Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-24T21:10:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Karyna Batista Sposato.pdf: 1105531 bytes, checksum: 8621f06395a945547603e66f5a17c70d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-24T21:10:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Karyna Batista Sposato.pdf: 1105531 bytes, checksum: 8621f06395a945547603e66f5a17c70d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-24T21:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Karyna Batista Sposato.pdf: 1105531 bytes, checksum: 8621f06395a945547603e66f5a17c70d (MD5) / O presente estudo tem o objetivo de oferecer os elementos para uma Teoria da Responsabilidade Penal de Adolescentes, que revisite os principais aspectos da responsabilidade penal e possa inspirar uma nova concepção de culpabilidade na matéria. O ponto de partida é a discussão do conceito de imputabilidade e suas repercussões para a menoridade penal. Adotando-se diferentes perspectivas, a partir de aspectos históricos, dogmáticos, político-criminais e de direito comparado, ambicionase desenvolver as primeiras bases de uma Teoria da Responsabilidade Penal de Adolescentes. Por isso, são recuperadas as distintas legislações e regras em matéria de responsabilidade dos menores de 18 anos, através de um apanhado histórico do tratamento jurídico conferido à responsabilidade do menor de idade no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Em seguida, são apresentados os modelos de responsabilidade e regulação de justiça juvenil discutindo-se as feições do modelo brasileiro. Da análise crítica desse modelo em vigência emerge a necessidade de alicerçar uma doutrina jurídica sólida capaz de fazer avançar a compreensão jurídico-social da problemática do crime cometido por adolescentes. Para tanto, torna-se indispensável enfrentar o tema da imputabilidade em suas mais variadas acepções e em sua correlação com a culpabilidade. Por fim, ao esboçar uma Teoria da Responsabilidade Penal de adolescentes, sob fundamentos eminentemente penais, assume-se o desafio dogmático de traçar possíveis feições de uma culpabilidade específica para os adolescentes quando autores de delito.

Genom analys av ungdomsutredares narrativ om villkoren för yrket, syn på yrkesroll, de unga lagöverträdarna och falska erkännanden undersöker denna studie hur ungdomsutredare uppfattar sin yrkesroll samt hur de uppfattar förutsättningarna för att hantera misstänkta unga lagöverträdare i förhörssituationen. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem ungdomsutredare i Stockholmsregionen visar en dualistisk bild av polisyrket som dels fantastiskt men med usla villkor. Utredarnas narrativ förtäljer om en uppfattning av falska erkännanden som ovanligt i svensk kontext då utredarens uppgift är att utreda vad som hänt oavsett om någon erkänner sig skyldig till brottet. Dock framställs en problematik kring hur de dåliga villkoren påverkar utredaren i sin yrkesroll. Personalpolitik och kunskapsutveckling lyfts fram som något som organisationen behöver förbättra för att stärka utredarens förutsättningar och säkerställa ett rättssäkert förfarande i utredningen. / This study examines how juvenile investigators perceive the preparation for their professional role and how they perceive the requirements and conditions for handling suspected juvenile offenders in the interrogation room. This study is conducted by analyzing the juvenile investigators' narratives about the working conditions of their profession and their approach and attitude toward their professional role, the juvenile offenders, and false confessions. Semi-structured interviews with five juvenile investigators in the Stockholm region reflect a conflicting and dualistic picture of the police profession as being simultaneously both fantastic and yet one of poor working conditions. The narratives of the investigators attest to a perception of false confessions as an unusual phenomenon in the Swedish context due to their professional duty and responsibility to investigate what happened, regardless of whether someone confesses or not. However, poor working conditions seems to have an effect on the investigator: the informants highlight the need for organizational improvement concerning the staff policies, and the investigators’ knowledge development to ensure legal rights in the investigation process.

