O objetivo deste trabalho é a previsão de inadimplência. Foram implementados dois modelos de previsão de inadimplência, de modo que o primeiro modelo fez uso de uma rede neural feedforward utilizando o algoritmo de retro propagação, e o segundo utilizou uma rede não supervisionada (rede Kohonen). As características relevantes de usuários de crédito foram apresentadas para as redes neurais, para o seu treinamento e teste. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que tanto as redes neurais supervisionadas quanto as redes neurais não supervisionadas mostraram-se instrumentos eficazes para o processo de previsão de inadimplência. / The objective of this work is the insolvency forecast. They were implemented two insolvency forecast models, so that the first model used a feed forward neural network utilizing the retro propagation algorithm, and the second utilized a non-supervised neural network (Kohonen networks). The prominent characteristics of credit users were presented for the neural networks, for their training and test. The results obtained showed that the supervised network as well the non-supervised neural network showed themselves efficient instruments for the insolvency forecast trial.

O objetivo deste trabalho é a previsão de inadimplência. Foram implementados dois modelos de previsão de inadimplência, de modo que o primeiro modelo fez uso de uma rede neural feedforward utilizando o algoritmo de retro propagação, e o segundo utilizou uma rede não supervisionada (rede Kohonen). As características relevantes de usuários de crédito foram apresentadas para as redes neurais, para o seu treinamento e teste. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que tanto as redes neurais supervisionadas quanto as redes neurais não supervisionadas mostraram-se instrumentos eficazes para o processo de previsão de inadimplência. / The objective of this work is the insolvency forecast. They were implemented two insolvency forecast models, so that the first model used a feed forward neural network utilizing the retro propagation algorithm, and the second utilized a non-supervised neural network (Kohonen networks). The prominent characteristics of credit users were presented for the neural networks, for their training and test. The results obtained showed that the supervised network as well the non-supervised neural network showed themselves efficient instruments for the insolvency forecast trial.

Insolvency law is one of the fields of law that most influence economic relationships. Its creation, interpretation and application is crucial both in ex ante and ex post paradigms, in that it influences the future behavior of legal entities and determines the rights and obligations of creditors, stakeholders and the debtor. Bringing about interpretations which lead to legal uncertainty and to perceived economic injustice influences the tendency to enter into transactions negatively. Therefore, the creation, interpretation and application of insolvency law should follow the principle of the least and necessary ingressions and always serve to fulfill its purpose. All three processes should be - given the prevailing economic dimension of insolvency - complemented by economic analysis as a tool to discover the true effects of insolvency law and to correct the same.

A tese parte da análise jurídica do concurso das sociedades cooperativas para abordar as disciplinas concursais de insolvência civil, recuperação de empresas e falência, bem como as normas de liquidação aplicáveis às cooperativas no direito brasileiro e comparado. O direito concursal hodierno dispõe de mecanismos recuperativos em caso de crise financeira, e liquidatórios, com normas que primam pela eficiência dos institutos do direito concursal e pela continuação da atividade produtiva, com o fim de beneficiar o credor, devedor e a coletividade. Tende-se a adotar o princípio de unidade legal, de sistema e de disciplina, com pressuposto subjetivo unificado, abrangendo todos os devedores, inclusive as sociedades cooperativas, que quando organizadas como empresas são empresárias de economia social, com natureza jurídica e estrutura que beneficiam a coletividade. O Brasil não adota o princípio da unidade, nem reconhece as sociedades cooperativas como empresas, com a exclusão das cooperativas da lei de recuperação e falências, o que fere as orientações internacionais de incentivo e de tratamento não discriminatório às sociedades cooperativas e surge como mais um obstáculo ao seu desenvolvimento no Brasil. Este estudo teórico-descritivo subdivide-se em três capítulos: o primeiro aborda a doutrina e a normativa do direito concursal com enfoque na sociedade cooperativa, analisando a evolução do direito concursal, os pressupostos subjetivos