In recent years research has recognised that notions of body image, body image ideals and body dissatisfaction develop much earlier than was once thought. However, the growing body of evidence in this area of research is predominantly quantitative. This study was designed to engage children in the five to six year age group using qualitative methods and present their notions of body image through the looking glass of the children's own eyes. Children's voices have not often found their way into research. Concerns about their powers of communication, cognitive abilities and the ethical difficulties inherent when working with children have restricted their participation. Objective, empirical evidence suggests that if one engages children in research appropriately they are able to make a significant contribution. Forty-seven children (25=m; 22=f) aged between five and six years were interviewed on three occasions over 12 months regarding their perceptions of body image. Seven schools from the Independent school system were involved. Interviews were conducted on school sites in public, easily observable locations. The study focused on three aspects. That is, how these children perceived their own body, the bodies of other people and their notions of health in respect to body image. These interviews revealed that the girls in this age group had developed an understanding of body image that valued thinness. However, their preference for a thinner body did not negatively impact on their sense of identity or self-worth. Boys preferred larger bodies and correlated increased body size with competence and physical aptitude. The concept of 'large' was linked to height for some or to a mesomorphic body for other boys. By the final interview all the children revealed strong negative perceptions of fatness. These perceptions were more apparent at each successive interview. An obese or extremely thin body was not always correlated with being unhealthy. Depending on the perspective of the child, even the largest of images was nominated the 'healthiest body' by some children. Health was overwhelmingly linked to food intake with few children associating health with exercise. The playground and the home, where most notably mothers, were important in the development of body image conceptions. Children were acutely aware of the dietary practices of their parents and associated diets with losing weight. / PhD Doctorate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-217).

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).

<p>The levels of unemployment are unusually high compared to recent years, and the consequences are diligently debated in media. Swedish safety systems regarding people’s welfare have gone through changes lately which affected the situation negatively for many concerned citizens. This study aimed to illustrate individual’s situation of unemployment within their social context. We chose to focus on the respondent’s experiences, influences and managing skills pertaining to the situation of unemployment. Seven interviews with unemployed men and women, aged 21-64, where executed based on a qualitative approach. These interviews resulted in the empirical material which were compiled and analyzed. The theoretical standing point in this study was symbolic interactionism. The empirical material was also analyzed through the concepts of alienation, psychological illness, economical exposure and coping. The result of this study showed that all respondents experienced economical exposure according to their unemployment. This exposure lead to other quandary’s which contributed to development of coping strategies. Earlier research shows that unemployment is related to psychological illness which also was shown in this study. Alienation was nothing the respondents declared experience from according to that unemployment was common in their social contexts. On the contrary indirect alienation appeared in the empirical material based on individual situations.</p>

