Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2003. / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 299-310). / Inertial terms dominate the single-gyre ocean model and prevent western-intensification when the viscosity is small. This occurs long before the oceanically-appropriate parameter range. It is demonstrated here that the circulation is controlled if a mechanism for ultimate removal of vorticity exists, even if it is active only in a narrow region near the boundary. Vorticity removal is modeled here as a viscosity enhanced very near the solid boundaries to roughly parameterize missing boundary physics like topographic interaction and three dimensional turbulence over the shelf. This boundary-enhanced viscosity allows western-intensified mean flows even when the inertial boundary width is much wider than the frictional region because eddies flux vorticity from within the interior streamlines to the frictional region for removal. Using boundary-enhanced viscosity, western-intensified calculations are possible with lower interior viscosity than in previous studies. Interesting behaviors result: a boundary-layer balance novel to the model, calculations with promise for eddy param- eterization, eddy-driven gyres rotating opposite the wind, and temporal complexity including basin resonances. / (cont.) I also demonstrate that multiple-gyre calculations have weaker mean circulation than single-gyres with the same viscosity and subtropical forcing. Despite traditional understanding, almost no inter-gyre flux occurs if no-slip boundary conditions are used. The inter-gyre eddy flux is in control only with exactly symmetric gyres and free slip boundaries. Even without the inter-gyre flux, the multiple-gyre circulation is weak because of sinuous instabilities on the jet which are not present in the single-gyre model. These modes efficiently flux vorticity to the boundary and reduce the circulation without an inter-gyre flux, postponing inertial domination to much smaller viscosities. / by Baylor Fix-Kemper. / Ph.D.

Studien som gjorts är kvalitativ och behandlar hur unga vuxna som ännu inte har barn konstruerar bilden av sitt framtida barn. Som grund har vi haft socialkonstruktivismen som ontologisk och epistemologisk position.  Frågeställningarna i studien är: Hur talar individer som ännu inte har barn om sitt framtida barn? Påverkar individens tidigare socialisationsprocess tankarna av det framtida barnet? Vilka centrala institutioner hänvisar individen till i talet om sitt framtida barn? I studien har vi använt oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer och dessa har sedan transkriberats analyserats. Det har visat sig att individernas egen socialisationsprocess speglar av sig på hur de talar om sitt framtida barn. Värderingar, egenskaper, skola och relationer är de centrala institutioner vi funnit i empirin. Resultatet har kopplats samman med teorier som socialisationsprocessen, institutioner, habitus, risksamhället, modernitet och självidentitet samt angränsande forskning.

The purpose of this study is to examine how unaccompanied refugee children living in a care-institution are being prepared for a independent life in Sweden. The study wish to pay attention to how the treatment assistants perceice their work with these children. To create a deeper understanding from the staff's perspective, the study is also focusing on their personal experiences of working with the children. To analyze the results, we have using the theoretical perspectives empowerment and systems theory, so called "systemteorin". The results showed that the treatment assistants are in first place working to build a secure and reliable relationship with the unaccompanied refugee children. The results also show that the staff at the care-institution serves as "extra parents" for the children seeing that they come to Sweden without their biological parents. This also means that the staff are teaching the children everyday skills such as cooking and how to manage an economy, and how the swedish society is formed.

