Ce travail a pour objectif d'analyser la réalisation du discours de la participation sociale et de la gouvernance démocratique dans les politiques publiques de développement durable régional, instrumentées par le Gouvernement Fédéral dans le Nord-Est du pays. On cherche, aussi, de vérifier dans quelle mesure ce format d’intervention publique a favorisé la création des "emplois verts" , c’est a dire, des postes de travail liés a des activités durables, qui garantisse l’efficience économique, la justice sociale et la prudence écologique. Pour la réalisation de l’étude sur la participation socialé, on a effectué des entretiens et on a appliqqué des questionnaires avec un échantillon des participants du "Fórum de Desenvolvimento Mesorregional", crée dans le cadre du PROMESO de la Chapada do Araripe. Pour atteindre notre deuxième objectif, on a utilisé les données fournies par la RAIS-MTE, en vérifiant dans quelle mesure les postes de travail crées dans la méso-region Chapada do Araripe, entre 1997 et 2007, on viabilise la génération d’emplois dans le secteur environnemental, en favorisant, de cette façon, la création d’une nouvelle étape dans la recherche d’une proposition de développement durable pour le Nord-Est brésilien. L’étude indique que le changement de strategie de l’intervention de l’Etat dans le Nord-Est brésilien n’est pas toujours accompagné d’une altération significative dans la forme d’actuation des institutions, concernant la gestion des politiques publiques et la création des emplois verts. On conclut que, malgré l’existence d’un certain capital social dans la région, la société locale n’a pas été pleinement mobilisée autour des articulations pour la construction d’une nouvelle proposition d’articulation participative dans ces territoires. Et que, malgré la croissance du nombre des emplois créés dans la Méso-Araripe dans la période de temps étudiée, on ne constate pas encore, dans le Brésil et dans le Nord-Est la tendance a utiliser le secteur environnementale dans la formulation des politiques publiques visées as questions sociales et environnementales de façon conjointe, tel que la création d’emplois verts. / The objective of this work is to analyze the making of the discourse of social participation and of democratic governance in the sphere of public policies aimed at promoting regional development, implemented by the Federal Government of North-East Brazil. We seek, too, to verify in which measure this tool of public intervention has facilitated the creation of the socalled “green jobs”, that is, those jobs related to sustainable activities ensuring economic efficiency, social justice, and ecological prudence. This study about social participation was made through interviews and surveys in a sample of participants from the “Fórum de Desenvolvimento Mesorregional", created in the context of the PROMESO in the Chapada do Araripe. In order to attain our second objective, this study used data provided by RAIS-MTE, verifying to which extent the employments created in the mezzo-region Chapada do Araripe, between 1997 and 2007, have facilitated the creation of new employments in the environmental sector, thus facilitating the birth of a new stage in the generation of a sustainable development in the Brazilian North-East. Our research shows that the change in the strategy of public intervention in the Brazilian North-East is not always accompanied by significant changes in the way that institutions act in the public policies sphere and the creation of green jobs. We conclude that, in spite of the existence of social capital in the region, the local society has not been completely mobilized in favor of the articulation of new way of public policies management in the region. And, in spite of the growing number of new jobs created during the period of our study, there is still no significant trend of using the environmental sector in the formulation of public policies for the combination of social and environmental strategies in the creation of green jobs.

