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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

FLASH変異マウスとES細胞を用いたFLASH/casp8ap2の生理機能解析

南田, 佳孝 23 January 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 乙第12900号 / 論生博第12号 / 新制||生||43(附属図書館) / 31654 / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 米原 伸, 教授 西田 栄介, 教授 井垣 達吏 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
82

Jag är en ko

Sanne, Lovén Rolén January 2022 (has links)
Varför ko? Den frågan må kanske verka simpel men verkar vara svårare att svara på än man kan tro. Tro rimmar ju på ko. Kanske kan examensuppsatsen enbart bygga på rim? Jag vet inte vart det här ska leda någonstans men jag har tänkt att fylla en sida med tankar och ord kring var jag är nu. Inte tänka på något annat. Helst inte ta bort och ändra, även om jag gjorde det nyss. En ko. Var ska kon bo? Det var där jag började tänka för några veckor sedan, och var inställd på att bilda ett hem till min ko. Det känns fint men samtidigt ganska banalt. Som en förenkling av problemet, kanske. Lite som vita havet-diskussionen: Byt namn så är allt löst. Bygg ett hem till din ko så är problemet borta. Puts väck. Jag förstår nog innerst inne att det inte fungerar så. Men det hade ju varit så mycket enklare att bara bygga ett bo till min ko. Jag behöver nog mer källor, mer kött på benen även om jag tycker att det är ett otroligt onice uttryck. Vet inte varför. Hur som helst tror jag helt enkelt att jag behöver hitta en kontext för att känna mig helt bekväm med att undersöka denna vilja till att göra en ko. Jag återkommer ofta till att inte ha något svar. Lite för att jag uppskattar nonchalansen i att inte behöva förklara allt. Att saker kan bara vara och inte ha någon förklaring. Sen kommer jag på att jag inte känner mig helt nöjd där heller. Inser kanske att man, för att vara så pass självsäker, behöver heta Leif GW Persson eller åtminstone ha ungefär hundra års erfarenhet på nacken. Kanske behöver, eller vill, man ha ett svar i alla fall för sig själv? Min önskan är att med detta arbete ifrågasätta normer och hierarkier. Jag vill väcka debatt och tankar hos folk. Väcka tankar kring varför vi människor är som vi är och gör som vi gör. Medan min uppsats kommer fokusera mycket på hierarkier mellan djur och människor (genom ämnen som posthumanism och karnism) kommer gestaltningen främst synliggöra mitt slarviga, barnsliga uttryck och genom det ifrågasätta hierarkin som finns mellan konst och konsthantverk (genom begrepp som sloppy craft). Gemensamt för uppsatsen och gestaltningen är alltså att jag undersöker hierarkier. Posthumanism, som jag nämnde ovan, är ett ämne som passar det jag vill undersöka och som avgränsar arbetet något. I ”Köttslöjd” (2018) skriver Michell Göransson om hur ”vi snarare än att äta ko eller gris äter högrev, plankstek och (garanterat hundfri) hotdog”. Varför gör vi så? Kanske för att vi försvarar våra egentligen oförsvarbara handlingar för att känna oss mer värdiga som människor. Under mina tre år på Konstfack har jag ibland känt en längtan efter att vara mer personlig i mitt uttryck. Ibland känns det som att jag klär mitt konstnärliga uttryck i ord som högrev och plankstek för att slippa visa mig själv. Det har känts lättare att utgå från andras (djurens) problem än mina egna. Jag skulle vilja inkludera mig själv lite mer i det här examensarbetet - vem är jag i det här? Slutligen, humor. Ett ledord för den här uppsatsen och arbetet vill jag ska vara självdistans. Därför följer här en intervju med en ko, som jag tänker kan vara någon slags utgångspunkt för arbetet.
83

Presynaptic mechanisms of short-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fibersynapses / Mécanismes présynaptiques de la plasticité à court terme des synapses fibres moussues de l’hippocampe / Presynaptische mechanismen van korte-termijn plasticiteit in mosvezel synapsen van de hippocampus