Inledning: Psykodynamisk terapi har utvecklats från en strikt syn på neutralitetsprincipen i riktning mot en mer liberal hållning, där en del terapeuter väljer att använda personlig öppenhet, dvs. delar med sig av personlig information kring sig själva. På behandlingshem delar terapeuter och patienter flera vardagliga situationer och tillfällen uppstår där terapeuten måste förhålla sig till self disclosure. Frågeställningar: Vilka upplevelser har psykoterapeuter på behandlingshem av self disclosure? På vilka grunder använder man sig av self disclosure? Hur hanterar psykoterapeuter self disclosure i den vardagliga kontakten utanför terapisituationen? Metod:Kvalitativ metod, semistrukturerade intervjuer med 5 legitimerade psykoterapeuter verksamma på behandlingshem. Tematisk analys användes för att analysera resultatet. Resultat: Self disclosure förekommer såväl i den terapeutiska situationen som i det vardagliga behandlingsarbetet. Self disclosure används som en alliansskapande intervention för att möta patientgruppens besvärsbild med bristande tillit, låg uthållighet, och ibland bristande motivation. Vidare anses self disclosure bidra till att skapa trygghet och göra terapeuten mindre hotfull. Self disclosure används även som en pedagogisk intervention där psykoterapeuterna kan fungera som rollmodell i terapeutiska och vardagliga situationer. Det anses betydelsefullt att göra noggranna övervägande kring self disclosures och hålla det på en allmän nivå, som inte tangerar personliga problem och privata förhållanden. Diskussion: Self disclosure förekommer sannolikt i större omfattning på behandlingshem än vid individuell psykoterapi. Den klassiskt neutrala terapeutiska hållningen anses inte fungera då patientgruppens besvär främst bottnar i bristproblematik. / Introduction: Psychdynamic therapy has evolved from a strict view of the principle of neutrality towards a more liberal attitude, where some therapists choose to use self disclosure, and share some personal information about themselves. At institutions, psychotherapists and patients share everyday situations and several occasions arise where therapists has to relate to self disclosure. Questions: Wich experiences have psychotherapists at institutions of self disclosure? On what grounds uses psychotherapists self disclosure? How do psychotherapists handle self disclosure in everyday contact outside the therapeutic situation? Method: Qualitative method, semi-structured interviews with 5 licensed psychotherapists working at institutions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the results. Results: Self disclosure appears both in the therapeutic situation and in the everyday treatment work. Sel disclosure is used as an alliance-building intervention to meet the patients problems with lack of confidence, low stamina, and sometimes lack of motivation. Futher considered self disclosure helping to create security and make thetherapist less intimidating. Self disclosure is also used as an educational intervention in wich the psychotherapist can serve as role model in the therapeutic and everyday situations. It is considered important to make careful consideration about the self disclosures and keep it at a general level,that is not tangent to personal problems and personal conditions. Discussion: Self disclosure is likely to occur to a greater extent at institutions than in individual psychotherapy. The classic neutral therapeutic stance is not considered to work because a majority of the patients problems is rooted in deficit.

'Institutional critique' is a term that refers to a range of diverse artistic practices and discourses that emerged at the end of the 1960s and that continue in the present. In spite of their differences, they all share a concern with the institutional conditioning of artists and artworks. Various historicizations of institutional critique (Alberro and Stimson, 2009; Raunig and Ray, 2009; Welchman, 2006) concur that one could distinguish two 'phases': artists of the 1960s and 1970s allegedly investigated the possibilities of an escape towards an 'outside' of the art institution, whereas those of the 1990s analysed the ways in which the artistic subject reproduced the structures of the art institution. Since the beginning of the 2000s various artists and authors have revisited the histories and legacies of institutional critique. This growing interest was triggered by the perceived intensification of a process that began at the end of the 1960s; it refers to the recuperation and neutralization of artistic types of critique by what Boltanski and Chiapello (2005) have called the 'new spirit' of capitalism. In this context, the Austrian philosopher Gerald Raunig and the members of the European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies have proposed the hypothesis that 'a new phase' of institutional critique was to emerge. However, this proposition was based less on empirical evidence, than on a 'political and theoretical necessity to be found in the logic of institutional critique' (Raunig, 2009, 3). This thesis is a response to this set of circumstances. By asking 'what are the conditions and possibilities of institutional critique?' it investigates the categories of institutional critique's logic. My main argument is that a 'phase change' of institutional critique could and should be understood through the apparatus of Derridean deconstruction. This implies a criticism of the idea that one needs to escape the art institution in order to respond to urgencies stemming from the social, economic, and political realms (Truth Is Concrete Platform, 2012). At the same time, I will also refute the idea that institutional critique is trapped in the art institution (Fraser, 2009a). Institutional critique works on the remainder and rest that necessarily escapes the instituting will and intention of defining and describing in an exhaustive manner the whatness of what (art) is (Boltanski, 2011). I show that between critique and the art institution there is an irreducible relation of symbiosis and cohabitation, and that the deconstructive logic of institutional critique allows it to be both partner and adversary, at the same time, of the art institution.

