This thesis deals with the communication between primary school representatives, foreign students and their parents. Our primary focus is the use of professional community interpreting and child language brokering for this purpose. In the theoretical part of our paper we firstly describe migration in the Czech Republic and then introduce the two main points of interest: community interpreting and child language brokering with a focus on the school setting. The empirical part of this study presents the results of our research, that was conveyed as a case study. Our aim was to analyze how certain primary schools in Prague communicate with students and parents who do not speak Czech; to what extent they use community interpreters and what is their opinion on the role of interpreter at school and on this service in general. We also asked the schools whether and how often they request the foreign students to act as interpreters and to what extent they feel this solution is acceptable in various situations. In order to obtain a comprehensive view, we conveyed a similar survey among community interpreters. We discovered that community interpreting is not a common solution in overcoming language barriers in the selected schools. Even though they perceive this service in a positive way, they struggle with...

The thesis focuses on possibilities of spoken and sign language interpreter training in the Czech Republic and Austria. The theoretical part describes the situation of the deaf in the Czech Republic and in Austria and explains the terms connected with communication of the deaf. Furthermore, it contains a brief overview of the history of spoken and sign language interpreter training and a description of the conditions for interpreters in both countries respectively. The most detailed chapters of the theoretical part deal with training institutions for spoken and sign language interpreters. The main focus is on the Institute of Translation studies at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague and the Department of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of University of Graz. The empirical part presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among Master students of the two institutes who evaluated how well the university prepares them for their future career.

Masters of Art / This thesis examines how two narrators construe their experiences of the same events differently through the linguistic choices that they make, through a systemic functional analysis, as well as a genre analysis of two testimonies. The Human Rights Violations (HRV) hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) allowed testifiers to tell stories of their experiences during apartheid. The selected testimonies refer to the events that led up to the arrest and eventual torture of Faried Muhammad Ferhelst, as told by himself and his mother, Minnie Louisa Ferhelst. Theframeworks used to analyse the testimonies are drawn from the transitivity and genre theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics. A clausal analysis of the transitivity patterns is used to compare the ways in which the testifiers construct their identities and roles when recounting their stories. The transitivity analysis of both testimonies shows that both Mrs Ferhelst and Faried Ferhelst construe themselves as the Affected participant through Material, Mental and Verbal clauses, and construe the police as the Causers, mostly through Material clauses. A genre analysis revealed that both testimonies took the form of narratives, in particular the Recount, a typical genre for relating narratives of personal experience. This research project also explores how the original Afrikaans versions of the testimonies differ from the translated English versions, available online on the TRC website. The Afrikaans versions were transcribed by the researcher from audio-visual records. A transitivity analysis reveals that the interpretation of the Afrikaans testimonies is fairly accurate, with a minimum loss of meaning. Thus in the case of these testimonies, the actual online record in English is an accurate reflection of their stories. / South Africa

In the last fifteen to twenty years there has been increasing agreement about the phenomenon of insight, but a clear mechanism for insight is not yet understood. The present study examines nine different approaches to the experience of insight: the holistic approach of gestalt psychology; the existential approach of phenomenological psychology; the puzzle-problem approach of cognitive psychology; the creative approach of genius, dreams, design and invention; the representational approach of models; the case-study approach of great minds; the metaphors-of-mind approach; the intersubjective approach of psychotherapy, and the body-mind-spirit continuum approach of spirituality to insight. The distinctive value of this qualitative research lies in the opportunity to interview the research participants to get rich descriptions, not only about their experiences of significant insight and the conditions under which they occurred, but also to investigate the results of their insights. Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu’s insight, in prayer before the Soweto Uprising, resulted in him writing a historic letter of warning to the Prime Minister. Debbie Brown had a series of insights in therapy and while listening to music, about responding to her husband’s long-term infidelity; the results were totally unexpected and expressed in a contemporaneous e-mail. Sir Roger Penrose’s experience of insight was subliminal as he crossed a road and needed to be re-membered later from a lingering feeling of elation; it resulted in a scientific proof about black holes. Tony Grogan’s insights and associations occurred while scanning the news and were expressed in a socio-political cartoon form for the Cape Times newspaper. The particular findings include the necessity for awareness and disposition of openness, the importance of confronting and containing the problematic raw material, and the significance of the moments of ‘impact’ and ‘interpreting’. Insight is seen as crucial to the quality of understanding, transcending the usual or dominant way of seeing things, as key to a self-actualising process and as self-authenticating yet tested in the public realm. At each occurrence of insight understanding develops and action is enabled. The relationship between insight and sight, foresight and humour, is discussed. The qualitative research findings are considered in relation to recent neurobiological research. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

