This study analyzes how the film Barbie from 2023 portrays different gender roles and power relations between men and women. The purpose of the study is to investigate how traditional gender norms and power relations are confirmed and questioned in the film. The film is about how Barbie lives in a fictional society that is a matriarchy. In the film, stereotypical Barbie and Ken encounter the patriarchy, which is then introduced into their world, leading to a rebellion between the men and the women. The theoretical framework consists of feminist film theory and framing theory. Analysis and results will be linked to the concepts: gender, patriarchy, stereotypes and previous research. The study's methodological approach consists of a qualitative thematic analysis where themes are made visible and analyzed in order to examine the film's message and portrayals of power relations and gender roles on a deeper level. The representation of gender and gender roles is analyzed based on the stylistic figure of irony. The results of the study indicate that the male and female characters maintain and challenge the stereotypical elements of men and women. The film portrays power relations by including scenes where traditional gender roles are turned upside down. With an ironic contrast, the expectations and behavioral patterns that exist in society are reinforced. Because the study has analyzed more deeply beyond the clear ironic and feminist elements, we have been able to highlight a problem with how gender roles and power relations are represented and how they reflect society. It becomes clear how the film reflects society's norms but also shows an awareness of gender roles and equality by problematizing these using, among other things, irony and a critical tone.

Sustainability and climate change are current topics in today's society. Companies must work more environmentally friendly and sustainably to meet society's demands. The strategies also require transparency throughout the entire process, from production to consumption. The companies' green sustainability responsibilities have often been shown to be incorrect or non-existent. This study aims to investigate how much skincare companies use strategies to portray green activities on Instagram. The study examines four skincare companies: The Body Shop, Rituals, Weleda, and Lumene. By analyzing their Instagram posts, the study highlights the frequency of strategies used to communicate green sustainable activities. Considering society's demands for environmental promotion and transparency, the study contributes to understanding how much skincare companies communicate their green responsibilities. The study is based on the theories of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and framing theory and was conducted through a quantitative content analysis of Instagram posts. The results showed that the companies portrayed other claims and messages to a greater extent than CSR and green activities. Furthermore, the results do not show any significant difference between the companies in terms of the use of strategies for green marketing communication.

This study aims to analyze and understand how the film Barbie (Gerwig, 2023) influences young people's perceptions of beauty ideals and body image. Through the analysis of body observation and beauty in the film Barbie, this research seeks to highlight how beauty ideals are portrayed in the film by young individuals. The purpose is also to identify and analyze if there is a perceived impact on self-esteem and identify any differences between genders. Using semi-structured interviews and analysis framed within sociocultural and gender theories, this research endeavors to comprehend young people's perceptions of the film Barbie. The age for participants in the study was determined to be 18-25 years and included both men and women, the number of participants was set at 10 individuals, five women and five men. The result showed that it is evident among the participants that the film portrays and questions traditional beauty ideals and gender roles in an exaggerated and satirical manner and that the film Barbie reflects societal beauty ideals and gender roles. Participants perceive that the beauty ideal in the film Barbie reflects both traditional and exaggerated beauty ideals for both men and women. Barbie and Ken represent the traditional beauty ideal - Barbie is described as slim and well-made-up with a symmetrical face, and Ken is perceived as well-toned and muscular. While some of the male participants do not feel directly affected by the beauty ideals portrayed in the film, the female participants demonstrate a negative impact on their self-esteem. It is also interesting to note that one of the male participants experienced a negative impact on his self-esteem and felt pressure to emulate the beauty ideals depicted in the film. In conclusion, there is a difference between genders regarding the film's impact on self-esteem, with women tending to be more negatively affected than men. However, the general impact does not seem to differ significantly between genders.

This study examines how the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet reports and portrays female elite athletes compared to male elite athletes in their sport supplement during 2023. In order to achieve the purpose of the studie, Aftonbladet ́s reporting during 2023 is examined through a quantitative content analysis. Based on framing theory and agenda setting theory, this study examined and discussed if Aftonbladet has an equal representation of male- and female elite athletes and whether there are stereotypical representations of the sexes in their reporting. Previous research states that female athletes are underrepresented in the media ́s sports coverage and are portrayed based on gender-specific stereotypes and norms. The result of this study shows that female elite athletes are underrepresented in Aftonbladet ́s sport supplement, which contributes to preserving traditional gender stereotypes and reinforcing traditional gender roles. The result also showed that Aftonbladet mediates representations based on traditional gender differences.

