p>Metoden som jag har valt att använda är en kvalitativ forskningsintervju, i vilken jag har intervjuat fyra specialpedagoger som arbetar på en skola i Stockholms län. Det empiriska resultatet analyseras samt diskuteras utifrån Peder Haugs teori om segregerande respektive inkluderande integrering och tidigare forskning.</p><p>Undersökningens resultat visar att specialundervisningen i skolan är uppbyggd på så vis att specialpedagogerna arbetar såväl i klassrummet som i särskilda undervisningsgrupper med elever under vissa timmar i veckan. Att elever i behov av särskilt stöd ibland får gå i mindre grupper som sker utanför elevernas ordinarie klassrum, tolkas enligt Haug bäst utifrån ett segregerande integreringsperspektiv. Haug menar att dessa segregerande åtgärder leder till att elever särbehandlas med tanke på att eleverna ges olika stöd. De intervjuade specialpedagogerna är dock överens om att specialundervisningen tolkas bäst utifrån ett inkluderande integreringsperspektiv, med tanke på att alla elever oavsett behov, tillhör en klass, och bara under vissa lektioner går i särskilda undervisningsgrupper. Enligt specialpedagogerna är inte specialundervisningen segregerande då det inte förekommer permanenta undervisningsgrupper på skolan. Istället strävar specialpedagogerna tillsammans med andra lärare i skolan att i första hand försöka finna lösningar som inte stänger ut elever från den reguljära klassen. Det inkluderande arbetssättet är därmed det viktigaste målet som alla i skolan försöker eftersträva, men som skolan inte riktigt har uppnått än.</p>

This thesis has examined the view on immigrants and their social integration within the Swedish public school system, as represented by the political scene in different types of parliamentary documents and other kinds of governmental publications, from a historical perspective. This historical view begins at the mid 1970’s, when immigration became more of a permanent reality in the Swedish society than previous times, and continues through the following decades to today’s situation. The theoretical outlook of this work consists of theories related to integration, with a critical approach to specific pedagogical means by which the normative school separates those pupils that it cannot subdue from the so called ordinary education, and the consequences of this system in relation to the democratic values of the public school. An essential part of the theory is made out by Peder Haugs concepts regarding inclusion and exclusionary forms of social integration. The result of the examination shows that the ideas surrounding the integration of the immigrants has been focused on first language, preparational classes and similar solutions, support and compensation, the value of knowledge, cultural diversity/cross-cultural communications and (the Swedish) language. In conclusion, the work has tried to put the results of the examination in a broader social perspective, and discussed preparational classes as concept and organization in relation to the idea of inclusion.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur specialundervisningen i en skola i Stockholms län är uppbyggd samt vilket förhållningssätt specialpedagogerna har gällande specialundervisningen av elever i behov av särskilt stöd. För att ge svar på syftet har jag tre frågeställningar: Hur är specialundervisningen uppbyggd i en skola belägen i Stockholms län? Hur utformas stödet till elever i behov av särskilt stöd i skolan? Anser specialpedagogerna att specialundervisningen kan tolkas bäst utifrån ett inkluderande eller ett segregerande integreringsperspektiv när det gäller elever i behov av särskilt stöd? Metoden som jag har valt att använda är en kvalitativ forskningsintervju, i vilken jag har intervjuat fyra specialpedagoger som arbetar på en skola i Stockholms län. Det empiriska resultatet analyseras samt diskuteras utifrån Peder Haugs teori om segregerande respektive inkluderande integrering och tidigare forskning. Undersökningens resultat visar att specialundervisningen i skolan är uppbyggd på så vis att specialpedagogerna arbetar såväl i klassrummet som i särskilda undervisningsgrupper med elever under vissa timmar i veckan. Att elever i behov av särskilt stöd ibland får gå i mindre grupper som sker utanför elevernas ordinarie klassrum, tolkas enligt Haug bäst utifrån ett segregerande integreringsperspektiv. Haug menar att dessa segregerande åtgärder leder till att elever särbehandlas med tanke på att eleverna ges olika stöd. De intervjuade specialpedagogerna är dock överens om att specialundervisningen tolkas bäst utifrån ett inkluderande integreringsperspektiv, med tanke på att alla elever oavsett behov, tillhör en klass, och bara under vissa lektioner går i särskilda undervisningsgrupper. Enligt specialpedagogerna är inte specialundervisningen segregerande då det inte förekommer permanenta undervisningsgrupper på skolan. Istället strävar specialpedagogerna tillsammans med andra lärare i skolan att i första hand försöka finna lösningar som inte stänger ut elever från den reguljära klassen. Det inkluderande arbetssättet är därmed det viktigaste målet som alla i skolan försöker eftersträva, men som skolan inte riktigt har uppnått än.

