Deux mouvements théologiques et culturels actuellement en croissance rapide suscitent un intérêt mondial, Ibandla lamaNazaretha et les Rastafari. Fondé par le Zulu prédicateur Isaiah Shembe pendant les années 1910, Ibandla lamaNazaretha prend son origine d’une église hiérarchique célébrant dans des temples extérieurs dans la province de KwaZulu-Natal et inclut maintenant un certain nombre de factions regroupées autour de la péninsule de l’Afrique du Sud. Le groupe des Rastafari, quant à lui, né en Jamaïque, a commencé comme une idéologie à plusieurs têtes qui a fleuri dans des zones éparses de l’île des Caraïbes. Il découle des interprétations d’une prophétie généralement attribuée à Marcus Garvey, concernant un roi devant être couronné en Afrique (circa 1920), et qui fut appliquée aux années 1930, avec le couronnement de Ras Tafari Makonnen comme Haile Selassie I, 225e empereur d’Éthiopie. Les adhérents et sympathisants de ces deux mouvements se comptent en dizaines de millions et ils exercent plusieurs types d’influences, tant aux niveaux politique, théologique, social que culturel, en particulier en Afrique et dans les Caraïbes aujourd’hui. Cette thèse soutient que les deux, Ibandla lamaNazaretha et les Rastafari, perpétuent un amalgame entre le « Naziréat » de l’Ancien Testament (Nombres 6:1-8) et le « Nazaréen » de l’évangile de Matthieu (2:23), à travers la dévotion à un seigneur contemporain: Haile Selassie I dans le cas du mouvement Rastafari et Isaiah Shembe dans le cas du mouvement Ibandla lamaNazaretha. Dans ce cadre théologique, à la fois les Rastafari et Ibandla lamaNazaretha ont réanimé les anciens rites de purification judaïques du naziréat jusque-là disparus, et les ont également adaptés, dans le contexte du messianisme, aux préoccupations postcoloniales de l’autochtonie. Grâce à la persistance de l’autochtonie, l’influence des idéaux indiens de résistance non-violente, et l’appropriation des différents thèmes bibliques, les deux mouvements africains noirs ont habilité avec succès leurs membres « dépossédés ». Ils l’ont fait par la création de communautés liminales, alors que des modes de vie agraires et auto-suffisants s’épanouissent en dehors des auspices d’une élite dominante : une herméneutique du nazaritisme unifie les diverses racines hybrides africaines, judaïques, chrétiennes, indiennes, et européennes. / Two rapidly growing theological and cultural movements currently sparking global interest are Rastafari and Ibandla lamaNazaretha. Founded by the Zulu preacher Isaiah Shembe during the 1910s, Ibandla lamaNazaretha originated as a hierarchical church order that worships at outdoor temples in the province of KwaZulu-Natal and currently comprises a number of splinter groups centralized around the Southern African peninsula. Rastafari, however, born in Jamaica, commenced as a multi-headed ideology that blossomed in scattered pockets across the Caribbean island and stemmed from the interpretations of a prophecy generally attributed to Marcus Garvey about a king to be crowned in Africa (circa 1920) as applied to the 1930 coronation of Ras Tafari Makonnen as Haile Selassie I, 225th Emperor of Ethiopia. Today, Ibandla lamaNazaretha and Rastafari comprise adherents and sympathizers numbering in the tens of millions and their presences connote varying degrees of political, theological, social, and cultural influence, especially in Africa and the Caribbean today. This dissertation argues that both Ibandla lamaNazaretha and Rastafari perpetuate a conflation between the “Nazirite” from the Old Testament (Numbers 6:1-8) and the “Nazorean” of Matthew 2:23 through the hailing of a contemporaneous saviour: i.e. Haile Selassie I for Rastafari and Isaiah Shembe for Ibandla lamaNazaretha. Within this theological framework, both Rastafari and Ibandla lamaNazaretha have provided renewed life to the long defunct Ancient Judaic purification rites of the Nazirite, but have also adapted them in the context of messianism for the benefits of Africanness and the postcolonial concerns of indigeneity. Thus, through the persistence of indigeneity, the influence of Indian ideals of peaceful resistance, and the appropriation of various biblical themes, both Black African movements have successfully empowered the dispossessed by creating liminal communities wherein expressions of agrarian self-reliance flourish outside the auspices of a subjugating elite; a hermeneutic of naziritism unifies the discernable African, Judaic, Christian, Indian, and European hybridic roots.