This scenario study focused on potential future demand of critical metals if the world strives for equitable use of technologies in the world in 2050. Smartphones and other electronics are increasing in the world and the consumption rate is high as the use-life generally are short. Technologies moving away from fossil fuels have increased in recent years and include solar cells and wind power in the energy sector and electric vehicles in the transportation sector. All these growing technologies are dependent on some specific metals. In some technological areas, the potential future use of specific metals have the risk to become critically scarce, as the use of these technologies increase. These technologies and their use of these potentially critical metals have been investigated in this scenario study, assuming equitable technology distribution in 2050. For metals which in the scenario study indicate critical supply, potential strategies have been screened. Rare earth elements have played a huge role improving wind turbines due to their use of neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium. Indium and tellurium are used to produce the new generation of solar cells. Lithium is important in electric vehicles and smartphone batteries. These potentially scarce metals might have the possibility to be substituted with other metals that can serve as a good enough substitution in these application. If these metals are substituted it is important that the substitution materials will not in themselves become critical. Substituting one critical metal with another might just result in the same unsustainable problems. These potentially scarce metals are also connected to some environmental consequences as demand is rapidly growing and mining is the main source for these metals. Another problem is that recycling rates are low and these metals often end up in landfills where they pose a risk of leaching hazardous or harmful substances. This scenario study showed supply limitations for the seven metals that were included. The outcome of this study resulted in the following conclusions:  Indium and tellurium have a risk to become extremely critical where neither reduced material intensity nor recycling can decrease demand enough.  Lithium demand Risks to become too high to support with current reserves and as material intensity is likely to increase, and recycling only can contribute with small shares in 2050, substitution is the preferable solution to the lithium scarcity.  Neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium demands can be reduced through reduced material intensity, but as they are dependent on other REEs the availability of these four metals will depend on the demand for other REEs  Materials under development as substitutions have to be studied regarding their availability and price sensitivity. Substituting one critical metal with another may result in similar problems for a new metal instead of a long-term solution. / <p>2017-05-02</p>

Bakgrund: I Sverige är tumörsjukdomar det, som efter sjukdomar i cirkulationsorganen, orsakar flest dödsfall. Det är sedan tidigare känt att människor som lever under sämre socioekonomiska förhållanden löper större risk att insjukna och avlida till följd av cancersjukdom. Likaså visar forskning att det finns skillnader i vårdkvaliteten inom cancervården till lägre utbildades nackdel. Men hur ser det ut gällande sjukdomsupptäckt, väntetider och behandlingsinsatser? Får alla cancerpatienter en jämlik vård och behandling oberoende av socioekonomisk status i Skandinavien?  Syfte: Att sammanställa befintlig litteratur om skillnader i sjukdomsupptäckt, väntetider och behandlingsinsatser för cancerpatienter med olika socioekonomisk status inom cancervården i Skandinavien.   Metod: Litteraturöversikt med 13 kvantitativa artiklar avseende skandinaviska förhållanden. Vid datainsamlingen användes databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Katie Erikssons omvårdnadsteori om lidande användes som vårdvetenskaplig utgångspunkt, och deduktiv metod valdes för genomförande av resultatanalysen.     Resultat: Resultaten presenteras under tre huvudkategorier; socioekonomiska skillnader i sjukdomsupptäckt, väntetider och behandlingsinsatser, och visar tydliga skillnader. I Skandinavien upptäcks cancer bland individer med hög utbildning och/eller hög inkomst tidigare än bland individer med lägre socioekonomisk status. Individer med hög socioekonomisk status har även avsevärt lägre risk att befinna sig i ett avancerat sjukdomsstadie vid tiden för diagnos, och erhåller oftare, och mer avancerade behandlingsinsatser.   Slutsats: Den skandinaviska, skattefinansierade cancervården är inte jämlik. Alla patienter får inte lika vård och behandling oberoende av socioekonomisk status. Individer med hög utbildning och hög inkomst gynnas, cancer upptäcks i tidigare stadie och de erhåller mer behandlingsinsatser i jämförelse med individer med lägre socioekonomisk status som får stå tillbaka. / Background: After diseases of the circulatory organs, cancer causes most deaths in Sweden. Previous studies indicate an effect of socioeconomic factors on the risk for being diagnosed with, as well as on survival of cancer in general. Furthermore, disparities in the quality of cancer care, related to socioeconomic status, has been exposed. But what is the current situation regarding disease detection, waiting times and treatment within the Scandinavian cancer care? Do all patients receive equal cancer care and treatment, regardless of socioeconomic status?  Aim: To compile existing literature on disparities in disease detection, waiting times and treatment for patients with different socioeconomic status within the Scandinavian cancer care.  Method: A literature review, including 13 articles of quantitative methodology, reflecting Scandinavian conditions. PubMed and CINAHL were used for data collection. The review is based on the nursing theory by Katie Eriksson. Deductive method was used for the implementation of the results analysis.  Results: The results are presented within three main categories; socioeconomic disparities in disease detection, waiting times and treatment. Cancer is detected earlier among patients with higher education and/or income. These patients also have considerably lower risk of being in an advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Patients with high socioeconomic status also receive more, and more advanced treatment, compared with patients with lower socioeconomic status.   Conclusion: The Scandinavian tax-funded cancer care is not equal. Not all patients receive equal care and treatment regardless of socioeconomic status. Cancer is detected at an earlier stage among patients with high education or high income, and they receive more treatment, in comparison to individuals with lower socioeconomic status, who are being disadvantaged.