[pt] O problema de escalonamento de tarefas divisíveis consiste em determinar como uma carga a ser processada deve ser dividida entre processadores e em que ordem cada fração de carga será enviada a cada processador. Considera-se o escalonamento em redes estrela com computadores e enlaces heterogêneos. Nesta dissertação são propostas formulações originais deste problema como modelos de programação linear inteira mista, assim como um novo algoritmo de complexidade O(n) para a solução ótima de um caso especial. Além disso, também são propostas duas novas heurísticas para o problema, que permitem a elaboração de bons escalonamentos para instâncias de grande porte em um reduzido tempo de processamento. / [en] The problem of divisible job scheduling consists of determining how to divide the data to be processed among processors and in which order each fraction should be sent to them. In this dissertation, we consider the divisible load scheduling problem in star networks with heterogeneous computers and links. Original mixed integer linear programming formulations of this problem are proposed, as well as a new algorithm with complexity O(n) to find the optimal solution for a special case. We also propose two fast heuristics that achieve good results for instances representing large scale computing systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudemir Ramos da Silva Sugahara.pdf: 873046 bytes, checksum: cbeebd8e5e0fa752fb3ec98f9a87569f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / This research discusses the relationship between development and environ-ment, aiming to define and quantify the Green Jobs in Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, concepts of development and sustainable development were approached and politics for implementation of strategies for environmentally sustainable growth were presented. It was also observed that, tied to the notion of "development", the notion of "sustainability" redefines the former one, even implying a change in the pre-analytic vision of the economy. In fact, the green economy needs the scale of the traditional economy resizing it as a subsystem of a larger system, namely the envi-ronment, which leads to the discussion of a sustainable economy. All these argu-ments are based on analysis of the results of Agenda 21, a document that would have officially started the discussion of economic sustainability as a practice of gov-ernment policies in Brazil. According to ILO (International Labor Organization), the term ''green jobs'' refers to occupations that both promote economic progress and contribute to the restoration of environmental quality. This term comprises occupa-tions that help protect the flora and fauna, and also reduce the consumption of ener-gy, natural resources and water, minimizing the impacts that nature has suffered over the centuries by the process of transformation of factors of production into goods and services . The classification of green jobs also requires decent work, which is sup-ported by worker‟s achievements in the social protection of labor and wages as well as in safe working conditions and labor rights. To introduce and to subsume Green Jobs in Brazil, the best data about jobs are provided by RAIS. Finally, we discussed ways to green jobs in the world and Brazil departing from the alternatives of energy supply and investments in alternative energy in the world and in Brazil, forestry activi-ties and going through buildings, transportation, basic industries, food and agricul-ture. The final remarks attempts to point out ways that would minimize the conflicts that distinguish and limit the classifications surrounding the green jobs, making them impenetrable islands in the Brazilian economic scenario / Esta pesquisa discute a relação entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente, com o intuito de definir e quantificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil. A fim de se alcançar esse objetivo, levantaram-se os conceitos de desenvolvimento e de desenvolvi-mento sustentável; são também apresentadas algumas políticas de implantação de estratégias de crescimento ambiental sustentável. Observa-se também que, ligada à noção de desenvolvimento , a noção de sustentabilidade rede-fine a primeira, e, até mesmo, implica uma mudança na visão pré-analítica da economia. De fato, a economia ecológica precisa da escala da economia tradicional redimensionando-a como subsistema de um sistema maior, justamente o do meio ambiente, o que leva à discussão de uma economia sustentável. Todos esses argumentos são fundados na análise dos resultados da Agenda 21 brasileira, documento que oficialmente teria iniciado a discussão da sustentabilidade econômica como prática de políticas governamentais no Brasil. Segundo a OIT, o termo ''Empregos Verdes'' se refere às profissões que, ao mesmo tempo em que promovem o progresso econômico, contribuem com a restauração da qualidade do meio ambiente. Abrange as ocupações que ajudam a proteger a flora, a fauna e reduzem o consumo de energia, de recursos naturais e de água, minimizando os impactos que a natureza vem sofrendo ao longo dos séculos pelo processo de trans-formação dos fatores de produção em bens e serviços. A classificação de emprego verde pressupõe ainda o trabalho decente, amparado nas conquistas pela proteção social do trabalho, com salários adequados, condições seguras de trabalho e direitos trabalhistas. Para apresentar e classificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil, a RAIS é que melhor fornece dados sobre os empregos no país. Finalmente, são abordadas as formas de Empregos Verdes no mundo e no Brasil, tratando desde as alternativas de oferta de energia e os investimentos em energia alternativa no mundo e no Brasil, às atividades silvícolas, passando pelas edificações, transporte, indústrias de base e alimentos e agricultura. Nas considerações finais, tenta-se apontar caminhos que diminuam os embates que distinguem e limitam as classificações que cercam os Empregos Verdes, tornando-os ilhas intransponíveis no panorama econômico brasileiro