This essay contains two stories that reflect the reality I face as an educator, as well as a reflective discussion about my self-perceived dilemma. The dilemma reflects a classroom situation where I as an educator have trouble dividing my focus, my focus is either put on entire the class or on the child with special needs. Through this self-perceived situation I have started to question how children with special needs find their place in the school today. I discuss how I can handle and look at the unique situation that occurs when meeting this child. Terms like integration, inclusion, segregation, social rights and the expression "a school for everyone" will be discussed in this text, as well as how we can connect these terms and expressions to the problems I find in the school system’s way of handling children with special needs. I also highlight my dilemma from different ethical perspective. I chose to use Kants duty ethics, Mills utilitarianism (commercial ethics) and Aristotle’s virtue ethics to bring light on my dilemma, but also to find help in my professional role as a leisure pedagogue. The main question my essay deals with is this: How can you, as an educator, have a focus on the class as a whole, but at the same time pay attention to the child with special needs?

The education in Swedish schools today should be for all children. This means that even if a pupil has reading and writing disabilities the education should be in the classroom with the rest of the pupils. The education should include every one. The aim of my study was to investigate the education with pupils that have reading and writing disabilities. I wanted to get a deeper knowledge about working methods that are used for pupils with these problems. In my study I have used qualitative research methods. I have used group interviews and observational studies. In addition to this I have also used informal interviews during the observational studies. One class teacher and one special teacher was interviewed and observed in the study. My results showed that pupils with reading and writing disabilities often were excluded from the classroom during a few lessons per week. The results also showed that the working methods that the class teacher and the special teacher use are different. The class teacher worked with the same working methods for all the children in the class while the special teacher was using the computer as a compensatory aid. For pupils with reading and writing disabilities the work with a computer as a compensatory aid is a motivating working method. The result also showed that cooperation between the class teacher and the special teacher is of great importance.

Research has shown that students with another mother tongue than Swedish terminate elementary school with lower grades in all subjects, compared to students having Swedish as a mother tongue. This fact justifies further research on the forms of teaching Swedish as a second language. Attention has been given to the fact that the students with another mother tongue than Swedish have to cope with "dual learning". Parallel to the learning of a second language they need to obtain knowledge in all other subjects. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the School organise the work with students having another mother tongue than Swedish, and to find out how teachers in other subjects solve the problem of having students that struggle with "dual learning". The questions I will be answering in this paper is: How do the school organise the teaching of students having Swedish as second language (SVA-students), when in comes to improving language skills and obtaining knowledge? How has this particular organisation affected the work of teachers in other subjects? Which are the advantages and disadvantages of this form to organise the work and teaching, according to the teachers involved? The method used in the investigation is "qualitative deep interviews". The theoretical points of departure are Haug’s concepts of "excluding integration" and "including integration". In this analysis I have furthermore used organisational theories like "the learning of organisations" and the "learning cycle" from Kolb. In the didactical analysis I have used "theories of writing" from various authors and "theories of language" from Vygotskij. The result of the investigation shows that the investigated school gone from "excluding integration" to "including integration". Nowadays the responsibility for SVA-students are distributed among all teachers in the school, implying a substantial changes in the role of teachers. The role of the SVA-teachers has also developed simultaneously into something which could be described as tutor or mentor to teachers of the other subjects. The positive and clear response from the school management to these initiatives has also been of great significance. In this process the book "Schaffholding Language – Schaffholding Learning" of Pauline Gibbon has played an important role and has lead to the continuous training and development of methods at the school.