Os hormônios do eixo GH-sistema IGF são conhecidos pelo seu papel anabólico e melhora nos ganhos de força. Alguns estudos sugerem que suplementação com o composto Zinco, Magnésio e Piridoxina (\"ZMA\") poderia aumentar os níveis dos hormônios do eixo GH/IGF e na testosterona em jovens. Este hipotético aumento, poderia causar alterações significativas na composição corporal. O ZMA é um suplemento muito popular, facilmente encontrado em lojas especializadas, e tem como premissa causar este aumento nos níveis dos hormônios do eixo GH/IGF, além da testosterona. Contudo, os estudos são divergentes acerca de sua eficácia. Assim sendo, o presente projeto objetivou verificar os efeitos do treinamento físico associado à suplementação de 8 semanas do composto ZMA sobre as concentrações de IGF-1, IGFBP-3 e testosterona em jovens do sexo masculino. Participaram do estudo 18 sujeitos saudáveis, do sexo masculino, atletas amadores de futebol americano. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: ZMA (grupo suplementado) e placebo. Os resultados mostraram elevação das concentrações de IGF-1, IGFBP-3 e de Testosterona entre a avaliação inicial e a avaliação após 8 semanas. Essa elevação foi semelhante nos dois grupos, não havendo diferenças entre o grupo suplementado e o grupo placebo. Nos dois grupos foi observado de forma semelhante aumento nos parâmetros antropométricos que atestam ganho de massa magra, acompanhado de diminuição naqueles que indicam redução da gordura corporal. Assim sendo, os resultados sugerem que em indivíduos com dieta adequada, doses extras dos micronutrientes presentes no ZMA não trazem quaisquer benefícios adicionais, seja na composição corporal ou nos níveis hormonais. / The GH-IGF system has several anabolic effects and plays an important role in strength gain. Some studies suggest that Zinc, Magnesium and Pyridoxine (\"ZMA\") supplementation could increase GH/IGF and testosterone levels in young subjects. This hypothetical increase could lead to significant changes in body composition. ZMA is a very popular supplement, easily found in specialty stores, and it is presumed to cause increasing in GH/IGF and testosterone levels. However, studies are divergent regarding its efficacy. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the effects of physical training associated with 8-week ZMA supplementation on the IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and testosterone levels in young males. Eighteen healthy male amateur football players were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: ZMA (supplemented group) and placebo. IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and testosterone concentrations were higher in the final evaluation (8 weeks) than at the beginning of the study. The increase was similar in the supplemented and in the placebo group. Both groups showed similar changes in anthropometric parameters attesting for lean mass gain and decrease in body fat mass. The findings suggest that extra doses of the micronutrients present in the ZMA do not bring any additional benefits, either in the body composition or in the hormonal levels in subjects under adequate diet.

Os hormônios do eixo GH-sistema IGF são conhecidos pelo seu papel anabólico e melhora nos ganhos de força. Alguns estudos sugerem que suplementação com o composto Zinco, Magnésio e Piridoxina (\"ZMA\") poderia aumentar os níveis dos hormônios do eixo GH/IGF e na testosterona em jovens. Este hipotético aumento, poderia causar alterações significativas na composição corporal. O ZMA é um suplemento muito popular, facilmente encontrado em lojas especializadas, e tem como premissa causar este aumento nos níveis dos hormônios do eixo GH/IGF, além da testosterona. Contudo, os estudos são divergentes acerca de sua eficácia. Assim sendo, o presente projeto objetivou verificar os efeitos do treinamento físico associado à suplementação de 8 semanas do composto ZMA sobre as concentrações de IGF-1, IGFBP-3 e testosterona em jovens do sexo masculino. Participaram do estudo 18 sujeitos saudáveis, do sexo masculino, atletas amadores de futebol americano. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: ZMA (grupo suplementado) e placebo. Os resultados mostraram elevação das concentrações de IGF-1, IGFBP-3 e de Testosterona entre a avaliação inicial e a avaliação após 8 semanas. Essa elevação foi semelhante nos dois grupos, não havendo diferenças entre o grupo suplementado e o grupo placebo. Nos dois grupos foi observado de forma semelhante aumento nos parâmetros antropométricos que atestam ganho de massa magra, acompanhado de diminuição naqueles que indicam redução da gordura corporal. Assim sendo, os resultados sugerem que em indivíduos com dieta adequada, doses extras dos micronutrientes presentes no ZMA não trazem quaisquer benefícios adicionais, seja na composição corporal ou nos níveis hormonais. / The GH-IGF system has several anabolic effects and plays an important role in strength gain. Some studies suggest that Zinc, Magnesium and Pyridoxine (\"ZMA\") supplementation could increase GH/IGF and testosterone levels in young subjects. This hypothetical increase could lead to significant changes in body composition. ZMA is a very popular supplement, easily found in specialty stores, and it is presumed to cause increasing in GH/IGF and testosterone levels. However, studies are divergent regarding its efficacy. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the effects of physical training associated with 8-week ZMA supplementation on the IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and testosterone levels in young males. Eighteen healthy male amateur football players were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: ZMA (supplemented group) and placebo. IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and testosterone concentrations were higher in the final evaluation (8 weeks) than at the beginning of the study. The increase was similar in the supplemented and in the placebo group. Both groups showed similar changes in anthropometric parameters attesting for lean mass gain and decrease in body fat mass. The findings suggest that extra doses of the micronutrients present in the ZMA do not bring any additional benefits, either in the body composition or in the hormonal levels in subjects under adequate diet.