xi, 180 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation examines the relationship between British and American conceptualizations of the Anglophone Caribbean and the way that Anglophone Caribbean fiction writers and filmmakers tend to represent the region. Central to my project is the process of reexportation, whereby Caribbean artists attain success at home by first achieving renown abroad. I argue that the primary implication of reexportation is that British and American conceptualizations of the Anglophone Caribbean have had a determining effect upon attempts by Anglophone Caribbean fiction writers and filmmakers to represent the region. Chapter I introduces the dissertation. Chapter II, "The 'Double Audience' of Samuel Selvon and The Lonely Londoners ," concerns Trinidadian author Samuel Selvon, who--along with George Lamming, Derek Walcott, and V. S. Naipaul--is cited as being among the most important and influential of the West Indian authors who began publishing in the 1950s. Although I consider all of Selvon's ten novels in that chapter, my main concern is The Lonely Londoners (1956), Selvon's best known and perhaps most pivotal and misread novel. Chapter III, "Contrapuntally Re-reading Perry Henzell's The Harder They Come, " features a reevaluation of the Jamaican filmmaker's 1972 motion picture, which in many complex ways remains the Caribbean film. Chapter IV, " Pressure and the Caribbean," focuses on Trinidadian filmmaker Horace Ove's Pressure (1975), which I deliberately treat as a Caribbean film although it is still best known as Britain's first feature-length dramatic movie with a "black" director. Vital secondary texts include selected works by Edward Said, Mikhail Bahktin, and Richard Dyer, as well as Kenneth Ramchand, Keith Warner, and D. Elliott Parris. The three existing book-length analyses of Selvon's fiction are the main voices with which the Selvon chapter is in discourse. David Bordwell's work in cinematic narrative theory and Marcia Landy's contribution to the study of British genres are essential to the frameworks through which I read the cinematic primary texts. / Adviser: Gordon Sayre

viii, 233 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation argues that certain iconic poems have shaped the canon of American poetry. Not merely "canonical" in the usual sense, iconic poems enjoy a special cultural sanction and influence; they have become discourses themselves, generating our notions about American poetry. By "iconic" I mean extraordinarily famous works like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Paul Revere's Ride," Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself," and Claude McKay's "If We Must Die," that do not merely reside in the national memory but that have determined each poet's reception and thus have shaped the history of American poetry. Through case studies, I examine longstanding assumptions about these poets and the literary histories and myths surrounding their legendary texts. In carefully historicized readings of these and other iconic poems, I elucidate the pressure a single poem can exert on a poet's reputation and on American poetry broadly. I study the iconic poem in the context of the poet's corpus to demonstrate its role within the poet's oeuvre and the role assigned to it by canon makers. By tracing a poem's reception, I aim to identify the national, periodic, political, and formal boundaries these poems enforce and the distortions they create. Because iconic poems often direct and justify our inclusions and exclusions, they are of particular use in clarifying persistent obstacles to the canon reformation work of the last thirty years. While anthologies have become more inclusive in their selections and self-conscious about their ideological motives, many of the practices regarding individual poets and poems have remained unchanged over the last fifty years. Even as we include more poets in the canon, we often ironically do so by isolating a particular portion of the career, impulse in the work, or even a single poem, narrowing rather than expanding the horizon of our national literature. Through close readings situated in historical and cultural contexts, I illustrate the varying effects of iconic poems on the poet, other poems, and literary history. / Committee in charge: Dr. Karen J. Ford, Chair; Dr. John T. Gage, Member; Dr. Ernesto J. Martinez, Member; Dr. Leah W. Middlebrook, Outside Member

Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-21T16:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-03-14T23:04:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T23:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / A presente tese analisa as aproximações e distanciamentos no processo de formação das protagonistas dos romances Ponciá Vicêncio, de Conceição Evaristo, Breath, Eyes Memory, de Edwidge Danticat, Lucy e The Autobiography of my Mother, de Jamaica Kincaid. Meninas negras , que sofrendo de um sentimento de não pertencer, realizam movimentos diversos impulsionados por esse sentimento. Esse movimento constante foi o que convencionei chamar de “movimento do não pertencimento” e é um dos mais importantes elos entre as narrativas. As protagonistas realizam suas movimentações de modos diversos, em seu crescer: em migrações transnacionais, dentro de seus próprios países ou mesmo em jornadas in situ. Para entender esse movimento constante e o processo dessas meninas em tornarem-se mulheres precisei utilizar um arcabouço teórico complexo que engloba questões relativas aos Estudos Pós-Coloniais, aos Estudos de Gênero, à Teoria Polissistêmica, aos Estudos das Questões Étnico-Raciais, além das questões referentes aos gêneros narrativos do Gótico e do Romance de Formação, no caso aqui estudado, em sua variação pós-colonial. Todas essas teorias receberam um tratamento crítico e uma abordagem que permitu seguir com elas apenas a “parte do caminho” que fizesse sentido para a compreensão da trajetória das protagonistas, propondo articulações e indagações que possibilitem entender as conexões de suas experiências como sujeitos diaspóricos e migrantes, mas também compreender suas especificidades. / This dissertation analyses the similarities and differences in the process of upbringing of the protagonists of the novels Ponciá Vicêncio, by Conceição Evaristo, Breath, Eyes Memory, by Edwidge Danticat, Lucy and The Autobiography of my Mother, by Jamaica Kincaid. Black girls, suffering from a feeling of not belonging, perform several movements which are propeled by this feeling. This constant movement is what I call “the nonbelonging movement” and is one of the most important links between the narratives. The protagonists perform their movements in many different ways during their growing up process: in transnational migrations, inside their own countries or even in journeys in situ. In order to understand this constant movement and the process this girls undergo to become women, I needed to use a large and complex scope of theories that include topics from Post Colonial Studies, Gender Studies, Polysystem Theory, Studies of Ethnical and Racial matters, as well as studies concerning narrative genres such as the Gothic and the Bildungsroman, here, specifically, in its postcolonial variation. All these theories received a critical treatment and the approach used allowed me to follow, with them, only a “piece of the way”, using only what made sense to the understanding of the protagonists’ trajectories, proposing articulations and questions that facilitated the comprehension of the connection between their experiences as diasporic and migrant subjects, but also of their specificities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Reis Salgado Costa Sobrinho.pdf: 6509513 bytes, checksum: 84a1d776e834645d488bd62d78d1a5c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-17 / The Pimenta dioica Lindl, popularly known as Jamaican pepper, is a native tree from Central America and West India. The tree is a member of Mirtaceae family, can reach 6-15 meters and is found in large scale in Bahia state, northeast of Brazil. Its fruit has an essential oil with great economic value in international market, due its high eugenol level (major compound), which is largely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, it was extracted the essential oil from the leaves of Pimenta dioica Lindl by hydrodestilation process, using a Clevenger's modified system. Some physical properties were