One of the chief international security issues of today is humanitarian militaryintervention. In light of this, some questions have been raised about when and howoutsiders should get involved or if they are morally right at all to engage in humanitariancrises. In this paper Syria is the chosen case study because of its brutal crackdown and amassive human rights violation. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand themoral and legal criteria for launching a military intervention for humanitarian aid in Syriafollowed by a detailed analysis of its ethical, normative and legal issues. The maintheoretical framework of this study is just war theory. This study utilizes the criteria ofJus ad bellum principles, namely ‘legitimate authority’, ‘just cause’ and ‘right intention’in order to asses the extent to which Syria fits into the framework of just war theory. Thispaper also applies legal criteria such as the Charter of United Nations and internationallaw for the purpose of legal examination. The most complex issue in this thesis is the factthat although legitimate authority has the moral responsibilities to protect civilians, but itoften fails to uphold its responsibility mainly because of self-interest and the lack of rightintention.

The intervention in Libya is the best example to date to judge the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect. In 2011, public demonstrations started in Libya seeking political and economic reforms in the country. In return, the Libyan President Maummar Al-Qaddafi threatened mass atrocities in Libya. This allowed the UNSC to sanction the use of force against Qaddafi’s regime in order to protect civilians. First, under resolution 1970 (2011), the UNSC referred the case to the International Criminal Court and applied sanctions. Second, via resolution 1973 (2011), the application of force was approved for the express purpose of “protecting civilians.” This thesis assess whether the military intervention in Libya in 2011 was R2P case. This question is answered by an analysis based upon the UNSC’s Resolutions, Council’s proceedings, and other official documents. / May 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudimir Supioni Junior.pdf: 4165729 bytes, checksum: f5d63083483eaf3d174bba448c29d769 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / This report publishes research that has adopted as its central object the applicability of the assurances of the contradictory and the legal defense before the disciplinary power of the private employer. The research focused on the study of the effectiveness of the Article 5th, LV, of the Federal Constitution of 1988, its incidence contours, its effects as standard of fundamental rights and the peculiarities of its application in the employment relationship. The research´s central problem was facing by two perspectives: Initially, was studied the applicability of the constitutional provision through the lens of modern constitutional theory, adopting, as the main theoretical, the thesis of constitutional effectiveness of José Afonso da Silva. At second step, without exclusively, was analyzed the problem under the postulates of contemporary constitutionalism and theory of fundamental rights. The research method was the critical revision of the doctrine tangential to the topic, the investigation of primary sources of constitutional legislative process, the jurisprudence, the foreign legislation and the documents published by international organizations. The search result is the postulate that the constitutional guarantees of adversarial and legal defense have immediate irradiation in private relations governed by the Direct Labour ensured by complete eficacial and effectiveness horizontal of the rule inserted in Article 5, LV, of the Federal Constitution 1988, not depending of any legislation or legislative change. To respect the constitutional provision, an employer who intends to sanction or dismiss the worker with a just cause argument must previously assure to him the exercise of the assurances of the contradictory and the legal defense, under penalty of nullity sanction imposed by lack of essential validity. In the case of dismission by just cause, the disrespect to the assurances implies consider the serious lack ineffectual, changing the argument of dismission for unjust type, unless the employee has obtained provisional stability, in which case will be possible think on reinstatement of the worker / O presente trabalho divulga pesquisa que adotou como objeto central a aplicabilidade das garantias do contraditório e da ampla defesa diante do poder disciplinar do empregador privado. A pesquisa se concentrou no estudo da eficácia do artigo 5º, LV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, seus contornos de incidência, seus efeitos como norma definidora de direitos fundamentais e as peculiaridades de sua aplicação na relação de emprego. O problema central foi enfrentando em duas perspectivas: Incialmente, estudou-se a aplicabilidade da norma constitucional sob a lente da moderna teoria constitucional, adotando-se, como principal marco teórico, a tese de eficácia das normas constitucionais de José Afonso da Silva. Em segundo momento, sem caráter exclusivo, analisou-se o problema sob os postulados do constitucionalismo contemporâneo e da teoria dos direitos fundamentais. O método de pesquisa consistiu na revisão crítica da doutrina tangente ao tema, na investigação das fontes primárias do processo legislativo constitucional, do acervo jurisprudencial correlato, da legislação estrangeira e dos documentos publicados pelos Organismos Internacionais. O resultado é o postulado de que as garantias constitucionais do contraditório e da ampla defesa têm imediata irradiação nas relações privadas reguladas pelo direto do trabalho, assegurado pela plenitude eficacial e pela eficácia horizontal da norma inserida no artigo 5º, LV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, não sendo dependente de qualquer legislação infraconstitucional conformadora ou de alteração legislativa. Em respeito à norma constitucional, o empregador que tiver a intenção de sancionar ou despedir motivadamente o trabalhador deve previamente assegura-lhe o exercício do contraditório e da ampla defesa, sob pena de nulidade da sanção aplicada por falta de elemento essencial de validade. Tratando-se de resolução do contrato por justa causa, o desrespeito às garantias implica em se considerar insubsistente a falta grave, convertendo-se a dispensa para a modalidade imotivada, salvo se o trabalhador for detentor de estabilidade provisória, hipótese em que será possível falar em sua reintegração

