I am interested in the construction and meaning of space in Charlotte Brontë 's novels, and more specifically the idea of enclosure, in abstract and concrete terms. In a concrete sense, I wish to investigate the physical spaces the women in Charlotte Brontë 's novels inhabit: their homes, gardens, workplaces, clothing, and their bodies. In an abstract sense, I wish to investigate the cultural, psychic, gender, and linguistic spaces they inhabit: the cultural images and conventions women are enclosed within, the psychic space of the mind, and the narrative spaces they inhabit (and create). Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, in their seminal text The Madwoman in the Attic, focus on the patriarchal enclosure of female characters in Victorian texts. As many Feminist critics of nineteenth century literature have noted (Vicinus, Agress, Auerbach), these enclosures are largely controlled by the patriarchy. Indeed, the protagonists of Charlotte Brontë's novels reflect the entrapment of the feminine protagonists in a patriarchal world. However, focus on this entrapment obscures the power that characters like Lucy Snowe, Jane Eyre, Shirley Keeldar, and Caroline Helstone generate from their enclosure experience. Each enclosure these three characters experiences fuels their education. Lucy, Jane, Shirley, and Caroline generate power and transformation of self from their time spent in these various enclosures. The education of these characters becomes the education for real women. In order to reclaim and reaffirm the value of enclosure for women, one may trace the positive notions of enclosure through the Jungian model of a three-stage gestation of women's rites of passage: enclosure, transformation, and emergence, as proposed by Bruce Lincoln. This gestational process results in psychological and spiritual transformation. All four protagonists participate in many cycles of the gestational pattern on micro and macro levels. This process results in their eventual transformation and emergence as wise women. It is vital to re-interpret the psychic and physical enclosures within Villette, Shirley and Jane Eyre as spaces that shape the identity of Lucy Snowe, Caroline Helstone, Shirley Keeldar, and Jane Eyre.

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Abstract Med ambition att ta reda på vad i Tolvstegsprogrammet som hjälper människor till nykterhet har jag med denna studie tittat närmare på dels Tolvstegsprogrammet som metod, dels ställt det i jämförelse med Jungs och Bolwby psykologiska teorier. Resultatet visar att tolvstegsprogrammet fungerar om man kan följa de förutbestämda riktlinjerna med syfte att uppnå nykterhet. De psykologiska teorierna visar att de har beröringspunkter som kan knytas till Tolvstegsprogrammet och att dessa kan användas som förklaringsmodell för vad som fungerar i Tolvstegsprogrammet. Det finns flera samband mellan Tolvstegsprogrammet och de två psykologiska teorierna som undersöks i denna uppsatts, och likheterna är tydliga.

This thesis shows how the metaphysical features of the Jungian collective unconscious can be demystified by viewing the collective unconscious through the lens of functionalism. The features of the collective unconscious that will be investigated in this thesis are the possibility of the collective unconscious being present in every person, the archetypes as being the formal feature of some of our modes of perception, psychic energy, and synchronicity. By admitting functionalism, Jung doesn't need to posit synchronicity to explain how it is possible for the archetypes to interact with the body. This is because functionalism can view mental states as being material without needing another connecting principle, i.e., synchronicity, which goes beyond scientific explanation. If mental states are material and the body is a material thing, there is no need for Jung to explain how the archetypes interact with the body through synchronicity. In viewing the collective unconscious as a functional system, synchronicity can be dismissed while still leaving the rest of Jung's psychological theory of the mind in place.

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This document explores the relationships between science fiction and mythology, utilizing the theories of Joseph Campbell and Carl Jung in particular. Conclusions are then drawn that argue that science fiction performs the same functions as mythology in the modern world. The author provides examples of these functions being performed in science fiction by analyzing two novels: The Forest of Hands and Teeth, and Stranger in a Strange Land. Finally, the document explores the narratives' uses of time in historical and ahistorical modes as a vehicle for its functions, and argues that the various uses of time are key to science fiction acting as modern mythology. / Master of Arts