Background: The number of people seeking asylum in Sweden reached a record level by 2015. Inequalities in the healthcare of migrants can lead to poor health outcomes and an unsatisfactory health meeting. Language translation is considered the minimum that should be offered to ensure the care recipients access to a good, safe and satisfactory care. Culture also has an impact on the recipient's experience of healthcare and consists of much that is unconscious and constantly changing in interaction with the individual's lived experience. Efforts to bridge the gap between migrant healthcare recipients and healthcare providers whom usually belong to a majority population, include the application of culturally competent care and strategies for "culture brokering". These methods do not however consider the lack of insight into the care recipient's cultural frame of reference. An Intercultural Mediator (IM) is themselves a migrant who, based on common denominators such as language, gender and shared experience of being immigrant can act as an intermediary or bridge builder during the healthcare meeting. Mediation can be used to highlight the care recipient's lifeworld story and promote a person-centered care that is not precluded by pre-defined opinions and stereotypes concerning the impact of culture, but instead addresses the person's vulnerability, resources and personal abilities. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate IM's specific role and how the IM can contribute to a more person-centered care in the context of the healthcare meeting of short duration within in-patient settings. Method: The study is based on ethnography conducted through participatory observation, informal dialogue at a healthcare clinic and hospital in Malta. Results: The results are based on four categories describing IM's role in the creation of person-centered care for migrant care recipients; Being a fellow human, creating a bridge between care recipients and care providers, being a part of the team and balancing power situations and creating cultural awareness. Conclusions: An IM is an important addition to healthcare agencies. IM utilizes the dyadic conversation preceding the healthcare meeting to establish trust and prepare the care recipient for the encounter. During the triadic meeting with the care recipient and caregiver, the IM interprets and ensures that the participants understand each other. The IM's presence creates space for the migrant care recipient to express his needs based on his everyday reality and cultural reference frame. In highlighting the care recipient's story, the IM is able to contribute to a more person-centered healthcare meeting, which may result in a better outcome. However, the lack of organisation of mediation services, lack of cultural awareness amongst care providers as well as exclusion from the healthcare practitioners' community of practice may hinder the effectiveness and stability of mediation services.

Bakgrund: Jämlik vård och att minska skillnader i hälsa är centrala mål för hälso- och sjukvården. Utifrån det anses sjuksköterskan utgöra en viktig roll genom att förbättra vården såväl som att möta patienter med respekt och med hänsyn till människors olikheter. Forskning visar att HBTQ-personer utsätts för diskriminering och marginalisering i samhället i stort men också inom vården vilket bidrar till sämre psykisk och fysik hälsa för dessa grupper. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors och HBTQ-personers erfarenheter från att mötas i vården. Metod: En induktiv kvalitativ litteraturstudie med queerperspektiv som teoretisk referensram genomfördes. Urvalet bestod av vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats och som beskriver möten mellan sjuksköterskor och HBTQ-personer i vården. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom sökningar i två databaser, CINAHL och MEDLINE och resulterade i nio artiklar som analyserades med temaanalys. Resultat: Erfarenheter från möten mellan sjuksköterskor och HBTQ-personer i vården beskrivs i tre teman: Sjuksköterskans kompetens, Humanitet i mötet och Tillgänglighet med det övergripande temat Stigmatisering relaterat till heteronormen. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor behöver ett normkritiskt förhållningssätt för att möta HBTQ-personer med respekt och utan diskriminering. Sjuksköterskans kompetens och attityd hänger samman med vårdens tillgänglighet för HBTQ-personer som också har betydelse för en mer jämlik hälsa. Heteronormen har en överordnad påverkan på alla de delar som har betydelse för HBTQ-personers hälsa och tillgång till god vård. Det behövs mer tvärvetenskaplig forskning inom ämnet för att skapa förändring mot en mer jämlik hälsa i samhället. / Background: Equal care and reducing differences in health are central goals for health care. Based on this, the nurse is considered to play an important role by improving care as well as meeting patients with respect and with regard to people's differences. Research shows that LGBTQ people are exposed to discrimination and marginalization in society at large but also in healthcare which contributes to poorer mental and physical health for these groups. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' and LGBTQ person's experiences from meeting in care. Method: Inductive qualitative literature study with a queer perspective as a theoretical frame was performed. The selection consisted of scientific articles with a qualitative approach and which describe meetings between nurses and LGBTQ persons in care. The data collection was performed through searches in two databases, CINAHL and MEDLINE and resulted in nine articles that were analysed with thematic analysis. Results: Experiences from meetings between nurses and LGBTQ persons in care are described in three themes: The nurse's competence, Humanity in the meeting and Accessibility with the overall theme Stigmatization related to heteronormativity. Conclusions: Nurses need a norm-critical approach to meet LGBTQ persons with respect and without discrimination. The nurse's competence and attitude is connected with the care's accessibility for LGBTQ persons, which is also important for a more equal health. The heteronormativity has an overall impact on all the parts that are important for LGBTQ person's health and access to good care. More interdisciplinary research in the subject is needed to create change towards a more equal health in society.