Este estudo mensurou os efeitos potenciais do balanceamento de atividades (em especial entre emprego e residência) sobre o tráfego em termos de velocidade média, veículos-quilômetro (VKM) e veículos-hora viajados(VHR), tendo como pano de fundo a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Foi verificada a viabilidade da aplicação de processo sintético a modelos integrados de uso do solo e transporte, contudo algumas dificuldades impossibilitaram sua aplicação dentro do prazo disponível. Foram então identificados modelos tradicionais, bem como modelos integrados de uso do solo e transportes já implementados na região e o recente estudo do Metrô – Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo foi definido como fonte de parâmetros e modelos para a aplicação proposta de políticas de balanceamento. Foram criados quatro cenários básicos de balanceamento entre emprego e residência a serem comparados com um cenário base representando da forma mais acurada possível a demanda de tráfego em 1997. Dois cenários se basearam na redistribuição espacial de população, mantendo-se fixa a distribuição de empregos do cenário original. Outros dois basearam-se na redistribuição de empregos com a manutenção da distribuição da população. Quatro cenários adicionais foram propostos para verificar os efeitos do balanceamento aplicado à área restrita ou a um dado nível de renda. A redistribuição integral de população apresentou melhores resultados, notadamente a redução potencial de mais de 33% de VHT e de em torno de 9% de VKT. Nem todos os resultados das redistribuições de empregos foram tão positivos, embora se tenha verificado a redução de VHT nestes cenários. Além disso, os resultados não apresentaram tendência linear, requerendo maior esforço quanto maior o nível de benefícios desejado através do balanceamento. / The present study measured the potential effects of the activity-balancing (particularly jobs and housing) on the traffic in terms of average speed, vehiclekilometer (VKT) and vehicle-hour traveled (VHT) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City. It verified that using a synthesized process applied to an integrated land use and transportation model is feasible. Nevertheless, it was not possible to implement the application due to some difficulties and the time limit. Traditional and integrated models applied to the area were then identified, and the recent study of the Metrô – the Subway Company of São Paulo, which was based upon a broad Origin-Destination survey, was chosen as source of models and parameters for the jobs-housing balance policy application. Four jobs-housing balance scenarios were proposed and compared with a basic one, representing the existing transportation demand for 1997 as close as possible. Two scenarios were based on the population r edistribution based on the fixed original employment distribution. Two other were based on the redistribution of jobs with a fixed population distribution. Four additional scenarios were proposed in order to identify the effects of jobs-housing balance applied to specific area or population income level. The best results achieved were found for the population redistribution, remarkably full redistribution would potentially reduce VKT by over 33% and VHT by around 9%. Not all the results generated by the employment redistribution were good although VHT decreased in both scenarios. In addition, it was noticed that the effects are not linearly related to the balancing achieved, gradually diminishing the more balancing is reached.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-08T11:32:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dária Sirqueira Matsumoto.pdf: 2395945 bytes, checksum: a167e5b84492f90d82cacf6db8a22911 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dária Sirqueira Matsumoto.pdf: 2395945 bytes, checksum: a167e5b84492f90d82cacf6db8a22911 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The purpose of this dissertation is the paid domestic work historically exercised by women from the subalternized layers of the working class, in view of the changes that have occurred, especially those in the process of regulating their social and labor rights, from 2013 to 2016. We sought to analyze the transformations in the area of domestic work, within the historical framework of deep transformations in the world of work, especially for the working class. The central analysis of this study sought to contemplate reflections about work as the first foundation in the process of humanization of the social being and in what way it is materialized in the capital society. In this context, it was intended to analyze the process that led to the formulation of Complementary Law n. 150 of June 2015, and how it has been effective in the daily work of domestic workers in the city of São Paulo. In order to deepen the object of this dissertation, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out aiming at the historical recovery of the role played by the domestic workers, from Brazil Colônia until the end of the decade 1980 and the paths taken by these workers in the process of political organization in the struggle for the assimilation of labor rights since the provisional government of Getúlio Vargas. For the primary data collection, a qualitative research was carried out, through interviews, using a semi-structured script, with union leaders and domestic workers present in the physical space of the Union of Domestic Workers of the Municipality of São Paulo. It was concluded that domestic work safeguards significant elements from its historical slavers, and through multiple mechanisms of subalternization and exploitation of the female labor force contributes to the process of social reproduction of the middle and bourgeois classes in contemporary capitalist society. However, if the equalization of social and labor rights of domestic workers with other workers represented a