e os institutos do direito concursal brasileiro, inclusive os aplicáveis às sociedades cooperativas; o segundo aprofunda o estudo da sociedade cooperativa como empresa de economia social para demonstrar a sua realidade econômica empresarial e as suas características estruturais, além de as orientações internacionais sobre a promoção da cooperativa; e o terceiro avalia a adequação do direito concursal das cooperativas no Brasil e formula proposições sobre a matéria. A relação teoria e prática tem como base as decisões judiciais existentes sobre a matéria. / The thesis begins with the legal analysis of the bankruptcy of cooperative societies to address the legal types of bankruptcy non-commercial entities insolvency system (insolvência civil), companies recovery system and bankruptcy and the liquidation rules applicable to cooperatives under Brazilian law and comparative law. The bankruptcy law nowadays has recovery mechanisms in cases of financial crisis and liquidation. It presents rules that aim at efficiency and at the continuity of the production, in order to benefit creditors, debtors and the community. There is a tendency to adopt the legal unit principle, the system principle and the discipline principle, with a unified subjective premise that covers all debtors, including cooperative societies. When organized as companies, these societies are social economy entrepreneurs, whose juridical nature and structure benefit the community. Brazil does not adopt the legal unit principle and does not recognize cooperative societies as companies, with the exception of the cooperatives covered by the recovery and bankruptcy law. This fact constitutes a disagreement in relation to international orientations of promotion and non-discriminatory treatment to cooperative societies and arises as an obstacle to the development of these societies in the country. The theoretical-descriptive study is divided into three chapters: the first one presents the doctrine and the rules related to bankruptcy law focusing the aspects of cooperative societies and analyzing the evolution, the subjective premises and the institutes of bankruptcy law, including those applicable to cooperative societies; the second chapter analyses the cooperative society as a social economy company and demonstrates its entrepreneurs economic reality, its structural characteristics and adds international orientations on the promotion of cooperatives; the third chapter evaluates the appropriateness of bankruptcy law related to cooperatives in Brazil and formulates propositions on the issue. The relation between theory and practice is demonstrated with judicial decisions on the matter.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daliana Carla Vieira.pdf: 497262 bytes, checksum: 8dd08e3923131b5ee349d12cb30f938c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / The aim of this dissertation was to accomplish an analysis of the financial situation of the Lar Agro-Industrial Cooperative compared to 31 cooperatives from the State of Paraná, through an insolvency prevision model, from the year 2000 to 2004. Thus, some financial indexes of the cooperatives studied were examined in accordance to the standard indexes. The Gimenes and Opazo (2001) insolvency prevision model was used to verify the financial solvency or insolvency situation of the cooperatives. Then the similarity among the group of agricultural cooperatives was analyzed through Cluster Analysis. The results lead to a general conclusion that, in the period analyzed, Lar Agro-Industrial Cooperative presented a highly satisfactory performance, a particular characteristic of this cooperative, due to the fact that high similarities between Lar cooperative and other cooperatives were not verified / O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise da situação financeira da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Lar em relação a 31 cooperativas do Estado do Paraná, através de um modelo de previsão de insolvência, no período de 2000 a 2004. Para tanto, examinaram-se alguns indicadores financeiros das cooperativas em estudo a partir da classificação segundo os índices-padrão. Para verificar a situação de solvência ou insolvência financeira das cooperativas foi utilizado o modelo de previsão de insolvência de Gimenes e Opazo (2001). Finalmente, foi analisada a similaridade entre o conjunto das cooperativas agropecuárias por meio da análise multivariada de agrupamento ou Cluster Analysis. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir, de uma forma geral, que, no período analisado, a Cooperativa Agroindustrial Lar apresentou um desempenho financeiro bastante satisfatório, característica muito particular desta cooperativa, já que não se verificou alta similaridade entre a cooperativa Lar e as demais cooperativas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Salles Moraes.pdf: 926577 bytes, checksum: 167e10d14baae4f409fdf302c7e5eefe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / The current economic scenery, with high competition level among market players, easy access to economic and financial information and increasing number of companies that went bankrupt in recent years, changed the investors behavior and the decisive factors of investment targets. Nowadays, to mitigate these risks, shareholders became more concerned to long-term analysis and in this context arise the new concept of socially responsible companies, those that are sustainable and profitable to shareholders, even though this idea is also shared by BM&FBovespa it is not supported by current researches. This research aims to compare the probability of insolvency of corporations that make up the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) and others traded on BM&FBovespa. The research was done in two different moments: model creation and model application to a controlled group. The model used the insolvent and solvent companies from 2006 up to 2011 and established annual equations to calculate the probability of insolvency. Applying the model it was possible to identify the corporations probability of insolvency that belong to the ISE. The results of this study allowed to confirm based on the average probability of insolvency that ISE´s companies have less default chances if compared with sector correspondents traded in the stock market. / A conjuntura econômica atual, com alto nível de competição entre os agentes mercadológicos, a facilidade ao acesso às informações econômico-financeiro e o aumento do número de casos de falência empresarial, alteraram o comportamento dos investidores e o critério de seleção de empresas para investimento. Atualmente, visando mitigar os riscos de suas aplicações, os acionistas tornaram-se mais críticos e conscientes na análise de longo prazo e neste contexto, surge o conceito de empresas socialmente responsáveis. Estas empresas são caracterizadas por possuírem um negócio sustentável e rentável para os acionistas, porém este discurso, também adotado pela BM&FBovespa, não está comprovado pelas pesquisas atuais. Esta dissertação objetivou comparar a probabilidade de insolvência entre as empresas que compõem o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) e as demais transacionadas na BM&FBovespa. Foram realizadas duas etapas na pesquisa: construção do modelo e aplicação no grupo de controle. O modelo utilizou as empresas insolventes e solventes no período de 2006 a 2011 e estabeleceu equações anuais para o cálculo da probabilidade de insolvência. A aplicação do modelo identificou a probabilidade de insolvência entre as empresas pertencentes ao Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da BM&FBovespa e nas demais transacionadas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram confirmar através das médias da probabilidade de insolvência que as empresas pertencentes ao Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial possuem menor probabilidade ao default se comparadas com suas correspondentes setoriais comercializadas na bolsa.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to describe problems of accounting valuation and issues connected with prices, which are used for income tax purposes within current valid legislation. The thesis decribes basic valuation principles, characterization and valuation methods of some selected section according to the Czech legislation and IFRS. The thesis compares advantages and disadvantages of some valuation methods and valuation base and their influence on taxes. At the end of the thesis is the issue of transfer pricing or accounting valuation in insolvency.

This thesis deals with financial analysis of two chosen companies 5 years before decision on bankruptcy and two years after this decision. The thesis is splitted into two parts: theoretical part and practical part. Theoretical part deals with the definition of the issues of insolvency firstly from point of view of law, secondly from the accounting perspective. Further definition of financial analysis, evaluation of the use of financial ratios. The theoretical part also explains the IN bankruptcy model. The practical part concentrates on selection of two concrete companies and performing the financial analysis. A period of 7 years was chosen - 5 years before decision on bankruptcy and two years after this decision. Insolvency was solved by reorganization or bankruptcy. Practical part imply the IN bankruptcy model. At the end is a comparison of the results, which is then interpreted.