La responsabilité internationale est un ensemble de conséquences liées à laviolation des obligations internationales, soit le lien juridique par lequel un sujet de droitinternational est tenu, envers un ou plusieurs autres sujets, d’adopter un comportementdéterminé ou de s’en abstenir. S’il y a un comportement illicite, la Communautéinternationale peut intervenir, c’est ce que l’on dénomme souvent « droit d’ingérence ». Cedernier a évolué récemment vers une nouvelle terminologie introduite dans le rapport de laCIISE : « responsabilité de protéger ». C’est un concept selon lequel les Etats souverains ontl’obligation de protéger leurs propres populations contre des catastrophes de grande ampleur.Dans la dynamique du dépassement de l’antagonisme entre souveraineté et intervention, nousanalyserons le comportement de la Communauté internationale face à la « responsabilité deprotéger », le rôle qui lui incombe lorsque l’Etat faillit à ses obligations. Au-delà de cesauteurs, il reste encore à définir quels sont les bénéficiaires de cette protection, sa mise enœuvre et ses limites. Si la notion de « responsabilité de protéger » ne constitue pas seulementune nouvelle terminologie, garantit-t-elle un degré de protection plus élevé par rapport au« droit d’ingérence ». / International responsibility is a set of consequences connected to the violation ofinternational obligations, this being the legal ties which bind a subject of international law toadopt a defined way of behaving towards another or others or to abstain. If there is illicitconduct the International Community can intervene, which is often named “right ofintervention”. The latter hasrecently developeda new terminology introduced in the (ICISS)report: “responsibility to protect”. It is a concept according to which the sovereign states havethe obligation to protect their own populations against large-scale catastrophes.From theperspective of going beyond the opposition between sovereignty and intervention we willanalyse the behaviour of the International Community faced with the “responsibility toprotect”, its incumbent role when the state fails in its obligations.Aside from its creators itremains to be seen who will benefit from this protection, its implementation and its limits. Ifthe notion of the “responsibility to protect” not only constitutes new terminology, does itchange an issue already raised by the “right of intervention”: military deployment with aimswhich are not purely military?

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Newton Cunha de Sena.pdf: 995812 bytes, checksum: aed06bdc0a05418c66f7c6e3d5eab63e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-06 / This study aims to analyze contract termination for just cause, in light of the right to information. The first chapter deals with the right to information, based on the notion of a fundamental right, with emphasis on its types and characteristics. The second chapter further explores the right to information, based on the study of its intrinsic principles. The third chapter discusses the application of the right to information in legal relationships between individuals, analyzing the various theories on the subject. The next chapter analyzes objective good faith, as the concretization of the right to information in horizontal relationships. In the fifth chapter, the study treats discharge with a just cause in the strict sense, and analyzes its nomenclature, concept, and requirements. The sixth chapter examines the right to information in termination for just cause, and in the seventh chapter the effects of the breach of that accessory obligation are analyzed. Finally, in the eighth chapter, based on the doctrinal content discussed earlier, the importance of the right to information in termination for just cause is examined by studying some modalities that are provided for in labor legislation / O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a rescisão contratual por justa causa a partir do direito de informação. Desta forma, busca-se demonstrar ao longo dos capítulos a ideia central deste, a partir de uma pesquisa de todos os aspectos que a envolvem. No primeiro capítulo, aborda-se o direito de informação a partir da noção de um direito fundamental -, com destaque às suas espécies e características. O segundo capítulo aprofunda o direito de informação, a partir do estudo dos seus princípios intrínsecos. No terceiro capítulo, estuda-se a aplicação do direito de informação nas relações jurídicas entre particulares, analisando as diversas teorias sobre o tema. Como sequência do trabalho, no capítulo seguinte, busca-se analisar a boa-fé objetiva, como forma de concretização do direito de informação nas relações horizontais. No quinto capítulo, o estudo se refere à rescisão contratual por justa causa, propriamente dita, no qual se busca analisar sua nomenclatura, conceito e os seus requisitos. O sexto capítulo estuda o direito de informação na rescisão por justa causa, sendo que, no sétimo capítulo, o objeto é a análise dos efeitos do descumprimento daquela obrigação acessória. Por fim, no oitavo capítulo, a partir de todo o conteúdo doutrinário anteriormente analisado, faz-se uma abordagem da importância do direito de informação na rescisão por justa causa, ao se estudar algumas espécies previstas na legislação trabalhista

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Chagas Soares.pdf: 394781 bytes, checksum: 3b644927936f7d1dfaa03783a539e552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-14 / This dissertation addresses the practical aspects of the Committee of Representatives of companies, aiming to empower enablers to collective agreements concluded between companies and committee representatives elected by the employees, away from the discussions brought in later lawsuits designed to nullify the terms adjustment agreement between the employer and employees / O presente estudo aborda os aspectos práticos do comitê de representantes de empresas, tendo por objetivo dar meios viabilizadores aos acordos coletivos celebrados entre empresas e comitês de representantes eleitos pelos próprios empregados, afastando-se as discussões trazidas em ações judiciais posteriores destinadas a anular os termos do ajuste celebrado entre empregador e empregados