Gonzalez i Llinares, Bernat 17 December 2014 (has links)
Les synapses fibres moussues de l‘hippocampe entre le gyrus denté et les cellulespyramidales de CA3 sont caractérisées par leur morphologie particulière, et par leurspropriétés distinctives de transmission synaptique et de plasticité présynaptique. Cessynapses sont parfois appelées «détonatrices» pour leur rôle fonctionnel dansl‘encodage de la mémoire épisodique. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires à labase des propriétés spécifiques de ces synapses restent peu connus. Ce travail estcomposé de deux parties principales:1) Phénotypage des synapses fibres moussues de l'hippocampe chez les sourisVAMP7 KOVAMP7 est une protéine SNARE vésiculaire de la famille des longins, qui joue unrôle dans la croissance des neurites durant le développement. Dans le cerveauadulte, VAMP7 est enrichi dans un sous-ensemble de terminaisons nerveuses, enparticulier dans les fibres moussues de l‗hippocampe. Nous avons analysé lafonction de VAMP7 dans la libération de neurotransmetteurs par une caractérisationextensive de la transmission synaptique et des mécanismes de plasticité de cettesynapse. L'absence de VAMP7 ne cause pas de graves déficits développementauxou neuronaux (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Les mécanismesprésynaptiques de la plasticité à court terme de la fibre moussue de l‘hippocampesemblent également normaux, pour des raisons éventuelles qui seront discutées.2) Circuits du CA3 examinés par traçage viral et enregistrements de pairesNous avons développé une technique pour établir des enregistrements en pairesentre cellules en grain du gyrus denté connectées et cellules pyramidales CA3 (GCCA3),sur des cultures organotypiques de tranches d'hippocampe de souris. Pouridentifier les partenaires présynaptiques directs à une cellule pyramidale CA3 ciblée,nous avons combiné l‘électroporation cellulaire unitaire et le traçage mono-transsynaptiquebasé sur un virus de la rage recombinant et pseudotypé. Nous avonstransfecté une cellule pyramidale CA3 unique par tranche avec les plasmides codantla glycoprotéine d‘enveloppe du virus de la rage (RG), un rapporteur fluorescent, etla protéine TVA (récepteur de surface apparenté au EnvA, qui n'a pas d‘homologuechez les cellules de mammifères). Les tranches ont ensuite été infectées avec levirus de la rage recombinant et pseudotypé. Après 3-4 jours, le traçage mono-transsynaptiquerévèle les entrées présynaptiques de ce neurone unique. Ensuite, nousavons pu établir des enregistrements de paires entre les cellules en grain-CA3connectés, ainsi que de quantifier les partenaires présynaptiques de la cellulepyramidale CA3 de départ. / The hippocampal mossy fiber is characterized by its particular morphology, distinctsynaptic transmission and presynaptic plasticity. Moreover, this synapse has beencalled ―teacher‖ or ―detonator‖ for its proposed functional role in episodic memoryencoding. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its specific functionalproperties remain elusive. This work is composed of two main parts:1) Phenotyping Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses in VAMP7 KO MiceVAMP7 is a vesicle SNARE of the longin family important in neurite growth duringdevelopment. In the adult brain, VAMP7 is enriched in a subset of nerve terminals,particularly at the hippocampal mossy fiber. We analyzed VAMP7 function inneurotransmitter release by characterizing basal and evoked transmission at thissynapse in KO mice and fully tested hypotheses relevant to short-term plasticity.Loss of VAMP7 has been previously reported not to cause major developmental orneurological deficits (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Presynapticmechanisms of short-term plasticity at the hippocampal mossy fiber also seemunaffected for potential reasons that will be discussed.2) CA3 Circuits Probed with RABV-Tracing and Paired RecordingsWe developed a technique to establish paired recordings between connected dentategyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells (GC-CA3) in mouse hippocampalorganotypic slice cultures. To identify direct presynaptic partners to a defined targetCA3 pyramidal cell, we combined single-cell electroporation (SCE) and mono-transsynaptictracing based on a pseudotyped, recombinant rabies virus (EnvApseudotyped RABV ΔG). Using SCE we transfected a single CA3 pyramidal cell perslice with the plasmids encoding: the RABV envelope glycoprotein (RG), afluorescent reporter, and TVA (the EnvA cognate surface receptor, which has nohomologue in mammalian cells). The slices were subsequently infected with EnvApseudotyped RABV ΔG. After 3-4 days, the RABV mono-trans-synaptic tracingrevealed the presynaptic inputs of that single neuron. Then, we were able toestablish paired recordings between connected GC-CA3 cells, as well as to quantifythe presynaptic partners of the starter CA3 pyramidal cell. / De mosvezel van de hippocampus kenmerkt zich door een bijzondere morfologie,uitzonderlijke synaptische transmissie en presynaptische plasticiteit. De synapswordt ook wel "leraar" of "detonator" genoemd vanwege zijn waarschijnlijke rol in decodering van het episodisch geheugen. Toch blijven de specifieke moleculairemechanismen van dit synaps onbekend. Dit werk bestaat uit twee delen:1) Fenotypering van mosvezel synapsen van de hippocampus in VAMP7 KO muizenVAMP7 is een vesicle-SNARE van de longin familie van belang bij de groei vanneurieten tijdens de ontwikkeling. In de volwassen hersenen, wordt VAMP7 verrijkt ineen subset van zenuwuiteinden, vooral in de mosvezel van de hippocampus. Weanalyseerden VAMP7 functie in neurotransmitter afgifte door het karakteriseren vanbasale en opgeroepen transmissie bij deze synaps in KO muizen. Eerder is algesteld dat gebrek aan VAMP7 niet leidt tot grote ontwikkelings- of neurologischeafwijkingen (Sato et al., 2011; Danglot et al., 2012). Presynaptische mechanismenvan korte termijn plasticiteit in de mosvezel van de hippocampus lijken ookonaangetast te zijn, de mogelijke redenen hiervoor zullen worden besproken.2) CA3 circuits onderzocht met behulp van RABV-tracing en gekoppelde opnamesWe ontwikkelden een techniek om gekoppelde opnames tussen korelcellen van degyrus dentatus en aangesloten CA3 piramidale cellen (KC-CA3) op zogenaamde‗mouse hippocampal organotypic slice cultures‘ te meten. Om rechtstreeksepresynaptische partners te identificeren van een specifieke CA3 piramidale cel,combineerden we single-cell electroporation (SCE) en mono-trans-synaptic tracingop basis van een pseudo-typed, recombinant rabiësvirus (EnvA pseudogetypedRABV ΔG). Met behulp van SCE transfecteerde we één CA3 piramidale cel per slicemet plasmiden die coderen voor: het RABV glycoproteïne-envelop (RG), eenfluorescerende reporter, en TVA (de aan EnvA verwante oppervlakte receptor diegeen homoloog in zoogdiercellen heeft). De slices werden vervolgens geïnfecteerdmet ENVA pseudogetyped RABV ΔG. Na 3-4 dagen bracht de RABV mono-transsynaptischetracing de presynaptische ingangen van die ene neuron aan het licht.Hierna konden we gekoppelde opnames doen tussen verbonden KC-CA3 cellen.Daarnaast konden we de presynaptische partners van de starter CA3 pyramidale celkwantificeren.
84