Esta pesquisa se insere no âmbito dos estudos sobre as relações familiares, enfocando mais especificamente a conjugalidade da maneira como é vivida nos tempos atuais. Trata-se de um tema complexo, já que os arranjos e dinâmicas de interação nos casamentos vêm se transformando e ganharam nas últimas décadas diversidade e liberdade muito maiores quando comparadas aos padrões antigos. O ponto de partida que motivou esta pesquisa foi a ideia de que a conjugalidade permanece como uma experiência viva e significativa para o homem e a mulher nos dias de hoje. Para tentar compreender um pouco mais dessa experiência em sua condição atual, tomou-se neste trabalho a origem etimológica de palavras como casamento e casal, que aproxima tais fenômenos de outra importante experiência humana que é a casa. A ideia foi a de que, ao remontar a essa origem comum, fosse possível observar o que ainda hoje se mantém vivo na experiência da conjugalidade, ancorado em substratos profundos da psique inconsciente, e o que são manifestações suscetíveis a mudanças de acordo com o contexto sociocultural das diferentes épocas. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu, então, em observar como ocorre a construção da conjugalidade nos dias de hoje sua riqueza e seus desafios , tomando para isso os símbolos que emergem na constituição dos espaços da casa como expressões de aspectos psíquicos mobilizados na relação conjugal contemporânea, além de levantar as possibilidades de mudança da consciência que tais símbolos representam. O presente estudo teve como referência teórica principal a psicologia analítica de Jung, mas buscou também contribuições de áreas de interface, como a Sociologia, a Antropologia, a História, a Arte, a Filosofia e a Arquitetura. O método consistiu no estudo de caso de um casal formado por um homem e uma mulher de menos de 30 anos, sem filhos e morando juntos em função de casamento formal. Foram feitos oito encontros, incluindo uma visita à casa do casal, nos quais se realizaram entrevistas abertas, produção de material fotográfico e atividades com técnicas expressivas, como a escrita, o desenho e a pintura, tendo como tema a relação conjugal e a casa. O material levantado foi analisado também com base no processamento simbólico-arquetípico, que, fundamentado nos referenciais indicados por Jung, tem como um de seus eixos principais a ideia de que o símbolo é o fenômeno psíquico que melhor expressa fatos relativamente desconhecidos, permitindo, assim, uma ampliação da consciência e algum acesso a conteúdos inconscientes, os quais estão na base das experiências humanas em geral e muito especialmente nos vínculos afetivos. Espera-se que esta aproximação ao tema contribua para uma compreensão aberta, flexível e atualizada das configurações dos relacionamentos contemporâneos e possa trazer aprofundamentos significativos para o trabalho com tais questões, que são centrais no contexto da pesquisa e da prática em psicologia / The present work belongs in the scope of family relationships studies, here focusing conjugality in the way it is currently experienced. This is a complex issue, since the structures and interaction dynamics in marriages have been transformed and gained, in recent decades, much greater diversity and freedom when compared to old patterns. The starting point motivating this research was the idea that conjugality remains as a living and meaningful experience for both men and women these days. In order to try and understand a little more about this experience in its current condition, this work embraced the etymological origin of words such as marriage and couple (casamento and casal in Portuguese), which approach these phenomena to another important human experience that is home (casa in Portuguese). The idea was that, at going back to this common origin, it would be possible to observe what aspects of the experience of conjugality remains alive, anchored in deep unconscious psyche substrates, and what manifestations susceptible to changes according to the sociocultural context in different times are. The aim here was, then, observe how the construction of conjugality happens nowadays its wealth and its challenges taking to it the symbols that emerge in the constitution of spaces in the house as expressions of psychic aspects mobilized in a contemporary marital relationship, as well as raising the possibilities of awakening that such symbols represent. The present study had Jungs analytical psychology as theoretical reference, but it also sought for contributions from interface areas such as sociology, anthropology, history, art, philosophy, and architecture. The method consisted in the case study of a couple formed by a man and a woman under 30 years old, with no children and living together due to a formal marriage. Eight meetings were held, including a visit to the couples house, in which open interviews were conducted, along with photographic material production and activities involving expressive techniques such as writing, drawing and painting, having as theme the marital relationship and the house. The collected material was analyzed based on symbolic-archetypal processing, which, based on the principles referred by Jung, has as one of its main axes the idea that the symbol is the psychic phenomenon which best expresses relatively unknown facts. This thus allows an expansion of consciousness and some access to unconscious content, which are at the basis of human experience in general, and especially in affective bonds. It is expected that this approach to the subject contributes to an open, flexible and up-to-date understanding of contemporary relationships configurations and may bring significant insights to the work with such issues, which are central in the research context and practice in psychology