[pt] O objetivo desse trabalho é melhor compreender a situação atual da formação de intérpretes de conferência de línguas orais-auditivas no Brasil. O primeiro objetivo é mapear o cenário diverso de formação de intérpretes no país e o segundo é comparar o currículo e as práticas desses cursos com as chamadas melhores práticas de formação de intérpretes recomendadas pela Associação Internacional de Intérpretes de Conferência (AIIC). Após a apresentação de algumas propostas para o ensino de interpretação, fundamentadas em textos de Danica Seleskovitch e Marianne Lederer, David Sawyer, Donald Kiraly e Rosemary Arrojo, é traçado um breve panorama da história da formação de intérpretes no Brasil e no mundo e o papel proeminente da AIIC nesse processo. Seguem-se os perfis dos cursos participantes da pesquisa: três de pós-graduação, três de graduação, um sequencial e quatro livres, que serão analisados à luz das melhores práticas da AIIC. O estudo desenvolvido nos permite concluir que, apesar de nenhum curso atender integralmente aos quesitos recomendados pela AIIC, o ensino de intérpretes no Brasil está no caminho para a profissionalização. / [en] The aim of this thesis is to better understand the current scenario of spoken-language conference interpreter training in Brazil. The first aim is to map out the diverse scenario of interpreter training and the second, to compare the curriculum and practices of these different courses with AIIC Conference Interpreter Training best practices. Some proposals for interpreter training were presented, based on the work of Danica Seleskovitch e Marianne Lederer, David Sawyer, Donald Kiraly and Rosemary Arrojo; and an overview of the history of conference interpreter training in Brazil and around the world was made, highlighting AIIC s prominent role in this process. These are the profiles of the courses that took part in the survey: three graduate-level courses, three undergraduate level, one extension course and four commercial courses. Their practices were analyzed according to AIIC s best practices for interpreter training. We concluded that even though no school has fully met all AIIC s recommended criteria, interpreter training in Brazil is on the path to professionalization.

Orientador: Inaicyra Falcão dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortes_GustavoPereira_D.pdf: 6197809 bytes, checksum: 672d69dd0dfdcb1f08cdb581ab2c2a6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado apresenta uma proposta metodológica para a compreensão e análise de processos de criação em danças brasileiras. Tal trabalho utiliza três pilares fundamentais para a realização do estudo: A Vivência Ancestral, a Dramaturgia e as Matrizes Tradicionais de manifestações da cultura brasileira, para a construção de uma metodologia intitulada Tradução da Tradição. Os estudos são norteados pela análise e compreensão dos trabalhos com as danças brasileiras mediante à experiência do Grupo Sarandeiros, de Belo Horizonte. Ao proceder como um pesquisador-artista, assume-se um engajamento com a produção de um conhecimento que une prática e teoria. Desta maneira, uma pesquisa acadêmica, sob o domínio das artes, deve sempre trazer algo novo, que permita um novo olhar sobre uma prática artística / Abstract: This thesis presents a methodology for understanding and analyzing creative processes in Brazilian dances. This work uses three fundamental pillars for the study: The Ancestral Experience the Dramaturgy and Traditional Matrices manifestations of Brazilian culture, to build a methodology entitled Translation of Tradition. The studies are guided by the analysis and understanding of the work with Brazilian dances through the experience of Sarandeiros group, of Belo Horizonte. To proceed as a researcher-artist, assumes up an engagement with the production of knowledge that unites theory and practice. In this manner, academic research, under the domain of the arts, should always bring something new, which allows a new look at an artistic practice / Doutorado / Artes da Cena / Doutor em Artes da Cena