Roles of the multifunctional protein E4F1 in cellular senescence / Rôles de la protéine multifonctionnelle E4F1 au cours de la senescence

Maciejewska, Zuzanna 14 December 2010 (has links)
Le facteur de transcription E4F1 fût initialement identifié comme une cible cellulaire de l'oncoprotéine virale E1A au cours de l'infection par l'adénovirus sérotype V. E4F1 est une protéine multifonctionelle essentielle au cours du développement embryonnaire précoce et joue des rôles importants dans l'équilibre entre prolifération/survie de différents types cellulaires, notamment des cellules souches. Au niveau moléculaire, E4F1 possède des activités transcriptionelles intrinsèques mais possède également une activité ubiquitine E3 ligase atypique dirigée contre d'autres facteurs de transcription tel que le suppresseur de tumeur p53. Récemment, il a été démontré qu'E4F1 régule les voies oncogéniques impliquant p53 et Rb qui jouent un rôle essentiel au cours de la sénescence cellulaire. La sénescence, qui est définie par un arrêt irréversible du cycle cellulaire, est considéré comme un mécanisme suppresseur de tumeurs essentiel au cours des phases précoces du développement tumoral. L'objectif de ma thèse a été d'évaluer le rôle d'E4F1 au cours de la sénescence cellulaire. Au travers d'études menées sur des fibroblastes humains primaires et des fibroblastes embryonnaires murins dérivés de souris génétiquement modifiées pour le gène E4F1, j'ai examiné comment la perturbation des activités d'E4F1 module l'initiation ou le maintien de la sénescence prématurée induit par l'oncogène RAS, la déplétion du membre de la famille polycomb Bmi1, ou par les dommages à l'ADN. Mes résultats suggèrent que la déplétion d'E4F1 protège partiellement contre l'induction de la sénescence alors que l'expression ectopique d'E4F1 accélère la sénescence par son implication dans la voie INK4A/ARF-p53. L'ensemble de mes résultats supportent la notion qu'E4F1 est un régulateur important de la sénescence cellulaire. / E4F1 was originally identified as a cellular target of the viral oncoprotein E1A during adenoviral infection. E4F1 is a multifunctional protein that is essential during early embryogenesis and plays important roles in the proliferation/survival balance of different cell types including stem cells. At the molecular level, E4F1 exhibits intrinsic transcriptional activities but also an ubiquitin E3 ligase function that targets other transcription factors, including the p53 tumor suppressor. Recent studies indicate that E4F1 impinge on several pathways, including the Rb and p53 pathways, that are known to influence cellular senescence, an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that is considered to be an essential tumor suppressor mechanism during early steps of tumorigenesis. The objective of my thesis was to evaluate the roles of E4F1 during cellular senescence. Using human primary fibroblasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from genetic ally engineered mouse models, I investigated how perturbations of E4F1 activities modulated the initiation or the maintenance of premature senescence induced by oncogenic Ras, depletion of the polycomb member Bmi1 or DNA damage. My results suggest that E4F1 depletion partly protects from the induction of cellular senescence whereas ectopic expression of E4F1 accelerates premature senescence through its implication in the Ink4a/ARF-p53 pathway. Altogether, my results support the notion that E4F1 is an important regulator of cellular senescence.
85