La Chine a adopté le 27 août 2006 la loi « sur la faillite de la République populaire de Chine », consacrant la transition d’une économie socialiste, où peu de place était accordée aux droits des créanciers et des débiteurs, à une « économie socialiste de marché » où les droits des créanciers et des débiteurs se trouvent restaurés. La protection des créanciers est ainsi devenue l’une des principales préoccupations du droit chinois des procédures d’insolvabilité afin de favoriser l’investissement et de promouvoir la croissance économique de la Chine depuis son adhésion à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. Eu égard à la place actuelle de la Chine dans l’économie mondiale, il est essentiel d’analyser le droit chinois des procédures d’insolvabilité ainsi que sa mise en œuvre afin de pouvoir apprécier la situation réservée aux créanciers et la pertinence de ses dispositifs de traitement des difficultés des entreprises, que l’on mettra en perspective avec ceux des droits français et américain.Ce droit chinois de l’insolvabilité se caractérise par sa prévisibilité pour les créanciers,qui peuvent envisager le déroulement des procédures d’insolvabilité tout en mesurant les risques, et par sa reconnaissance de leurs droits sur les actifs du débiteur, en particulier lorsque ces créanciers sont privilégiés. Il se révèle favorable aux créanciers en ce qu’il organise des procédures conformes aux standards de la pratique internationale du traitement de l’insolvabilité. Néanmoins, il se révèle insuffisant tant par ses carences en matière procédurale et substantielle qu’en raison des incertitudes qui subsistent dans sa mise en œuvre et dans la recherche des responsabilités. / China has adopted on August 27th, 2006 the "Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China" consecrating the transition from a socialist economy, where little consideration was given to the rights of creditors and debtors to a "socialist market economy" where the rights of creditors and debtors are restored. Creditors protection has therefore become a major concern of insolvency proceedings under Chinese law in order to favor investment and promote economic growth of China since its accession to the World Trade Organization. Given the current position of China in the global economy, it is essential to analyze the insolvency proceedings under Chinese law and their implementation in order to assess the situation reserved to the creditors and the pertinence of the companies difficulties treatment solutions, putting them into perspective with those under French and American laws. Insolvency proceedings under Chinese law are defined by their predictability for creditors enabling them to consider the progress of these proceedings while measuring the risks, and by the recognition of creditors’ rights over the assets of the debtor in particular when they are secured creditors. They are favorable to creditors by complying with standards regarding international practice of insolvency treatment. Nevertheless, they are insufficient to creditors both by their deficiencies in procedural and substantive matters and by uncertainties subsisting in their implementation and in responsibilities research.

Les financements structurés semblent se construire comme des instruments de neutralisation de la procédure collective. Ces montages, utilisés tant en matière de financement d'acquisition (LBO) qu'en matière de financement de projet, ont vocation à influencer tant lu saisie collective que les répartitions qui en découle (première partie). Face au caractère d'ordre public de la procédure collective, le nombre de stratégies permettant d'assurer l 'efficacité des financements structurés en cas de restructuration est limitée. Les montages pourront s'appuyer sur deux méthodes s'appuyer sur des textes dérogatoires (ex : titrisation) ou s'appuyer sur les limites des procédures collectives pour éviter les effets de la faillite (ex : les double Lux co). L'utilisation des limites du droit des procédures collectives ou de régimes spécifiques sera-t-elle suffisante pour échapper aux contraintes des procédures collectives? Cette question se posera tant durant la phase de saisie collective que durant celle des répartitions. Il conviendra donc d'étudier la résistance de financements structurés face à l'épreuve de la procédure collective (seconde partie). / Structured finance seems to be design as a tools to neutralize insolvency procedures. Those financing agreement, used in LBO and in project finance, are intended to influence both the assets seizure and the resulting distributions during the restructuring process (Part 1 ). Most of the time, rules of insolvency procedures are considered binding and should not be impacted by contracts. Therefore, the number of efficient strategies for structured finance in the event of restructuring ore limited. The structure can be based on specific legal status (e.g: securitization) or rely on the limits of insolvency procedures (c.g.: schemes implying Luxemburgish holding). Will contractual forecast defined by structured finance be enforceable during the restructuring process? It will therefore be necessary to study the resistance of structured finance to the constrained or insolvency procedures (second part).