determined, like density constancy, refraction index, solubility, color and appearance. Ultra Violet Spectroscopy, FTIR and Mass Spectroscopy were used to identify the major components and these techniques confirmed the eugenol as main compound of Pimenta dioica Lindl. Through the method of external standard using CG, it was possible to quantify the eugenol in the oil. The concentration found was 74% and was confirmed by UV Spectroscopy with similar results. The application of the essential oil from Pimenta dioica Lindl and standard eugenol as bactericide agent as done by Bauer-Kirby method in Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antibiotics cefotaxima, sulfazotrim, oxacilina and vancomicina were applied as comparison group. The essential oil showed more effectiveness than all antibiotics tested for the microorganism V. parahaemolyticus. For Escherichia coli the oil wasn't so effective than sulfazotrim, but better than the others. The oil was less efficient than sulfazotrin and cefotaxima for the Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. In the comparison with all others antibiotics the essential oil showed better results. The eugenol component showed to be the main responsible for the biological action against these microorganisms. / A Pimenta dioica Lindl, conhecida popularmente como pimenta da jamaica, é uma árvore de 6 a 15 m de altura, que pertence à família das Mirtaceae e tem como origem a América Central e oeste da Índia. No Brasil, a planta é encontrada em larga escala no Estado da Bahia. Seu fruto e folhas contêm um óleo essencial de grande valor econômico no mercado internacional, devido ao alto teor de eugenol (seu composto majoritário) que é largamente utilizado nas indústrias químicas e farmacêuticas. Neste trabalho, promoveu-se a extração do óleo essencial das folhas da Pimenta dioica Lindl através do método de hidrodestilação, utilizando um sistema de Clevenger modificado. Algumas propriedades físicas foram avaliadas, como as constantes de densidade, índice de refração, solubilidade, cor e aparência. Através de técnicas espectrofotométricas de UV, espectrofotométricas de IV, cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas foi possível identificar o eugenol como constituinte majoritário do óleo essencial das folhas da Pimenta dioica Lindl. Através do método de padrão externo usando a cromatografia gasosa foi possível quantificar o eugenol no óleo em uma concentração de 74%, concentração essa, confirmada pela técnica de espectrofotometria UV. Realizou-se também um estudo biológico através do método de Bauer-Kirby da ação do óleo essencial sobre as bactérias Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. e Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Os antibióticos cefotaxima, sulfazotrim, oxacilina e vancomicina também foram testados sobre as mesmas bactérias para efeito de comparação. O óleo essencial se mostrou mais eficiente do que todos os antibióticos sobre a bactéria V. parahaemolyticus. Sobre a Escherichia coli o óleo foi menos efetivo que o sulfazotrim, mas melhor do que os outros antibióticos. Para a Salmonella e Pseudomonas sp. o óleo foi menos efetivo que o sulfazotrim e a cefotaxima, respectivamente. Na comparação com todos os outros antibióticos o óleo essencial mostrou melhores resultados. O eugenol se mostrou ser o principal responsável por esta atividade biológica sobre estes organismos.

This study contributes to the existing discussion about international tourism by exploring the role of all-inclusive hotels in the creation of an environmental bubble on the northern coast of Jamaica. Moreover, it examines what type of Jamaica is being sold by the hotels and who is included and who is excluded from the environmental bubble. The purpose of this study is to analyze how all-inclusive hotels on the northern coast of Jamaica are selling their travel packages. In order to do that, this study makes a qualitative media analysis of digital website advertisement from all-inclusive hotel’s websites. Social scientists agree that one characteristic of all-inclusive type of tourism is the separation between guest and host. I argue that the website advertisements by all-inclusive hotels are contributing to this separation.