Adaptivni sistem za automatsku polu-nadgledanu klasifikaciju podataka / Adaptive System for Automated Semi-supervised Data Classification

Slivka Jelena 23 December 2014 (has links)
<p>Cilj &ndash; Cilj istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije je razvoj sistema za automatsku polu-nadgledanu klasifikaciju podataka. Sistem bi trebao biti primenljiv na &scaron;irokom spektru domena gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a te&scaron;ko je, ili čak nemoguće, doći do dovoljno velikog i raznovrsnog obučavajućeg skupa podataka<br />Metodologija &ndash; Modeli opisani u disertaciji se baziraju na kombinaciji ko-trening algoritma i tehnika učenja sa grupom hipoteza. Prvi korak jeste obučavanje grupe klasifikatora velike raznolikosti i kvaliteta. Sa ovim ciljem modeli eksploati&scaron;u primenu različitih konfiguracija ko-trening algoritma na isti skup podataka. Prednost ovog pristupa je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja značajno manjeg anotiranog obučavajućeg skupa za inicijalizaciju algoritma.<br />Skup nezavisno obučenih ko-trening klasifikatora se kreira generisanjem predefinisanog broja slučajnih podela obeležja polaznog skupa podataka. Nakon toga se, polazeći od istog inicijalnog obučavajućeg skupa, ali kori&scaron;ćenjem različitih kreiranih podela obeležja, obučava grupa ko-trening klasifikatora. Nakon ovoga, neophodno je kombinovati predikcije nezavisno obučenih klasifikatora.<br />Predviđena su dva načina kombinovanja predikcija. Prvi način se zasniva na klasifikaciji zapisa na osnovu većine glasova grupe ko-trening klasifikatora. Na ovaj način se daje predikcija za svaki od zapisa koji su pripadali grupi neanotiranih primera kori&scaron;ćenih u toku obuke ko-treninga. Potom se primenjuje genetski algoritam u svrhu selekcije najpouzdanije klasifikovanih zapisa ovog skupa. Konačno,<br />163<br />najpouzdanije klasifikovani zapisi se koriste za obuku finalnog klasifikatora. Ovaj finalni klasifikator se koristi za predikciju klase zapisa koje je neophodno klasifikovati. Opisani algoritam je nazvan Algoritam Statistike Slučajnih Podela (Random Split Statistics algorithm, RSSalg).<br />Drugi način kombinovanja nezavisno obučenih ko-trening klasifikatora se zasniva na GMM-MAPML tehnici estimacije tačnih klasnih obeležja na osnovu vi&scaron;estrukih obeležja pripisanih od strane različitih anotatora nepoznatog kvaliteta. U ovom algoritmu, nazvanom Integracija Vi&scaron;estrukih Ko-treninranih Klasifikatora (Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers, IMCC), svaki od nezavisno treniranih ko-trening klasifikatora daje predikciju klase za svaki od zapisa koji je neophodno klasifikovati. U ovoj postavci se svaki od ko-trening klasifikatora tretira kao jedan od anotatora čiji je kvalitet nepoznat, a svakom zapisu, za koga je neophodno odrediti klasno obeležje, se dodeljuje vi&scaron;e klasnih obeležja. Na kraju se primenjuje GMM-MAPML tehnika, kako bi se na osnovu dodeljenih vi&scaron;estrukih klasnih obeležja za svaki od zapisa izvr&scaron;ila estimacija stvarnog klasnog obeležja zapisa.<br />Rezultati &ndash; U disertaciji su razvijena dva modela, Integracija Vi&scaron;estrukih Ko-treninranih Klasifikatora (IMCC) i Algoritam Statistike Slučajnih Podela (RSSalg), bazirana na ko-trening algoritmu, koja re&scaron;avaju zadatak automatske klasifikacije u slučaju nepostojanja dovoljno velikog anotiranog korpusa za obuku. Modeli predstavljeni u disertaciji dizajnirani su tako da omogućavaju primenu ko-trening algoritma na skupove podataka bez prirodne podele obeležja, kao i da unaprede njegove performanse. Modeli su na vi&scaron;e skupova podataka različite veličine, dimenzionalnosti i redudantnosti poređeni sa postojećim ko-trening alternativama. Pokazano je da razvijeni modeli na testiranim skupovima podataka postižu bolje performanse od testiranih ko-trening alternativa.<br />Praktična primena &ndash; Razvijeni modeli imaju &scaron;iroku mogućnost primene u svim domenima gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a anotiranje podataka dugotrajno i skupo. U disertaciji je prikazana i primena razvijenih modela u nekoliko konkretnih<br />164<br />situacija gde su modeli od posebne koristi: detekcija subjektivnosti, vi&scaron;e-kategorijska klasifikacija i sistemi za davanje preporuka.