Syftet med denna studie var att få en insikt i förskollärares syn på ärlighet och dess betydelse med koppling till kommunikation och samspel i förskolans verksamhet. Undersökningen har bidragit med en fördjupad förståelse av ärlighetens betydelse i kommunikation och samspel mellan olika individer i förskolan. Bidraget av den ökade förståelse och kunskapen om begreppen är till nytta för de människor i samhället som är intresserade av kommunikation, samspel och ärlighet i olika verksamheter, institutioner eller i privatliv.  Kunskapen har uppnåtts genom att intervjua sex förskollärare från två förskolor samt genom att ha analyserat och kritiskt granskat artiklar och annan vetenskaplig litteratur inom ämnet. Studiens frågeställningar var följande: Hur definierar förskollärare god kommunikation och ett gott samspel? Vad innebär ärlighet respektive oärlighet för förskollärare samt i vilka situationer kan dessa begrepp komma i konflikt med varandra? Och, hur hanterar förskollärare situationer där begreppen ärlighet och oärlighet tvingas tillämpas i praktiken? Kvalitativ intervjumetod, av den semistrukturerade typen, har använts vid insamling av empiri. Symbolisk interaktionism har används som teori och perspektiv i denna studie. Resultatet visade att förskollärarnas syn på ärlighet ansågs vara betydelsefull i kommunikation och samspel med barn och vuxna i förskolans verksamhet. Vita lögner visade sig vara accepterat i vissa situationer för att skydda sig själva eller för att skydda barnet. Respondenterna betraktade vuxna som förebilder och förväntas genom omsorg, fostran och lärande att lära barn att bli ärliga och goda samhällsmedborgare. God kommunikation och ett gott samspelsklimat handlade om att våga uttrycka tankar och åsikter samt att kunna stå för sina ord menade respondenterna. Ärligheten ansågs även vara betydelsefull för att erhålla en god kommunikation och ett gott samspelsklimat. / The purpose of this study was to gain an insight into the preschool teachers' views on honesty and its importance related to communication and interplay in preschool. The study has contributed to a deeper understanding of the importance of honesty in the communication and interaction between individuals in preschool. The contribution of the increased understanding and knowledge of the concepts for the benefit of the people in the community who are interested in communication, interaction or interplay and honesty in various businesses, institutions or in private life. Knowledge is achieved by interviewing six preschool teachers from two preshools, and by analyzing and critically reviewed articles and other scientific literature on the subject. The study's questions were: How does preschool teachers define good communication and good interplay? What does honesty or dishonesty mean to preschool teachers as well as the situations in which these concepts can come into conflict with each other? And, how do preschool situations where the concepts of honesty and dishonesty have to be applied in practice? Qualitative interview method, the semi-structured type, have been used in the collection of empirical data. Symbolic interactionism is used as theory and perspective in this study. The results showed that preschool teachers' views on honesty were considered significant in communication, interaction and interplay with children and adults in preschool. White Lies proved to be acceptable in some situations to protect themselves or to protect the child. Respondents considered adults as role models and is expected by the care, nurturing and learning to teach children to become honest and good citizenship. Good communication and good interplay climate was about to dare to express ideas and opinions and to meet its words meant respondents. Honesty was also considered important to obtain a good communication and good interplay climates.

Submitted by Denize Lourenço (biblicfp@cfp.ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-12-29T14:02:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOCEILTON CANDIDO ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 17746003 bytes, checksum: 82c2e068bc42ea3f9b057bcb6983647b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-29T14:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOCEILTON CANDIDO ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 17746003 bytes, checksum: 82c2e068bc42ea3f9b057bcb6983647b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Esta pesquisa se propôs analisar propostas de produção texto no livro didático de Língua Portuguesa com base no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo. A relevância de discutir essa temática se dá pelas seguintes razões: a atividade de produção textual revela-se um campo de investigação sugestivo, desafiador, ao mesmo tempo em que ocupa centralidade nas orientações normativas do ensino, também representa uma importante dimensão para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa e para o exercício da cidadania. O Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo tem se caracterizado como uma abordagem que concebe o ensino dos gêneros, chamando atenção para os aspectos contextuais que influenciam a qualidade desse ensino, tais como a noção de contexto sociossubjetivo proposto por Bronckart (2012). Além do mais, as pesquisas têm revelado a importância do livro didático como recurso indispensável ao ensino da linguagem, além de ser uma das principais ferramentas pedagógicas de apoio ao professor. Dessa forma, nos propomos a responder de que modo os pressupostos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo são aplicados em propostas de produção de texto nos livros didáticos, especificamente, o contexto sociossubjetivo? Buscamos responder esse questionamento apoiando-nos, além de Bronckart, em Schneuwly e Dolz, nas orientações gerais de Bakhtin, Vygotsky e teóricos que seguem a abordagem sociodiscursiva, a exemplo de Marcuschi. O caminho metodológico trilhado é o de natureza aplicada e de abordagem quali-quantitativa. O corpus foi constituído pela coleção de livros didáticos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental: Português Linguagens de Willian Roberto Cereja e Thereza Cochar Magalhães. A partir do levantamento e classificação das propostas escritas da coleção, realizamos por amostragem, a análise de seis propostas. Os critérios de análise coadunam com os nossos objetivos específicos: investigar se nas propostas de produção textual há a indicação do gênero a ser produzido; e verificar se as propostas de produção de textos enfocam o contexto sociossubjetivo (lugar social, posição social do emissor, posição social do receptor e objetivo). Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que o livro não leva em consideração o contexto comunicativo de forma plena, pois apenas 25% das propostas contemplam todas as categorias de análise. Concluímos que ainda há a necessidade de ampliação e diversificação de estratégias para o ensino de gêneros, pois não basta apenas a exploração de aspectos estruturais, mas, sobretudo os contextuais. Assim, elaboramos uma proposta de intervenção com base nos pressupostos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, redimensionando atividades retiradas do livro, uma vez que consideramos extremamente importante essa direção. / This study intended to analyze text production proposals in the textbook of Portuguese based on Sociodiscursive Interactionism Theory. The relevance of discussing this issue occurs for the following reasons: the textual production activity proves to be a suggestive and challenging research field, while occupying centrality in guidelines established by the school, it also represents an important dimension to the development of communicative competence and citizenship. Sociodiscursive Interactionism Theory has been characterized as an approach that conceives the teaching of genres focusing on contextual factors that influence the quality of the teaching, such as the notion of sociosubjetive context proposed by Bronckart (2012). Furthermore, the researches have revealed the importance of the textbook as an essential resource to language teaching as well as being one of the main pedagogical tools to support teacher. Thus, we propose to answer how the Sociodiscursive Interactionism Theory assumptions are applied in text production proposals in textbooks, specifically, the sociosubjetive context? We seek to answer this question by supporting us, besides Bronckart apud Schneuwly and Dolz, the general guidelines of Bakhtin, Vygotsky and theorists who follow the sociodiscursive approach, like Marcuschi. The methodological path followed is the applied nature and qualitative and quantitative approach. The corpus was constituted by the collection of textbooks for the final years of elementary school: Português Linguagens by Willian Roberto Cereja and Thereza Cochar Magalhães. From the survey and classification of the written proposals of the collection, we conducted by sampling the analysis of six proposals. The analysis criteria are in line with our specific objectives: to investigate whether the textual production of proposals contains an indication of its genre to be produced; and to verify that the texts production proposals focus on the sociosubjetive context (social position, social position of the issuer, social position of the receiver and goal). The results confirmed the hypothesis that the book does not take into account the communicative context fully, because only 25% of the proposals include all the categories of analysis. We conclude that there is still the need for expansion and diversification of strategies for teaching genres, it is not enough just exploring structural aspects, but mainly contextual ones. So, we prepared a proposal for intervention based on the assumptions of Sociodiscursive Interactionism Theory, by redimensioning activities from the book, since we consider extremely important to following that direction.