Anorexia nervosa e transtorno alimentar não especificado (TANE) são os transtornos alimentares mais frequentes na adolescência. Cursam com alterações hormonais e amenorreia. Este projeto tem como objetivo a maior compreensão das alterações laboratoriais e hormonais que ocorrem concomitantemente com esses transtornos alimentares na adolescência, em especial a relação com o retorno dos ciclos menstruais, a recuperação nutricional e a secreção de leptina e IGF-1. Vinte e oito adolescentes do sexo feminino, portadoras de anorexia nervosa ou TANE foram submetidas a coletas de amostras de sangue para dosagem de leptina, LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, GH, IGF-1, TSH, T4L, T4, T3, proteínas totais e frações, função renal, hemograma, ferro, ferritina e eletrólitos no início do estudo e a cada cinco semanas num total de cinco coletas. Densitometria óssea foi realizada no início do acompanhamento e após seis meses para avaliar comprometimento ósseo. As principais complicações clínicas observadas foram amenorreia (78%) e osteoporose (14,8%). No início do estudo, 12 pacientes encontravam-se desnutridas com z score de IMC -2. As alterações hormonais presentes foram: diminuição do T3, estradiol, leptina, LH e IGF-1. As pacientes evoluíram com boa recuperação nutricional (variação da média de IMC ao longo do estudo IMC p < 0,01) e melhora dos parâmetros clínicos e hormonais. O IGF-1 apresentou-se como o melhor marcador de recuperação nutricional (p = 0,0001) e teve boa correlação com o retorno menstrual. À época do retorno menstrual as pacientes apresentaram IGF-1 > 340ng/mL (p = 0,04) / Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are the most frequent eating disorders in adolescence. The patients show hormonal alterations as well as amenorrhea. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of hormonal disturbances that occur together with AN and EDNOS, especially with regard to menstrual cycles, nutritional recovery as well as leptin and IGF-1 secretion. Twenty eight female adolescents with AN or EDNOS had blood collected for the following dosages: leptin, LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, GH, IGF-1, TSH, FT4, T4, T3, total proteins and fractions, renal function, CBC, iron , ferritin, electrolytes in the beginning of the study and at every 5 weeks totalizing 5 samples per patient. Bone densitometry was performed at the start and after 6 months. The main clinical complications were amenorrhea (78%) and osteoporosis (14.8%). Twelve patients were undernourished at the start of the study (BMI z score = -2). Hormonal alterations were low T3, estradiol, leptina, LH, and IGF-1. The patients had good nutritional recovery, evaluated as a variation of BMI (p < 0.001) and improved clinical and hormonal parameters. IGF-I was the best marker of nutritional recovery (p = 0.0001) and correlated very well with menstrual cycles recovery. At the time when the patients resumed menstrual cycles, IGF-1 was above 340ng/mL (p = 0.04)