Orientador: Maria Viviane do Amaral Veras / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AdrianoClaytonda_M.pdf: 7559471 bytes, checksum: 40c072d7134e33deee1a0d50dc5c62a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Ainda há poucos trabalhos acadêmicos explorando as possibilidades da tradução em ambientes multissemióticos como as Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQs), embora estas sejam cada vez mais consumidas, o que inclui as traduzidas. Nas HQs, as imagens, como as palavras, têm significados diferentes em cada sociedade e, por esse motivo, precisam ser consideradas na tradução. Imagens, palavras e elementos quadrinísticos (EQ) ¿ como o balão ou a onomatopeia ¿ representam um grande desafio ao tradutor, especialmente quando as imagens e os EQ não podem ser modificados por questões de direitos autorais. Esta dissertação pesquisou a tradução nas HQs, tendo como objetivo entender como os elementos não verbais afetam as escolhas do tradutor. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, documental, descritiva e interpretativa, ou seja, dependente da sensibilidade e interpretação do pesquisador. O corpus compreendeu quatro álbuns impressos de HQ do personagem francês Asterix, com suas versões na língua original e as respectivas traduções para o público brasileiro. A pesquisa mostrou-se profícua e proveitosa, pois exigiu, além da fundamentação teórica no campo dos estudos de Tradução, a busca por outras teorias nos campos das Artes, da Linguística Aplicada, da Semiótica entre outros. Especial destaque à Multimodalidade e à Paratradução, ferramentas teóricas que permitem repensar as imagens e a tradução. Como resultado, concluiu-se que as imagens e os EQ influenciam muito as escolhas do tradutor, pois seu trabalho e liberdade ficam restritos ao interior dos balões, ao título, às notas de rodapé e a outros raros locais dentro de um quadrinho. Mais do que restrita, a tradução tem de se encaixar em espaços originalmente não previstos para ela, e ainda deve estar em "harmonia" com o que as imagens e EQs "dizem" em cada vinheta e no contexto geral do álbum, tira, cartum ou qualquer um dos gêneros possíveis do supergênero HQ. O tradutor então deve conhecer não apenas as línguas/culturas de chegada e de partida, mas também os elementos imagéticos, e outros sistemas semióticos e simbólicos, que afetam os diversos contextos sociais que vão surgindo na interação entre imagens, EQs e palavras / Abstract: There are few academic papers exploring the possibilities of the translation in multisemiotic environments, like the Comics, although the consumption of them is increasing, including the translated ones. In the comics, the images, as the words, have different meanings in each society and, therefore, need to be considered in translation. Images, words and exclusive comic elements (ECE) - as the balloon or onomatopoeia - represent a major challenge to the translator, especially when the images and the ECE cannot be modified by copyright issues. The aim of this study was to understand how non-verbal elements affect the translator's choices. The methodology was qualitative, documentary, descriptive and interpretive, i.e. dependent on the sensibility and interpretation of the researcher. Data analysis was conducted using four printed comic albums of the French character Asterix, with their versions in the original language and their translations for the Brazilian public. The research has been proved fruitful and profitable because it required, in addition to the theoretical foundation in the field of translation studies, the search for other theories in the fields of Arts, Applied Linguistics, Semiotics and others. Special emphasis was given to Multimodality and Paratranslation, theoretical tools that allow rethinking of the images and translations. As a result, it was concluded that the images and ECE really influence the translator's choices, since their work and freedom are limited to places such as interior of balloons, the title, the footnotes and other rare places in a frame. More than limited, the translation has to fit into spaces originally not planned for it. And it must be in "harmony" with the images and what the ECE are "saying" in each frame and in the general context of the album, strip, cartoon or any of the possible genres of the Comic Supergenre. The translator, therefore, must not only know the source/target languages and cultures, but must also know the pictorial elements and other semiotic and symbolic systems that affect the numerous social contexts that arise in the interplay between images, ECE and words / Mestrado / Linguagem e Sociedade / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Language brokering is known as the translating transaction between two individuals. This study seeks to investigate the language brokering which occurs between Latino parents and their children. In particular, it seeks to examine Latino parents' comfort level in different brokering settings/places and with different individuals.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2017 / This study examines the translation of idioms and fixed expressions between Tshivenḓa and English. The aim of the study is to explore factors that lead to the mistranslation of idioms and fixed expressions between the two languages. The study presents problems that are encountered in the translation of the idioms and fixed expressions between these languages and looks at translation strategies that can be used. In translating idioms, the translator encounters various difficulties that are not usually easy to overcome mainly due to lack of equivalence. It is rare to come across an idiom in the source language that shares the same form and meaning in the target language. In order to deal with the problems that arise in the process of translation, translators use various strategies. Among others, the translator must have extensive knowledge about the function of idioms in the source and target languages. From the data collected, the study revealed that there are numerous problems that the translator comes across in the process of translation. These include the ambiguity of idioms; idioms expressing meaning at a literal level; idioms that do not exist in the target language and the frequency of use of an idiom. The study adopted the qualitative research approach to collect and analyse data. Through use of this approach, it was noted that the translator needs to take into account cultures associated with the languages involved as well as the context in the translation process. The translation of idioms cannot be properly done without considering the impact of culture. A translator must be well-versed in the culture of both the source and target languages. It is important for one to know that language and culture are two entities that are inseparable. Idioms and fixed expressions express the uniqueness of the language and culture of the respective languages. Therefore, translators must have a comprehensive knowledge base of both languages and cultural context. From the recommendations made in this study, the following are the most prominent ones: Linguists should be exposed to idiomatic expressions in order to enhance their knowledge of the translation of idioms and fixed expressions. There are instances where idioms are translated literally because the translator does not understand or recognise the idiom. Therefore, this study recommends that translators need to learn more about idioms in order to have better understanding of translation of idioms and fixed expressions. Translators need to learn more about the translation strategies that are available to deal with the translation of idioms and fixed expressions. The first strategy is translation by using an idiom of similar meaning and form. This strategy involves using an idiom in the target language consisting of equivalent lexical items, which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom. The second strategy is translation by idioms of similar meaning but dissimilar form. This strategy uses an idiom in the target language which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or expression, but consists of different lexical items. The third strategy is translation by paraphrasing. In this strategy, the translator transfers the meaning of an idiom using a single word or a group of words which roughly correspond to the meaning of the idiom but is not an idiom itself. The fourth strategy is translation by omission. This is used to completely omit the idiom from the target text where there is no close match between the items of the two languages. Where the idiom is very difficult for the translator, one tries to eliminate the whole part of the idiom. The fifth strategy is translation by a superordinate. This strategy is used to solve the problem of non-equivalence across languages because the hierarchical structure of semantic fields is not language specific. This strategy involves translation by a more neutral and less expressive word. Lastly, it is translation by cultural substitution which is a method that requires the replacement of a culture-specific item or expression with a target language one that has no exact meaning, but has an impact on the target reader. However, this study recommends translation by idioms of similar meaning with a dissimilar form. The researcher believes that this strategy provides the closest meaning of the idiom in the target language. Idioms might not be the same in form but the meaning can be derived from the idiom with a dissimilar form.