Esta tese discute as possibilidades de exercício da cidadania de adolescentes pobres a partir da análise dos discursos e práticas da liberdade assistida na cidade de São Paulo. A proposta de inclusão na cidadania por meio da liberdade assistida, que é uma medida socioeducativa e, portanto, uma punição aplicada aos adolescentes autores de ato infracional, emerge com a redemocratização do país, nos anos 1980, e a mobilização social em torno da formalização dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes. Resultando dessa mobilização, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, promulgado em 1990, propõe a liberdade assistida como um espaço possível de garantia de direitos e exercício da cidadania. Porém, as práticas dessa medida, incorporadas recentemente pela política de assistência social, traduzem a garantia de direitos em esquemas formais de intervenção que se apóiam nas relações familiares e na inserção na escola e no mundo do trabalho, desconsiderarando os conflitos e tensões sociais inerentes aos contextos vividos pelos adolescentes. Terminam, assim, por reiterar situações que limitam e inviabilizam o exercício pleno de sua cidadania. / This dissertation discusses the possibilities of effective citizenship experiences among poor adolescents by analyzing the discourses and practices of probation in the city of São Paulo. The proposal of promoting citizenship by probation, which is a rehabilitation measure and also a punishment inflicted on juvenile offenders, emerged together with Brazils re-democratization process, in the 1980s, and the social movements that aimed the formalization of children and adolescents rights. Resulting from these, the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent, published in 1990, proposes probation as a possibility of safeguarding the rights involving citizenship. The practices of probation, recently associated to social policies for the poor, transform the safeguards of rights in formal schemes of intervention that focus on family relations, school education and inclusion in the labor market, regarding less the social conflicts and tensions of the adolescents social context. The effects of these practices are the reassuring of situations that limit the full experience of citizenship.

Sveriges kriminalpolitiska diskurs är i ständig förändring, vilket påverkar de straff som döms ut till unga lagöverträdare. Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att undersöka den kriminalpolitiska diskursens innehåll utifrån argument som förs för respektive emot särbehandling vid tilldelning av straff för unga lagöverträdare. Granskningen genomfördes utifrån olika regeringsbildningar (Högerregering mellan 2006–2014, Vänsterregering mellan 2014–2022) och i relation till den straffrättsliga principen om proportionalitet och de teoretiska utgångspunkterna individualprevention, allmänprevention och Dual Systems Model. Det innefattade en granskning av potentiella skillnader i argument mellan unga omyndiga lagöverträdare i åldern 15–17 och unga myndiga lagöverträdare i åldern 18–20. En kvalitativ tematisk analys gjordes utifrån olika politiska dokument, vilket var studiens urval och material. Resultatet visade på flertalet argument för och emot särbehandling av unga omyndiga respektive unga myndiga lagöverträdare vid tilldelning av straff. Det sågs också skillnader i regeringsbildningarna, där vänsterregeringen har haft en skärpt kriminalpolitik för unga lagöverträdare i jämförelse med högerregeringen. / The discourse of the criminal policy in Sweden is constantly changing, which will affect the punishments given to juvenile offenders. The aim of the present thesis was to examine the content of the criminal policy discourse regarding juvenile offenders through analyzing arguments for and against treating juvenile offenders differently when assigning sentences. This was examined through carefully reviewing different government formations (Right wing between 2006–2014, Left wing between 2014–2022) and in relation to the criminal justice principle proportionality and the theoretical frameworks individual prevention, general prevention, and Dual Systems Model. It also included an examination for potential differences in arguments for minor juvenile offenders between the ages of 15–17 and juvenile offenders of age between the ages of 18–20. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted by reviewing different political documents, which was used as the sample and material. The results showed multiple arguments for and against treating minor juvenile offenders and juvenile offenders of age differently than adult offenders when assigning sentences. It also showed differences between the government formations where the left formation had a more punitive criminal policy for juvenile offenders compared to the right formation.

No description available.

In this project the various International Instruments, namely the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, 1989, the Beijing Rules and the African Charter, relating to the protection of the rights of children were discussed focusing on the rights of children in conflict with the law. The important guidelines regarding the establishment of a minimum age for criminal capacity, detention, legal representation, diversion, sentencing, pre-sentence reports, child justice Courts and the confidentiality of children’s Court hearings were highlighted. The current positions in South African law with regard to these issues were discussed and the proposed provisions in the Child Justice Bill, 49 of 2002 were furnished. The research included all the magistrates in Gauteng that were in service during February 2003 and March 2003. Throughout the project the important role that forensic criminologists can and should play in a juvenile justice system was highlighted. / Criminology / M.A.