The purpose of this study was to study experiences of everyday racism in individuals with overseas cultural backgrounds from outside situations. The study was made with five qualitative interviews. Theories that’s been used are about everyday racism, stereotypes, symbolic interactionism and Cooleys looking glass self. The result show that all the respondents have experienced everyday racism in a variety of situations in different places/environments. They have described situations where they have been ignored/excluded, stereotyped, exposed of grossly words and prejudices about their personality. Symbolic interactionism can explain everyday racism based on how the situations are defined, how situations change, which affects the interaction depending on how specific strong symbols are understood; like skin tone and a person looks. / Syftet med studien är att studera upplevelser av vardagsrasism hos individer med utomeuropeiska kulturella bakgrunder. Teori som använts är hur vardagsrasism kan förstås, stereotyper, symbolisk interaktionism gällande fem hörnstenar och Cooleys spegeljag. Det har gjorts fem kvalitativa intervjustudier där det framkommer att vardagsrasism sker på de flesta samhällsområdena i vardagslivet med undantag för fredade zoner som förorter. I intervjuerna framkom det att vardagsrasismen uttrycks genom exkludering, stereotypifiering, grova glåpord som till exempel blatte och svartskalle, fördomar om ens personlighet och att göras annorlunda/olik andra. Med symbolisk interaktionism kan vardagsrasismen förstås med hur situationer är föränderliga som påverkar interaktionen vilket beror på särskilda symboler; som hudfärg och utseende.