Background Substance use disorder [SUD] is a global problem and opioids is a growing partof the overdoses worldwide. Sweden has a high mortality rate related to narcotics compared tothe rest of the EU. Nurses meet people with SUD when people with SUD are seeking care. People with SUD are usually met with stigma and have a risk of getting worse care in a healthcare setting. Aim The aim with this study is to describe nurses’ experiences of meeting people with SUD. Method This study is a literature study. Seven qualitative articles were analyzed with acontent analysis approach. Results The results show that nurses had a sense of insecurity being present in the meetingwith people with SUD. The presence of insecurity comes from a more demanding care, afeeling of being vigilant, lack of information and that nurses’ integrity is under threat. Conclusions People with SUD are a vulnerable group with a risk of being exposed for carepanding and in many cases nurses experience a kind of insecurity while caring for them. / Bakgrund Beroendeproblematik är ett problem globalt där opiater står för en stor och ökadmängd överdoser. Sverige har en hög dödlighet kopplat till narkotika preparat i jämförelsemed resten av EU. Sjuksköterskor möter personer med beroendeproblematik när de sökervård. Personer med beroende möts av både stigma och riskerar sämre vård inom hälsosjukvården. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta personer medberoendeproblematik. Metod Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie. Sju kvalitativa artiklarna inkluderades ochinnehållsanalys valdes med en induktiv ansats. Resultat Resultatet visar på hur en upplevd osäkerhet är närvarande hos sjuksköterskor imötet med personer som har en beroendeproblematik. Upplevelserna innefattar att vården ärkrävande, ett ökat behov att vara vaksam, informationsbrist och att sjuksköterskor integritet ärhotad. Slutsats Personer med beroendeproblematik är en sårbar grupp som riskerar att utsättas förvårdlidande och som sjuksköterskor i flera fall upplever en osäkerhet i att vårda.

Graden av fysisk aktivitet skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället då människor med låg socioekonomisk status är mindre aktiva än människor med hög socioekonomisk status. Samhället står inför en utmaning att skapa mer jämlik hälsa och ge alla lika förutsättningar till fysisk aktivitet. Ett initiativ som arbetar för detta är Fritidsbanken som lånar ut fritidsutrustning. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur Fritidsbanken arbetar med att skapa förutsättningar för jämlik hälsa. Data utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra personer som arbetar med Fritidsbanken på lokal nivå i eller i närheten av socioekonomiskt utsatta områden samt med en person som arbetar på centrala Fritidsbanken. Resultatet visar att Fritidsbanken centralt inte har en särskild strategi att arbeta mot socioekonomiskt utsatta områden utan vill vara tillgängliga för alla och på det sättet främja en jämlik hälsa. Däremot finns lokala initiativ som riktar sig till socioekonomiskt utsatta områden. Strategin att inte rikta sig till en specifik målgrupp kan kopplas till en rädsla att stigmatisera exempelvis låntagare. Resultatet visar på vikten av samverkan med skola, idrottsrörelsen och samhällsorganisationer för att nå önskade resultat. Studiens resultat diskuteras med stöd av den socio-ekologiska modellen som förklarar relationen och sambandet mellan individ, grupp och samhälle och hur förändringar relaterar till makro- och mikronivå. Slutsatsen är att Fritidsbanken ger förutsättningar för ökad fysisk aktivitet i socioekonomiskt utsatta områden, även om verksamheten inte enbart riktar sig till boende i dessa områden. Däremot kan Fritidsbanken som ensam aktör inte verka för jämlik hälsa utan behöver samverka med samhällsorganisationer på alla nivåer för att det ska uppfyllas.