In this project the various International Instruments, namely the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, 1989, the Beijing Rules and the African Charter, relating to the protection of the rights of children were discussed focusing on the rights of children in conflict with the law. The important guidelines regarding the establishment of a minimum age for criminal capacity, detention, legal representation, diversion, sentencing, pre-sentence reports, child justice Courts and the confidentiality of children’s Court hearings were highlighted. The current positions in South African law with regard to these issues were discussed and the proposed provisions in the Child Justice Bill, 49 of 2002 were furnished. The research included all the magistrates in Gauteng that were in service during February 2003 and March 2003. Throughout the project the important role that forensic criminologists can and should play in a juvenile justice system was highlighted. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A.

Psychological assessment ofjuveniles being considered for waiver to adult criminal courts often requires systematic evaluation of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and amenability to treatment (ATX). Despite the importance of these constructs to the evaluation of juveniles, little is known about the criteria that constitute these three constructs. This study was designed to assist in clarifying the constructs of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and ATX that typically guide juvenile transfers. Generally, prototypicality ratings were aligned with the current literature on dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and ATX.

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a forma como o adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação é socialmente construído pelos funcionários que atuam ao final do processo de implementação de tal medida, como psicólogos, assistentes sociais, professores e agentes de apoio socioeducativo, ou seja, por aqueles que executam e vivenciam, a seu modo, a medida socioeducativa determinada pelo Judiciário ao adolescente. Dessa forma, intenciona-se acessar as formas como tais funcionários atribuem sentido às atitudes do adolescente com quem interagem cotidianamente, compreendendo as categorias e classificações produzidas e/ou reproduzidas por este grupo profissional ao delimitar direitos e deveres do adolescente internado. Dessa forma, entende-se aqui que as lógicas classificatórias utilizadas por tais funcionários mostram-se como fontes para julgamentos e atitudes, construindo um sistema de interpretação. Nesse contexto, objetiva-se compreender as classificações mobilizadas por tais funcionários, bem como as formas como tais classificações são instrumentalizadas no cotidiano da medida socioeducativa de internação / The goal of this research is to understand how confined juveniles are socially constructed by the employees who work in the end of the implementation process of the confinement measure, such as psychologists, social assistants, teachers and and social-pedagogical agents. These are the ones who execute and experience the social-pedagogical measure of confinement determined by the Juvenile Court. Therefore, I aim at understanding how these employees attribute meaning to the actions of the adolescents with whom they constantly interact, comprehending the categories produced and/or reproduced by this professional group considering that they are responsible for creating the confined adolescents boundaries of rights and duties. Therefore, I understand the categorization logics used by these employees as sources for judgments and actions, creating an interpretation system. It is considering this context that I intend to comprehend the categories used by the employees, as well as to understand how these categories are used during the day by day of the social-pedagogical measure of confinement

There is an overrepresentation of youths with disabilities in the juvenile justice system. As a result, each year thousands of juvenile offenders despite of the seriousness of the crimes committed, are released from incarceration with the hopes of living a successful life in society. Despite progressive research on identifying factors associated with desistance, it is still unclear what factors contribute to desistance for serious juvenile offenders and especially those with disabilities. The current study investigated the individual differences (e.g., moral disengagement, motivation to succeed and impulse control) and social factors (e.g., employment, education and maternal warmth) that are important in the process of desistance for serious juvenile offenders. The sample of 14 to 17-year-old male and female offenders (N =1354) was composed primarily of ethnically marginalized youths who have committed serious offenses. Results of the study indicated that both social and individual factors are significant predictors of desistance from crime. However, varied significance was found as it relates to Aggressive, Income Offending and desistance. Results obtained are applicable to scholarship across multiple disciplines, as well as inform policy, practice and future research on desistance from crime. Limitations of the study were also stated.