significant achievement of historically neglected rights, their preservation and expansion require the strengthening of collective organization and the struggles of domestic workers in alliance with the working class as a whole / A presente dissertação tem como objeto o trabalho doméstico remunerado exercido, historicamente, por mulheres das camadas subalternizadas da classe trabalhadora, na perspectiva das mudanças ocorridas, especialmente, aquelas em curso com o processo de regulamentação dos seus direitos sociais e trabalhistas, no período de 2013 a 2016. Buscou-se analisar as transformações na área do trabalho doméstico, no marco histórico de profundas transformações no mundo do trabalho, notadamente, para a classe trabalhadora. A análise central deste estudo procurou contemplar reflexões sobre o trabalho como fundamento primeiro no processo de humanização do ser social, e de que maneira ele é materializado na sociedade do capital. Nesse contexto, pretendeu-se analisar o processo que levou à formulação da Lei Complementar n. 150, de junho de 2015, e como esta tem se efetivado no cotidiano de trabalho das trabalhadoras domésticas do município de São Paulo. Para o aprofundamento do objeto desta dissertação, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, visando o resgate histórico do papel desempenhado pelas trabalhadoras domésticas, desde o Brasil Colônia até o final da década 1980 e os caminhos percorridos por essas trabalhadoras no processo de organização política na luta pela equiparação de direitos do trabalho, desde o governo provisório de Getúlio Vargas. Para a coleta de dados primários, realizou-se pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com entrevistas, a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, junto a lideranças sindicais e trabalhadoras domésticas presentes no espaço físico do Sindicato das Trabalhadoras Domésticas do Município de São Paulo. Concluiu-se que o trabalho doméstico resguarda significativos elementos oriundos de suas bases históricas escravistas e, por meio de múltiplos mecanismos de subalternização e exploração da força de trabalho feminina contribui para o processo de reprodução social das classes médias e burguesas na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Contudo, se a equiparação de direitos sociais e trabalhistas das trabalhadoras domésticas com os demais trabalhadores representou significativa conquista de direitos historicamente negligenciados, sua preservação e ampliação exigem o fortalecimento da organização coletiva e das lutas das trabalhadoras domésticas em aliança com o conjunto da classe trabalhadora

Cette thèse vise à explorer la mise en route des politiques de développement de formation professionnelle dans les entreprises de transport et de la logistique en République de Djibouti. Nous posons l'hypothèse générale que l'appropriation des Tics par l'entreprise est un vecteur important de développement économique pour l'entreprise. Ainsi trois hypothèses opérationnelles ont été étudiées et vérifiées : 1) Le niveau de compétence en tic et le degré d’utilisation est très important. Pour que l’entreprise soit performante économiquement, il faut qu’elle développe les compétences en tic de son personnel et de ses cadres ; 2) Le plan de formation professionnelle est un outil clé dans la gestion prévisionnelle des compétences et des emplois. Pour développer les compétences en tic il faut que l’entreprise prévoie un plan de formation. Une entreprise qui met en place un plan de formation professionnelle a conscience de l’importance de compétence en tic et dispose d'un potentiel de développement économique ; 3) les tics sont des outils de développement personnels et professionnels. Deux questionnaires destinés d'un côté aux employés de l'autre aux dirigeants ont été conçu pour investiguer le terrain et vérifier les hypothèses émises ci-dessus. La méthode privilégiée est à la fois quantitative et à la fois qualitative. / This thesis aims at exploring the implementation of the development policies of vocational training in the transport companies and of logistics in Djibouti. We ask the general assumption that the appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies by the company is an important vector of economic development for the company. And three operational assumptions were reviewed and verified: 1) ICT skill level and degree of use is very important. For the company be economically efficient. It has to tick develops the skills of its staff and its management; 2) The training plan is a key tool in the management planning of skills and jobs. To develop the skills tic must now provide a training plan. A company that sets up a training plan recognizes the importance of competence tic and has a potential for economic development; 3) ICT are personal and professional development tools. Two questionnaires from one side to the employees of the other leaders were designed to investigate the field and verify the assumptions made above. The preferred method is both quantitative and qualitative.

The thesis deals with the active labour market policy in the Frýdek-Místek district, where is the problem of higher rates of unemployment and long-term unemployment. Active labour policy has an important role in solving the problem of unemployment in the region. The thesis describes the nature of the local labour market and assesses the active employment policy programs used in the years 2006 - 2010 in terms of their impact on employment and employability of participants. In particular, the thesis focuses on retraining, which is one of the most used tools of active employment policy, and monitors the creation of new jobs that directly affect the situation of individuals in the labour market. The thesis evaluates the targeting of retraining, which significantly affects their results. Using statistical data analysis methods are examined gross effects of retraining and monitored the effects of active employment policy to selected target groups of unemployed people.