Abstract Title: SFI- individualized? A qualitative study on students who combine SFI with work.   A report published by the Government regarding the individualization of the education of Swedish For Immigrants (SFI) has shown that the individualization of SFI studies is essential for students who combine their studies with work. The report also arises a problem, namely that there are largely SFI students working in parallel with their studies that choose to cancel their SFI studies. This became the starting point for our study. What is requested in the SOU report is individual adaptation to a greater extent, especially when the working SFI students are able to complete the education. With our study we aim to understand how these working students experience individualization and the ability to combine work and study effectively, the starting point being that individualization is necessary for students. To gather empirical material for our study we have done a qualitative research including 14 interviews with SFI students who combine their studies with work. After gathering our empirical material from our interviews, we then presented the results and analyzed them with the help of our theories. The theories used in this study are Herbert Blumer's “symbolic interactionism” and Magnus Persson’s “educational resources”.   Based on the study results it appears from several students that most SFI students feel that individualization is needed, but that it is currently inadequate and perceived as problematic by the students. The lack of individualization is made visible in everyday teaching, where the experiences and the consequences of it mean the following; Through the study we have found that in the SFI classes there are major differences among students' knowledge in the Swedish language and their conditions for learning. Nevertheless, these students are put in the same class and have the same school information to solve, which indicates that an individualization of the studies is missing. We have also come to understand that SFI students family situation has a major influence on how they choose to conduct their SFI studies. However, what influences students more in how they feel that the studies are individualized to their needs, are the SFI students earlier educational resources which becomes an important part in this study.

190f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-07-04T18:32:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Virginia Teles Carneiro.pdf: 807997 bytes, checksum: 467f1ac35410091b62f22c0487736326 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-07-09T16:41:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Virginia Teles Carneiro.pdf: 807997 bytes, checksum: 467f1ac35410091b62f22c0487736326 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-09T16:41:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado - Virginia Teles Carneiro.pdf: 807997 bytes, checksum: 467f1ac35410091b62f22c0487736326 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo desta tese é compreender como estudantes de psicologia tornam-se psicólogos profissionais. Para isso, o interacionismo simbólico e a etnometodologia foram adotadas como referências teóricas que dão sustentação ao estudo. Os meios escolhidos para gerar dados foram entrevistas narrativas e descrições das percepções da pesquisadora contidas em diários de campo. Onze estudantes de psicologia foram entrevistados pouco antes da conclusão da graduação e, novamente, aproximadamente após um ano da concessão da primeira entrevista. Através da interpretação dos dados, defende-se a tese que os estudantes de psicologia tornam-se psicólogos profissionais a partir da interação social, de modo que essa transição é profundamente marcada por perspectivas coletivas, ou seja, desenvolvidas em grupo. Os estudantes ingressam no curso de psicologia carregando valores da cultura leiga que definem, de forma difusa, a profissão de psicólogo. Para transformarem-se em estudantes de psicologia, precisam tornar-se membros de uma cultura estudantil específica e mudar a visão inicial do trabalho do psicólogo. Ao deixarem a universidade, os egressos não têm o mesmo ânimo idealista de quando eram calouros, pois vislumbram as dificuldades relacionadas à como, efetivamente, irão conseguir ocupar um lugar no mundo do trabalho. Quando se tornam psicólogos de fato, passam a fazer uso de valores pertencentes à cultura profissional, sentindo o peso da responsabilidade de suas ações através da expectativa de outros atores presentes na situação. Ao explorar a dimensão subjetiva da experiência dos estudantes em uma perspectiva interacionista, o estudo explicita como ocorrem certas escolhas dos atores envolvidos na situação, e que tipo de suporte social está em jogo nas suas tomadas de decisão, trazendo à tona um modo original de interpretar a vida universitária. The aim of this thesis is to understand how psychology students become professional psychologists. For this, symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology were used as theoretical references that support the study. The tactics chosen to generate data were narrative interviews and descriptions of the researcher’s perceptions contained in field diaries. Eleven psychology students were interviewed shortly before graduation and, again, about a year after granting the first interview. Through the interpretation of the data, it is defended the thesis that psychology students become professional psychologists through social interaction, so this transition is deeply marked by collective perspectives, i.e., group developed. Students enroll in Psychology degree carrying values of the lay culture that diffusely define the profession of psychologist. To turn into psychology students, they must become members of a specific student culture and change their initial vision of the psychologist’s work. Upon leaving the university, the graduates do not have the same idealistic spirit of when they were freshmen, since they catch a glimpse of the difficulties related to how, effectively, occupy a place in the world of labor. When they effectively become psychologists, they start to make use of values belonging to professional culture, feeling the weight of responsibility for their actions through the expectations of other actors present in the situation. By exploring the subjective dimension of student’s experience in an interactionist perspective, this study shows how certain choices of the actors involved in the situation occurs, and what kind of social support is at stake in their decision making, bringing out an original way of interpreting college life. / Salvador