Anorexia nervosa e transtorno alimentar não especificado (TANE) são os transtornos alimentares mais frequentes na adolescência. Cursam com alterações hormonais e amenorreia. Este projeto tem como objetivo a maior compreensão das alterações laboratoriais e hormonais que ocorrem concomitantemente com esses transtornos alimentares na adolescência, em especial a relação com o retorno dos ciclos menstruais, a recuperação nutricional e a secreção de leptina e IGF-1. Vinte e oito adolescentes do sexo feminino, portadoras de anorexia nervosa ou TANE foram submetidas a coletas de amostras de sangue para dosagem de leptina, LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, GH, IGF-1, TSH, T4L, T4, T3, proteínas totais e frações, função renal, hemograma, ferro, ferritina e eletrólitos no início do estudo e a cada cinco semanas num total de cinco coletas. Densitometria óssea foi realizada no início do acompanhamento e após seis meses para avaliar comprometimento ósseo. As principais complicações clínicas observadas foram amenorreia (78%) e osteoporose (14,8%). No início do estudo, 12 pacientes encontravam-se desnutridas com z score de IMC -2. As alterações hormonais presentes foram: diminuição do T3, estradiol, leptina, LH e IGF-1. As pacientes evoluíram com boa recuperação nutricional (variação da média de IMC ao longo do estudo IMC p < 0,01) e melhora dos parâmetros clínicos e hormonais. O IGF-1 apresentou-se como o melhor marcador de recuperação nutricional (p = 0,0001) e teve boa correlação com o retorno menstrual. À época do retorno menstrual as pacientes apresentaram IGF-1 > 340ng/mL (p = 0,04) / Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are the most frequent eating disorders in adolescence. The patients show hormonal alterations as well as amenorrhea. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of hormonal disturbances that occur together with AN and EDNOS, especially with regard to menstrual cycles, nutritional recovery as well as leptin and IGF-1 secretion. Twenty eight female adolescents with AN or EDNOS had blood collected for the following dosages: leptin, LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, GH, IGF-1, TSH, FT4, T4, T3, total proteins and fractions, renal function, CBC, iron , ferritin, electrolytes in the beginning of the study and at every 5 weeks totalizing 5 samples per patient. Bone densitometry was performed at the start and after 6 months. The main clinical complications were amenorrhea (78%) and osteoporosis (14.8%). Twelve patients were undernourished at the start of the study (BMI z score = -2). Hormonal alterations were low T3, estradiol, leptina, LH, and IGF-1. The patients had good nutritional recovery, evaluated as a variation of BMI (p < 0.001) and improved clinical and hormonal parameters. IGF-I was the best marker of nutritional recovery (p = 0.0001) and correlated very well with menstrual cycles recovery. At the time when the patients resumed menstrual cycles, IGF-1 was above 340ng/mL (p = 0.04)

Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum nas Américas que acomete células do sistema fagocítico mononuclear. Na doença ativa, ocorre redução nos níveis de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) e aumento nos níveis de colesterol total e triglicérides, sendo que a progressão da doença pode estar relacionada com essas alterações no nível de lipoproteínas. Desta forma, neste trabalho avaliamos: o efeito das lipoproteínas de muita baixa densidade (VLDL) e HDL no parasitismo de células de linhagem monocítica humana (THP-1) por L. (L.) infantum, a atividade da arginase e a expressão do mRNA do fator de crescimento insulina símile-I (\"insulin-like growth factor-I\" = IGF-I) e seu receptor (\"insulin-like growth factor-I receptor\" = IGF-IR). Células THP-1 foram infectadas por 6 h com promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum, na presença de 0,5% de soro com baixa concentração lipídica (infranadante) e na presença ou ausência das frações lipoprotéicas em diferentes concentrações. As células foram lavadas e mantidas depois em meio de cultura acrescido com infranadante por 24, 48 e 72 h. Quando as frações de VLDL e HDL foram adicionadas separadamente durante a incubação inicial o parasitismo aumentou em relação ao controle. Quando as frações de VLDL e HDL foram adicionadas concomitantemente houve diminuição do parasitismo em relação ao controle, mas aumento inesperado da atividade da arginase, nos períodos de 24 e 48 h. A expressão do mRNA de IGF-I e IGF-IR mostrou uma diminuição nas células infectadas na presença e ausência das frações em relação às células não infectadas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem um papel importante de VLDL e HDL na infecção de células THP-1 por L. (L.) infantum. / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Americas that affects cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. During active disease reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are observed. Thus in this study we evaluated the effect of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and HDL on the parasitism of cells of human monocytic line (THP-1) by L. (L.) infantum, the arginase activity and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA expressions. THP-1 cells were infected for 6 h with L. (L.) infantum promastigotes in the presence of 0.5% low lipid concentration serum (infranatant) in the presence or absence of lipoprotein fractions at different concentrations. The cells were washed and then maintained in medium with infranatant for 24, 48 and 72 h. When VLDL and HDL were added separately the parasitism increased when compared with the control. When VLDL and HDL were added concomitantly the parasitism decreased in relation to the control but with unexpected increase in arginase activity. The evaluation of IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA expression showed a decrease in the cells infected in the presence and absence of the fractions comparing with the uninfected cells. The results suggest an important effect of VLDL and HDL in the infection of THP-1 cells by L. (L.) infantum.