Ce mémoire étudie l'institution collégiale comme espace de vie au tournant du XXe siècle par le biais d'une étude de cas, le Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière. Plus concrètement, nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes. Comment pense-t-on et aménage-t-on l'espace dans ce collège pour garçons entre 1860-1922? Comment façonne-t-il les identités sociales et que nous révèle-t-il sur celles-ci? Autrement dit, nous nous intéressons aux valeurs qui sont transmises et aux normes sociales qui influencent l'aménagement. Nous cherchons à connaître leur évolution au cours de la période étudiée. Nous soutenons que l'architecture, l'ordonnance spatial, de même que le décor des lieux concourent à inculquer à la jeunesse un système de valeurs qui s'accordent avec l'idéal catholique : le retrait du monde, la piété, le classicisme et le patriotisme sont celles les plus évidemment exhibées au sein du Collège. L'aménagement de l'espace collégial revêt également des fonctions de régulation sociale : il sert à différencier et à hiérarchiser la population collégiale, autant les écoliers, le corps professoral que les employés d'entretien et d'approvisionnement. À un troisième niveau, il apparaît que le Collège de Sainte-Anne se modernise au cours des soixante années examinées. En portant une attention à la sécurité de l'établissement, à l'hygiène corporelle et à l'assainissement des espaces, les nouvelles théories de la pédagogie scolaire à la fin du XIXe siècle, notamment en ce qui concerne les études dites "utilitaires", les sciences, l'exercice physique et les loisirs, affectent et transforment l'institution collégiale de Sainte-Anne. Faire ressortir les effets de l'espace sur la formation identitaire et remettre en cause l'imperméabilité et l'intemporalité de cet espace dit traditionnel constituent donc les premières préoccupations de cette recherche. Le mémoire vise ultimement à mieux comprendre les objectifs d'éducation de l'Église catholique au moment où elle connaît son âge d'or dans la Belle province.

L'Institution universitaire au Cameroun : Dynamiques, Ruptures et Permanences d'une Réalité Plurielle : Des origines à 2001... Ainsi, s'énoncent les lignes principales du titre de cette thèse. En effet, problématique majeure et d'actualité, l'histoire des "savoirs constitués" au Cameroun débute timidement à la fin du XIXème siècle avec l'Académie Royale Bamum. Son démantèlement par l'Administration coloniale française crée les conditions de l'émergence de l'Université moderne au Cameroun. Mise en place avec le concours de la France, par le biais de la FFESC, la jeune institution dut faire face à ses premiers problèmes alors qu'elle s'engageait dans un processus de camerounisation intervenu consécutivement à la fermeture de la FFESC. Quelques solutions furent proposées, notamment la création des centres universitaires, la centralisation des inscriptions, l'élaboration d'une politique restrictive de l'accès à l'Université. La crise économique qui étrangla alors le Cameroun et l'émergence des PAS aboutirent à la Réforme universitaire au Cameroun en 1993. Celle-ci reconfigura le paysage universitaire du pays. Cette institution qui se trouve être une réalité sociale à part entière du macrocosme camerounais, est constituée d'une corporation qui lutte perpétuellement pour la conquête de ses libertés. Elle aura ainsi entretenu des rapports singuliers avec le politique...

<p>Syftet med studien var att utifrån ett könsperspektiv undersöka ungdomars erfarenhet och upplevelse av miljöterapeutisk behandling på institution. Fokus låg på ungdomarnas tankar kring syftet och nyttan med miljöterapin, aktiviteterna i den, relationerna med personalen och de andra ungdomarna på institutionen. Skillnader och likheter inom och mellan könen studerades sedan. Undersökningen byggde på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra ungdomar som är eller har varit placerade på institution. Resultaten analyserades i relation till tidigare forskning om ungdomar på institution och Judith Butlers teoretiska perspektiv om kön, performativitet och könslikheter. I studien gav ungdomarna mångfacetterade och målande beskrivningar av hur de upplever miljöterapin och det som ingår i denna. Ibland sågs konsensus inom könen men oftast kunde inga sådana mönster anas. Vanligare var att det fanns lika många likheter mellan könen. Deras berättelser föreföll vara individuella och kön verkade inte i högre grad än någon annan del utav deras personligheter påverka hur de upplever behandlingen.</p>