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This thesis examines Antiguan narratives’ peculiar engagements with the national question. It draws largely upon the works of four writers—Jamaica Kincaid, Joanne C. Hillhouse, Marie-Elena John and Frieda Cassin—and selected calypsonians including Antigua’s leading female and male calypsonians, Queen Ivena and King Short Shirt. It reads anxiety as the chief organising principle of the singular deconstructions of gender, ‘racial’, ethnic, and class identities undertaken by these texts. I offer a retooled account of anxiety that elaborates the local/regional concept of bad-mindedness informing the core of the narratives’ deconstructive and recuperative projects. Chapter one probes the bad-minded delimiting of Antiguan literary production. It interrogates the singular cohesive Caribbean canon typically suggested by critical readings, which obscure the narratives/ literary traditions of smaller territories such as Antigua. It also highlights locally produced canons’ intervention into the dominant canons/maps of Caribbean literary traditions. Its discussion is underpinned by the concept of bad-mindedness which I use to frame the evils that locate the smaller territory and its inhabitants at the cultural periphery. Chapter two examines the texts’ enunciations of the bad-mindedness inherent in the construction of the composite gendered identities of 19^th century Creole women, 20^th century working-class Afro-Antiguan women and men, and 20^th century proletarian Carib women. It refashions Erna Brodber’s kumbla trope, Kenneth Ramchand’s notion of terrified consciousness, and Jamaica Kincaid’s line trope to elaborate these enunciations. Chapter three examines Antiguan calypsos’ record of the peculiar responses of small-islanders to their subordinate position within the ‘global village’ and continuing entanglement in British colonialism and neo-colonial relationships and processes. It draws upon Charles Mill’s theory of smadditization/ smadditizin’ or the Afro-Caribbean struggle for recognition of personhood and Paget Henry’s account of the dependency theory to analyse the calypsos’ anxious insistence upon Afro-Antiguan personhood. The primary conclusion of my thesis is that an engagement with the neglected literary traditions of the smaller territories and national literatures on the whole, is likely to excavate a cornucopia of currently sidelined experiences, issues, and transnational relationships which can only serve to enrich our postcolonial conversations.

Dans un contexte où l'importance croissante de la mondialisation des flux migratoires en provenance de la région caraïbéenne s'intensifie et se diversifie, une prise en compte plus détaillée de l'évolution des stratégies de migrants au sein des sociétés d'accueil et de leur impact socioéconomique et politique sur les sociétés de départ s'impose. Notre thèse déclinée en trois parties s'inscrit précisément dans une réflexion sur l'engagement associatif à distance du migrant-acteur haïtien et jamaïcain, dans un cadre institutionnel français pour l'un et britannique pour l'autre. Au cœur d'un dispositif qui lie responsables locaux du pays d'origine et élus de la société d'accueil mettant en interaction différentes formes d'intervention de l'État d'origine, comment donc ce dernier peut-il alors agir et avoir un rôle incitatif en favorisant la participation de cette communauté transnationale ou encore en coordonnant des actions des associations de migrants ? En quoi le cadre associatif transnational est-il favorable au développement dans le contexte haïtien / jamaïcain ? En considérant l'émergence puis l'évolution du tissu associatif haïtien en terre française, et celles du tissu associatif jamaïcain en terre britannique, nous avons voulu chercher à comprendre les motivations derrière l'engagement de porter des projets de développement dans le pays d'origine. Notre travail de terrain, ainsi que notre dispositif méthodologique dans une approche de terrain multi-situé, nous a permis de mieux saisir les mécanismes de solidarité collective et de mise en commun de ressources. Partant d'un fait observé, une dynamique associative, qui s'est amplifiée au lendemain du séisme en Haïti / In a context where the growing importance of the globalization of migratory flows from the Caribbean region is intensifying and diversifying, a detailed attention on the evolution of migrants' strategies within host societies as well as their socioeconomic and political impact on the origin societies is required. Our thesis in three parts inscribes itself in a reflection on long-distance associative engagement of the Haitian and Jamaican migrant-actor, in a French institutional framework as well as a British one. At the heart of a model between local officials of the country of origin and elected officials of the host society, how can it act in an incentive capacity to foster or to better coordinate the actions taken by migrants' associations? How can a transnational associative framework be beneficiary to the development in the Haitian/Jamaican context? In considering the emergence and evolution of the Haitian associative landscape (France) and Jamaican (the United Kingdom), we wanted to understand the motivations behind the long-distance commitment to bring about development projects in the country of origin. Our fieldwork as well as our methodological approach in a multi-sited terrain helped us better grasp some of the mechanisms of bounded solidarity and of shared resources.Starting from an observed fact, an associative dynamic, which grew significantly in the aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, our study highlights three key elements: the relevance of the sense of belonging of migrants associations, the paramount importance of the relationship between the origin State and the its citizens abroad, and the growing, diverse and complex evolution