This study examined if multi-joint resistance exercises could elicit expression of biomarkers associated with neuroprotection. Thirteen well-trained males performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a one-repetition maximum (1RM) on the back squat, bench press, and deadlift. The biomarkers measured immediately pre- and post-exercise were brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cathepsin B (CatB), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). There was a main time effect (p<0.01) for BDNF with significant increases in the deadlift (p=0.01) and bench press (p=0.01) conditions, but not the squat (p=0.21). There was a main time effect (p<0.01) for IL-6 with a significant increase in the squat (p<0.01). There was no significant increase in CatB or IGF-1 (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant relationship between BDNF and IL-6 response. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-213) Shows that IGF-I peptides are effective in diminishing post-surgical catabolism and enhancing adaptive gut hyperplasia in rats recovering from massive small bowel resection.

xxiii, 222 leaves : ill., plates ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Shows that IGF-I peptides are effective in diminishing post-surgical catabolism and enhancing adaptive gut hyperplasia in rats recovering from massive small bowel resection. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1992

Obesity increases breast cancer risk and progression in postmenopausal women. The Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in tumors in response to increased levels of obesity-related growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Hence, we evaluated energy balance modulation as a mechanism for breast cancer prevention through modulation of Akt/mTOR. Studies suggest that dietary calcium can decrease weight gain, although an exact mechanism is not yet identified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of low-fat (10 kcal % fat) or high-fat (45 kcal % fat) diets containing either calcium phosphate (dairy) or calcium carbonate (supplement) on body weight in ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice to determine if dietary calcium could overcome the effects of a high-fat diet. We showed that dairy decreased body weight, with no effect on food consumption. However, it is not known if restoration of normal weight can reverse mammary tumor progression and/or Akt/mTOR pathway activation. To evaluate this, mice were fed a control diet, a calorie restricted regimen, or a diet-induced obesity (DIO) regimen for 17 weeks, after which the DIO mice were switched to the control diet, and this resulted in a 20% weight loss and mice of equal weight to control mice. MMTV-Wnt-1 mammary tumor cells were orthopically injected at week 20, following weight loss. At week 22, mice began placebo or RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor, treatment by oral gavage. Tumor growth and Akt/mTOR signaling were enhanced in formerly obese mice, despite reduction in weight, adiposity and serum hormone levels. RAD001 decreased tumor growth in the CR and control group, but was less effective in the formerly obese mice. In an additional study, we added a DIO gourp which was not switched to the control diet, and found that circulating IGF-1 levels remained significantly elevated in formerly obese mice relative to control and were comparable to levels in the DIO mice. We found that the mechanism of tumor progression was through enhanced Akt/mTOR signaling in both obese and formerly obese mice. Based on the Akt/mTOR activation in MMTV-Wnt-1 tumor growth and progression, we next investigated the anticancer effects of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene. It was previously shown that UA can affect Akt signaling. Our results showed that UA was effective decreasing tumor growth and Akt/mTOR signaling. Taken together, our findings show that the growth-enhancing effects of obesity on mammary tumor may persist even after weight loss and suggest that a combination of dietary and pharmacologic interventions targeting IGF-1/Akt/mTOR may be an effective strategy in the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer. / text

Older adults who stay physically and mentally active appear to have better cognitive function compared to their less active counterparts. In fact, those who perform either regular exercise or cognitive training (CT) can maintain and improve their cognitive functioning, even in their later years. Resistance training (RT) causes an increase in specific hormones that are responsible for improved brain functioning; however, many questions about how these hormones respond to RT are unanswered. Understanding how these hormones respond to RT can help researchers and clinicians create optimal training programs for older adults. Research shows that combining exercise and CT may be better for the brain compared to either activity performed alone; however, nobody has looked at RT combined with CT. We believe that combining RT and CT where CT is performed when an individual’s hormones are highest (right after RT) could have a big effect on brain function in a short period of time. This work represents a two-part study looked at: 1) how these hormones respond to a session of RT, and 2) the effect of combined RT and CT on cognitive function in older adults. Our participants performed CT immediately after RT, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Specific hormones which are important for brain function were measured immediately before and for 2 hours after an acute bout of RT before and after 8-weeks of RT. Cognitive function was measured before and after the RT training period. Our primary findings were: 1) significant increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor immediately after RT and 2) participants cognitive function improved after 8 weeks of training. This is important because short-term combined RT and CT can lead to significant improvements in cognitive functioning. Also, this work will allow researchers to begin designing exercise programs that can maximize the brain’s ability to change, even at an old age. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 15:29:35.509