<br />Vrednost &ndash; Razvijeni modeli su korisni u &scaron;irokom spektru domena gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a anotiranje podataka dugotrajno i skupo. Njihovom primenom se u značajnoj meri smanjuje ljudski rad neophodan za anotiranje velikih skupova podataka. Pokazano je da performanse razvijenih modela prevazilaze performanse postojećih alternativa razvijenih sa istim ciljem relaksacije problema dugotrajne i mukotrpne anotacije velikih skupova podataka.</p> / <p>Aim &ndash; The research presented in this thesis is aimed towards the development of the system for automatic semi-supervised classification. The system is designed to be applicable on the broad spectrum of practical domains where automatic classification of data is needed but it is hard or impossible to obtain a large enough training set.<br />Methodology &ndash; The described models combine co-training algorithm with ensemble learning with the aim to overcome the problem of co-training application on the datasets without the natural feature split. The first step is to create the ensemble of co-training classifiers. For this purpose the models presented in this thesis apply different configurations of co-training on the same training set. Compared to existing similar approaches, this approach requires a significantly smaller initial training set.<br />The ensemble of independently trained co-training classifiers is created by generating a predefined number of random feature splits of the initial training set. Using the same initial training set, but different feature splits, a group of co-training classifiers is trained. The two models differ in the way the predictions of different co-training classifiers are combined.<br />The first approach is based on majority voting: each instance recorded in the enlarged training sets resulting from co-training application is classified by majority voting of the group of obtained co-training classifiers. After this, the genetic algorithm is applied in order to select the group of most reliably classified instances from this set. The most reliable instances are used in<br />167<br />order to train a final classifier which is used to classify new instances. The described algorithm is called Random Split Statistic Algorithm (RSSalg).<br />The other approach of combining single predictions of the group of co-training classifiers is based on GMM-MAPML technique of estimating the true hidden label based on the multiple labels assigned by multiple annotators of unknown quality. In this model, called the Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers (IMCC), each of the independently trained co-training classifiers predicts the label for each test instance. Each co-training classifier is treated as one of the annotators of unknown quality and each test instance is assigned multiple labels (one by each of the classifiers). Finally, GMM-MAPML technique is applied in order to estimate the true hidden label in the multi-annotator setting.<br />Results &ndash; In the dissertation the two models are developed: the Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers (IMCC) and Random Split Statistic Algorithm (RSSalg). The models are based on co-training and aimed towards enabling automatic classification in the cases where the existing training set is insufficient for training a quality classification model. The models are designed to enable the application of co-training algorithm on datasets that lack the natural feature split needed for its application, as well as with the goal to improve co-training performance. The models are compared to their co-training alternatives on multiple datasets of different size, dimensionality and feature redundancy. It is shown that the developed models exhibit superior performance compared to considered co-training alternatives.<br />Practical application &ndash; The developed models are applicable on the wide spectrum of domains where there is a need for automatic classification and training data is insufficient. The dissertation presents the successful application of models in several concrete situations where they are highly<br />168<br />beneficial: subjectivity detection, multicategory classification and recommender systems.<br />Value &ndash; The models can greatly reduce the human effort needed for long and tedious annotation of large datasets. The conducted experiments show that the developed models are superior to considered alternatives.</p>
86