Riksdagen beskrivs ibland som Sveriges demokratiska och politiska hjärta. Alla medborgare ska kunna delta i den demokratiska diskussionen. Personer med hörselnedsättning och dövhet fick denna rättighet år 2000. Denna studie har undersökt teckenspråkstolkningen av en partiledardebatt i Sverigesriksdag. Fokus i studien har varit teckenspråkstolkars så kallade copingstrategier, dvs. språkliga och tolktekniska strategier i tolkningen som används för att säkerställa tolkningens kvalitet. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ, diskursanalytisk ansats. Materialet består av en tre timmar och 35 minuter lång filmad partiledardebatt samt en semistrukturerad intervju med en teckenspråkstolk med lång erfarenhet från tolkning i riksdagen. I materialet har sju olika copingstrategier identifierats: processtid, bokstavering, adekvata utelämningar, adekvata tillägg, samarbete med teamtolken, parafrasering och konstruerat agerande. Förhoppningen är att genom systematisk beskrivning och analys synliggöra teckenspråkstolkning som profession, och hur denna i sin tur bidrar till tillgänglighet och inkludering i den svenska demokratin. / Sometimes the Swedish Parliament is described as the heart of the Swedish democracy and politics. Every Swedish citizen has the right to participate in the political discussion. People with a disabled hearing and deaf people got this right in 2000. This essay has examined the sign language interpretation of a party leader debate in the Swedish Parliament. The main focus of this essay has been the sign language interpreters’ usage of coping strategies, in other words, techniques of interpretation and linguistic strategies, which secure the quality of the interpretation. The study is based on a discourse analytical perspective with a qualitative approach. The results are based on a three hours and 35 minutes lasting, video-recorded debate between the leaders of the different parties of the Swedish Parliament, and on a semi-structured interview with a sign language interpreter with a long experience as an interpreter in the Swedish Parliament. Seven different coping strategies could be identified and analyzed: lag time, spelling, adequate omissions, adequate additions, cooperation with the team interpreter, paraphrasing, constructed acting. Hopefully, this systematic description and analysis can help to spread some light on the profession of sign language interpretation, and how it contributes to accessibility and inclusion into the Swedish democracy.