在台灣，臨時性雇用佔總就業比例在2012年大約為5.3%，而且這個比例近年來有持續上升的趨勢。當勞工的工作型態從臨時性轉換到非臨時性雇用或是從非臨時性轉換到臨時性雇用時，勞工的薪水會因此而有明顯地差距。本研究利用人力運用調查之下的擬追蹤資料，檢驗勞工改變其工作型態與其薪水變化之間的關係。實證結果顯示從臨時性轉換到非臨時性工作之勞工，其薪水有顯著地上升；而從非臨時性轉換到臨時性工作之勞工，其薪水會受到顯著地傷害。女性從臨時性轉換到非臨時性工作，可以享有較多的薪水增加，但是男性從非臨時性轉換到臨時性工作時，薪水會受到較多的傷害。而年齡介於40至60歲之間的勞工，薪水下降較其他年齡層的勞工多；而較年輕的勞工其薪水增加較多。 / In Taiwan, the proportion of temporary employment is about 5.3% (as of 2012) and this ratio has been growing gradually in recent years. Wage differences are caused by change of job status from non-temporary to temporary and vice-versa. Using data from the Manpower Utilization Quasi-Longitudinal Survey, the results confirm that workers switching from non-temporary to temporary jobs suffer significant erosion of income and workers switching from temporary jobs to non-temporary jobs receive significant income gain. Women benefit more when changing from temporary employment to non-temporary, while men suffer more when transiting from non-temporary to temporary jobs. The wage loss for workers’ in age group 40 to 50 is larger than workers in other age groups and younger workers receive greater income gains.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / The purpose of this paper is to provide basic empirical evidence to support the implementation of an innovation campus in downtown Tucson. This would be a satellite of the Arizona Center for Innovation (AZCI) currently located in the University of Arizona Science and Technology Park – an innovation, research and business center on the outskirts of Tucson. A multi-case study analysis will be performed where the results will be compared with that of the AZCI results, using the same criteria.

Tyrimo objektas: sėdimą darbą dirbančių žmonių nugaros raumenų skausmas. Tyrimo problema: spartėjant šiuolaikinėms technologijoms atsiranda vis daugiau sėdimą darbą dirbančių žmonių. Ilgas sėdėjimas prie kompiuterio, dažni aplinkos stresoriai, mažas fizinis aktyvumas, netaisyklinga laikysena ir neergonomiški baldai neigiamai veikia sveikatą. Todėl vis daugiau žmonių skundžiasi su ilgalaike sėdima padėtimi susijusiais negalavimais. Vienas dažniausiai pasitaikančių negalavimų yra nugaros raumenų skausmas, dėl kurio mažėja darbingumas, nukenčia gyvenimo kokybė. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti aplinkos stresorių, ergonomiškumo ir fizinių pratimų poveikį nugaros skausmui sėdimą darbą dirbantiems žmonėms. Hipotezė: manome, kad daugiau sveikatos sutrikimų turės žmonės, kurie dirba sėdimą darbą, patiria stresą ir jam šalinti pasirenka žalingus įpročius, nei tie, kurie dirba sėdimą darbą, bet renkasi fizinius pratimus. Išvados: sėdim���� darbą dirbantieji teigiamai darbo vietos ergonomiką vertina: privačiame sektoriuje 35%, valstybiniame – 16,25% ir dirbantys nevyriausybiniame sektoriuje – 1,3%. Net 60,6% tiriamųjų visą darbo laiką praleidžia toje pačioje padėtyje. Stresą patiria 77,5% tiriamųjų, o streso poveikis pasireiškia nuovargiu (32,5%), išsiblaškymu (21,3%) ir dėmesio stoka (17,5%). Raumenų skausmą jaučia 98,7% sėdimą darbą dirbančiųjų. Dažniausiai jaučiamas pečių juostos ir kaklo raumenų įtempimas bei nugaros skausmas, kurio dydis 4,8 balo. Fiziniai pratimai patikimai (p<0,05)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of study: Back muscles’ pain of people, who perform sedentary jobs. Problem of study: As modern technologies speed up, more and more people start performing sedentary jobs. The health is negatively influenced by the sitting in front of the computer, by common stressors in surroundings, by decreased physical activity, by wrong posture and by unergonomic furniture. As a result, more and more people start complaining of the conditions, related to the long sitting position. One of the most common complaints is the pain of back muscles that decreases efficiency, affects the quality of life. Aim of study: Determine the impact of the surroundings’ stressors, ergonomicity and physical exercises on the back muscles’ pain of people who perform sedentary job. Hypothesis of study: We believe that the people who perform sedentary jobs, experience stress and choose addiction for its elimination have more health problems than people who perform sedentary jobs, but choose physical activity and exercises. Conclusions: People who perform sedentary jobs positively assess the ergonomics of work place: 35% in private sector, 16.25% in public sector, and 1.3% in non-governmental sector. Stress is experienced by 77.5% of participants, and the impact of stress is manifested by fatigue (32.5%), distraction (21.3%), and the lack of attention (17.5%). The pain of muscles is experienced by 98.7% of sedentary jobs performing people. Most commonly is experienced the pain of shoulder girdle and... [to full text]