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND FLORAL PHENOLOGY OF SICYOS DEPPEI G. DON (CUCURBITACEAE) IN DISTURBED AREAS IN THE CITY OF SAN ANDRES CHOLULA, PUEBLA, MEXICO

Villa-Rodriguez, Sandra 11 February 2013 (has links)
Sicyos deppei G. Don (Cucurbitaceae) is an invasive monoic annual tendril-bearing vine; it is endemic to Mexico, adapted to the rainfall cycle (June through the end of September) and produces spiny, single seeded fruits. Under serious infestation conditions, S. deppei grows extensively, covering native plants, crops and tree trunks. This study determined the breeding system and pollinators of S. deppei growing in three study sites at urban gardens and disturbed sites at the Campus of the Universidad de las Américas, Puebla in the city of San Andrés Cholula, Puebla (Mexico). Each female inflorescence had an average of 17 flowers at the three study sites. As a step prior to experiments, the timing for stigma receptiveness and pollen viability was determined with the Peroxtesmo KO test (PKO) and Diaminobenzidine test (DAB),respectively. Stigmas of female flowers reach maximum receptivity when flowers are at anthesis; receptivity decreases as the flower reaches the succeeding floral stages. Viability of pollen grains increases with flower development; viabilitypercentages at early stages of floral development are very low, as opposed to the higher percentages of pollen viability found in flowers at anthesis and following developmental stages. Breeding systems were tested for xenogamy and geitonogamy by hand pollinating female flowers. Breeding systems results demonstrated that S. i deppei has a mixed-mating system, being able to set fruit and seed when pollinated with pollen from different plants and from pollen of the same plants. The pollinators were determined with the single-visit method. The diversity of floral visitors in this study was low; the most effective pollinator for S. deppei in this study was Apis mellifera. Throughout the rainy season, this study also described the phenology of S. deppei at the plant and flower level, as well as total plant length. Each stage of development in male and female flowers lasts one day. At the end of the rainy season (N2010) individual plants measured between 947 and 270 cm. / CONACYT, NSERC-CANPOLIN
87

Priklausomų asmenų šeimos narių patirties vertinimas / The evaluation of experience of family members of dependent persons