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Vinicius Martins.pdf: 674423 bytes, checksum: 9024700184c34ad4aa8bea2607a8f763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-15 / Already in his time Jung pointed at the lack of openness by science and the spirit of that period for contemplating religiosity in their reflections and, consequently, considering it in their practices. Thus, the Swiss psychiatrist indicated a dichotomy in the modern man‟s psyche that was being developed within a conflictual dynamics, where scientific, materialistic and critical thought overlapped religion and, consequently, the natural religious function of psyche. It was thereby evidenced a clash between science and religion, the first having been dominated and subjected to the second in preceding centuries, but now having imposed its domain and rejected recognition to the second with the same tenacity. Recent research has also identified this same conflict that affects patients and therapists; however, overcoming it is an even more difficult task than one could imagine or wish. This intersection between psychology and religion proves to be an extremely sensitive area. Those are knowledges and practices quite distinct, that require extreme caution and respect from the practitioner. Emergent scientific streams of thought have shown this acknowledgement to religious dimension while welcoming the equivalent disciplinary field without seeking to reduce it to a scientific theory. We believe that the psychology of Carl Gustav Jung has much to contribute in the construction of a channel for dialogue and understanding between the two fields. Between God and reason we will find the human soul, once abandoned by scientists and religious men, having finally found a voice in the Swiss psychiatrist. Moreover, some consider Jung's psychology as a religious psychology, considering his psychotherapy as an essentially religious attitude. With this understanding, we identify a bridge between these two thinking models, namely, science and religion, which in another time would be seen as irreconcilable. Jung‟s thinking, his view of religion and the sacred, his comprehension of modern man‟s disenchantment as well as his therapeutic method provide us with a substantial contribution to dealing with this conflict. The study indicates a need for openness to approach religiosity in therapeutic setting, which is not usually easy or simple due to its sensitive interdisciplinary field. It also points at a new time, a post-secular time, which demands a new religious paradigm that suits the critical spirit of modern man, where Analytical Psychology has much to offer, addressing and attending to the human soul, a channel between psychology and religion, a working path for the psychotherapist / Já em seu tempo Jung apontava para a falta de abertura por parte da ciência e do pensamento da época para contemplar a religiosidade em suas reflexões e, consequentemente, considerá-la em suas práticas. Assim, o psiquiatra suíço indicava uma dicotomia na psique do homem moderno que se desenvolvia dentro de uma dinâmica conflituosa, onde o pensamento científico, materialista e crítico se sobrepunha à religião e, consequentemente, à natural função religiosa da psique. Evidenciava-se, desse modo, um embate entre ciência e religião, tendo a primeira sido dominada e submetida à segunda nos séculos precedentes, mas que agora impunha o seu domínio e rejeitava prestar reconhecimento à segunda com o mesmo afinco. Pesquisas recentes também vêm identificando este mesmo conflito, que afeta pacientes e terapeutas; contudo, superá-lo é uma tarefa ainda mais difícil do que se imaginaria ou se desejaria. Essa interseção entre psicologia e religiosidade mostra-se um campo extremamente delicado. São saberes e práticas bastante distintos, que demandam do profissional muita cautela e respeito. Correntes de pensamento científico emergentes têm demonstrado esse reconhecimento à dimensão religiosa, acolhendo-a enquanto campo disciplinar equiparado, sem buscar reduzi-la a uma teoria científica. Acreditamos que a psicologia de Carl Gustav Jung tem muito a contribuir na construção desse canal de diálogo e compreensão entre os dois campos. Entre Deus e a razão encontraremos a alma humana, outrora abandonada por cientistas e religiosos e que finalmente encontrou voz no psiquiatra suíço. Aliás, há quem considere a psicologia de Jung como uma psicologia religiosa, e veja em sua psicoterapia uma essencial atitude religiosa. Com este entendimento, vamos identificando uma ponte entre esses dois modelos de pensamento, isto é, ciência e religião, que em outra oportunidade julgaríamos irreconciliáveis. O pensamento de Jung, sua visão de religiosidade e do sagrado, sua compreensão do desencantamento do homem moderno e seu método terapêutico oferecem uma importante contribuição para lidar com este conflito. O estudo assinala uma necessidade de abertura para a abordagem da religiosidade em clínica, o que nem sempre é fácil ou simples por se tratar de um delicado campo interdisciplinar. Aponta, ainda, para um novo momento, um momento pós-secular, que demanda um novo modelo religioso que se adeque ao espírito crítico do homem atual, onde a psicologia analítica tem muito a oferecer, abordando e cuidando da alma humana, canal entre psicologia e religião, via de trabalho do psicoterapeuta