<p>In recent years evaluation has become a very important element in the public administration. The Swedish state administration to a significant extent both evaluates and is evaluated. This means that the evaluating state is at the same time the evaluated state. In this dissertation the institutionalization of evaluation is studied in a field within which this development has been particularly lively and interesting, namely the field of higher education. The dissertation focuses on evaluation activity that has been carried out in conjunction with central public authorities within higher education: the Office of the Chancellor of the Universities and Colleges in Sweden, the National Swedish Board of Universities and Colleges, and the Office of the University Chancellor, and encompasses the period 1964-1995.</p><p>A newly revived research tradition within political science – historical institutionalism – is used as a perspective and a methodology. Since the application of this tradition has not yet been fully tested, another purpose is to examine the practical utility of this analytical tool and the kind of knowledge that it produces. The dissertation thereby combines the fields of education policy, evaluation research and institutional theory.</p><p>The beginning of the institution has been dated to the end of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s. In the dissertation the forces behind the initiation of the institution are taken up. Events and developments in the field that have influenced the further development of the institution have been identified and analyzed. Developments reveal that the institution has been stable during the entire period of time under study, despite some changes.</p><p>The use of historical institutionalism as a perspective and methodology has proven satisfactory on a general level. However, special solutions have been required as problems and ambiguities have arisen. The dissertation concludes with reflections on the practical utility of historical institutionalism in political science research.</p>

Magistro baigiamasis darbas skirtas aptarti vietos savivaldos ir biudžetinių įstaigų bendradarbiavimo teorinius ir teisinius aspektus, tiriant Anykščių r. savivaldybės ir rajone veikiančių biudžetinių įstaigų atvejį. Siekiant įgyvendinti šio darbo tikslą- ištirti praktinį teorinių ir teisinių bendradarbiavimo principų įgyvendinimą Anykščių r. savivaldybėje ir nustatyti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos bendradarbiavimo plėtrai rajone- buvo analizuojama mokslinė ir teisinė literatūra. Praktiniai bendradarbiavimo aspektai Anykščių r. atskleisti naudojant interviu metodą. Tyrimo metu apklausta 10 Anykščių r. savivaldybės darbuotojų ir 10 rajone veikiančių biudžetinių įstaigų darbuotojų. Autorė analizuoja vietos savivaldos ir bendradarbiavimo vietą viešosios politikos kontekste. Sujungdama viešojo administravimo ir naujosios viešosios vadybos principus, autorė tiria kokie veiksniai ir kokios sąlygos būtinos, norint užtikrinti sėkmingus bendradarbiavimo rezultatus. Akcentuojant tai, kad Lietuva ES nare tapo jau nuo 2007 m., darbe atskleidžiama teisniai, bendradarbiavimą vietos savivaldoje reglamentuojantys, aspektai. Analizuojami tarptautiniai, nacionaliniai ir Anykščių r. savivaldybės išleisti teisės aktai, vertinamas jų adekvatumas vienas kitam. Tyrimo metu gauti duomenys rodo, kad bendradarbiavimo praktikoje Anykščių r. ypatingai pasigendama teorinės bendradarbiavimo apibrėžties, teisinio reglamentavimo ir skatinimo sistemos vykdyti bendradarbiavimo projektus. Buvo patvirtinta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of the master's thesis is about the budgetary institutions and municipal cooperation analyzed in theoretical and legal aspects by studing the case of Anyksciai district. In order to achieve the objective of the work - to analyze theoretical and legal principles of cooperation in Anyksciai district and to identify the factors affecting the development of cooperation in the area - were analyzed the scientific and legal literature. Practical aspects of cooperation in Anyksciai district were disclosed by use interview method. The study surveyed 10 employees in Anyksciai municipal and 10 budgetary institutions employees operating in the area. The author analyzes the cooperation and local government place in the context of public policy. Combining the public administration and new public management principles, the author examines the factors and conditions which are necessary to ensure the successful results of the cooperation. The emphasis on the fact that Lithuania became an EU member since 2007, author Analyzes the international, national and Anyksciai municipalities to issue laws, evaluates the adequacy of one another. The study showed that in Anyksciai district particularly lack theoretical definition of cooperation, legal and regulatory framework to promote co-operation projects. It was confirmed the hypothesis that the legal regulation and also the incentive system would promote the initiation of cooperation projects. The results show that Anyksciai municipal... [to full text]