Estudar a solidão por meio de um ponto de vista psicológico junguiano, o qual entende os fenômenos da psique como plurais, relacionados a aspectos pessoais e coletivos foi o objetivo principal deste trabalho. A partir do conceito junguiano de imagem, ou seja, perspectivas a respeito de qualquer ideia, conceito, sentimento ou percepção que são formados sobre o mundo, buscou-se analisar o que há nas imagens sobre a solidão presentes na contemporaneidade. Estudos nas ciências sociais e o filme Her contribuíram como fontes de imagens para a análise da solidão. O filme apresentou imagens com grande sensibilidade, plasticidade e potencial arquetípico capazes de aprofundar a ampliar o tema. A solidão também foi estudada como elemento importante no processo de desenvolvimento psíquico, como na formação da consciência, na diferenciação gradual da psique do bebê em relação à psique materna e no caminho de individuação, os quais representam movimentos estruturantes que têm seus fundamentos nos processos de separação e diferenciação. Três perspectivas mitológicas foram apresentadas como bases arquetípicas capazes de fornecer luz para a compreensão da solidão: o casamento sagrado de Eros e Psiquê, o mito de Narciso e a concepção de Dioniso e sua relação com o conceito de communitas. Reflexões sobre a interação dessas três perspectivas com a contemporaneidade foram realizadas. A conclusão da pesquisa é de que a solidão representa uma potencialidade de contato com a alma, de interiorização, envolvimento e intimidade, mas um cuidado inadequado pode resultar em um isolamento que promove estagnação psíquica. É um elemento necessário ao desenvolvimento psicológico, o qual precisa de relacionamento com outros elementos psíquicos como o amor, e que necessita ser recebido na contemporaneidade com mais respeito, paciência e delicadeza. A elaboração da solidão permite a consciência da singularidade e é essencial para a alteridade / To study loneliness through a Junguian psychological point of view, which understands the phenomenas of the psyche as plurals and related to personal and collective aspects was the main objective of this work. From the Jungian concept of image, i.e. perspectives about any idea, concept, feeling or perception that are formed concerning to the world, it sought to analyze what images about loneliness are present in contemporary times. Studies in the social sciences and the film Her contributed as sources of images for the analysis of loneliness. The film showed images with great sensitivity, plasticity and potential archetypal capable to further enlarge and deepen the subject. Loneliness was also studied as an important element in the psychic development process, as in the formation of conscience, the gradual differentiation of the baby\'s psyche in relation to maternal psyche and individuation path, which represent structural movements that have their foundations in the processes of separation and differentiation. Three mythological perspectives were presented as archetypal bases capable to shed some light to the understanding of loneliness: the sacred marriage of Eros and Psyche, the myth of Narcissus and the idea of Dionysus and its relationship with the concept of communitas. Reflections on the interaction of these three perspectives with contemporaneity were held. The conclusion of the research is that loneliness is a potentiality that provides contact with the soul, like internalization, involvement and intimacy, but its improper care may result in an isolation that promotes psychic stagnation. It is a necessary element to the psychological development, which needs to relate with other psychic elements like love, and needs to be received in the contemporary world with more respect, patience and delicacy. The preparation for loneliness allows the consciousness of uniqueness and is essential for otherness

<p>The aim of this study is to analyse the archetypical patterns and symbols in Susan Cooper’s The Dark is Rising. An archetype is, in literary studies, a concept used to describe an image, symbol or narrative pattern which is very frequently occurring , for example the Hero archetype. Archetype theories today are mainly based on the work of psychiatrist C.G. Jung or literary theorist Northrop Frye.</p><p>The Dark is Rising is a series of five fantasy books for children, in which an old struggle between two cosmic forces, Light and Dark, is about to reach its final battle. This study shows how The Dark is Rising follows an archetypical narrative pattern in which the aim is to create a whole – the Self, in Jungian theory. The conception of the world in The Dark is Rising is an archetypical one. The world was once whole, but later divided in two opposing forces – Light and Dark. In the final book, when the Dark is defeated and the Light leaves Earth to the humans, the world is whole again. The life of main character Will Stanton also follows this pattern, making him an archetypical Hero. His development can be seen as the process of individuation, which in Jungian theory is the process of creating a whole, unified Self by integrating the conscious and the unconscious. Also the Mandala, which is a very important symbol in the books, is an archetypical symbol for unity and the Self.</p>