Karpuška, Mindaugas 23 June 2014 (has links)
Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama ir vertinama priklausomų asmenų šeimos patirtis, teoriniai priklausomybių aspektai. Darbo tikslas – teoriškai išanalizuoti priklausomybių sampratą, atlikti išsamų priklausomybės liga sergančių asmenų šeimos narių patiriamų jausmų ir išgyvenimų tyrimą, pateikiant rezultatus ir išvadas, pasiūlyti galimus pagalbos šeimai sprendimus. Darbo objektas – patirtis, kurią išgyvena priklausomų asmenų šeimos nariai ir jos vertinimas. Darbo hipotezė – priklausomų asmenų šeimos nariai patiria neigiamus išgyvenimus, emocijas ir jausmus, kuriuos sukelia priklausomybės liga šeimoje, tačiau jie neprašo arba negauna pagalbos, nes bijo neigiamos visuomenės reakcijos, taip pat jiems trūksta informacijos, susijusios su pagalbos gavimu. Darbe analizuojami teoriniai priklausomybės aspektai: pateikiama priklausomybės samprata, apibrėžiama, kas yra priklausomybė nuo psichotropinių medžiagų, jos priežastys, alkoholizmo esmė, samprata, priežastys, šių priklausomybių įtaka šeimai ir ypač vaikams. Empiriniu tyrimu apklausti 122 respondentai, kurių šeimos narys – priklausomas asmuo. Nagrinėta, kokia buvo respondentų pirmoji reakcija į priklausomybę, kokios pagalbos ieškojo ir kur kreipėsi, kokios pagalbos sulaukė, kokios tikisi. Taip pat nagrinėti gyvenimo pokyčiai, susiję su priklausomybės faktu bei ateities perspektyvos. Tyrimas parodė, kad dėl priklausomybės fakto nukenčia visi šeimos nariai, susidūrę su priklausomybės faktu, jie išgyvena daug neigiamų emocijų, kurios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master thesis analyse and evaluate experience of substance dependent person family members, theoretical aspects of substance dependent persons also are presented. Aim of the paper is to analyse theoretically concept of substance dependent person, to perform empirical research focused on the experienced emotions and feelings of substance dependent person family members. To propose possible help forms for substance dependent person family members. Object of this master thesis – evaluation of substance dependent person family member’s experience. Hypothesis of this work – family members of substance dependent person deals with a wide negative emotions and feeling, that substance dependent person brings to the family, but they do not ask or search for any help avoiding negative public opinion and labeling also feels lack of information about help sources. Main theoretical aspects of substance dependent person, its’ reasons, concept of drug substance dependent person, alcoholism and its’ impact on family members specially children are presented and discussed. Empirical research, that involved 122 family members of substance dependent persons showed that all members of family are impacted by substance dependent person, they deals with wide range of various negative emotions, such as anger, fear, embarrassment, turmoil, it influences their ability to communicate suitably with their friends, relatives, public and them selves. During the research, respondents named that they are... [to full text]
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Rôle de la protéine Alix dans le système nerveux central : De la neurogenèse à la plasticité synaptique / Function of Alix in central nervous system : From neurogenesis to synaptic plasticity

Laporte, Marine 13 November 2015 (has links)
Alix (ALG-2 Interacting Protein X) est une protéine cytoplasmique impliquée dans divers processus cellulaires allant de l'apoptose à la cytocinèse en passant par le bourgeonnement des virus, la réparation membranaire et la régulation de la voie endosomale. Toutes ces fonctions sont étroitement associées à l'interaction d'Alix avec ses partenaires impliqués dans la déformation des membranes telles que les endophilines A, Tsg-101 et CHMP4B du complexe ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport). Le but de ce projet est de caractériser le phénotype de la souris Alix ko récemment développée au laboratoire, dans l'espoir de mieux comprendre le rôle physiologique d'Alix. Ces souris, viables et fertiles, sont caractérisées par une microcéphalie apparaissant au cours de l'embryogenèse. Ce phénotype est accompagné d'une apoptose massive touchant les progéniteurs neuronaux durant la neurogenèse et d'une altération du développement de l'arborisation dendritique après la naissance. Les souris adultes présentent également des défauts de plasticité synaptique accompagnés d'une altération du recyclage des vésicules synaptiques. L'ensemble de ces processus repose sur la capacité d'Alix à contrôler le remodelage de la membrane plasmique. Au niveau moléculaire, nos travaux sur les neurones en cultures et sur les fibroblastes montrent une régulation de l'endocytose indépendante de la clathrine (CIE) par Alix et les endophilines A qui pourrait être à l'origine du phénotype neuronal de la souris. Cependant, l'association d'Alix avec CHMP4B du complexe ESCRT pourrait également être nécessaire au développement du système nerveux puisque l'interaction Alix-CHMP4B est nécessaire pour le contrôle de la CIE et de la mort neuronale.L'ensemble de ces résultats mets en évidence qu'à travers des mécanismes et des partenaires bien caractérisés, Alix est requise pour de nouvelles fonctions nécessaires au développement et au fonctionnement du système nerveux. / Alix (ALG-2 Interacting Protein X) is a cytoplasmic protein implicated in multiple processes including apoptosis, endosome function, membrane repair, viral budding and cytokinesis. Most of these involve modifications of plasma or endosomal membrane organization. Consistent with this, Alix is known to interact with diverse proteins modulating membrane deformation, such as endophilins or Tsg-101 and CHMP4B of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). By studying the phenotype of Alix ko mice that we recently developed, we aim to better understand the precise role of Alix in vivo. These mice are viable and fertile but develop microcephaly even at embryonic stages. This microcephaly is associated with an increase of apoptosis in neural progenitor cells in embryos and a defect in neurite outgrowth at post-natal stages. Later on, these mice also develop defects in synaptic plasticity related to an alteration of synaptic vesicle recycling. All of these processes are tightly dependent on membrane shaping and remodelling. These features of the phenotype can be related to a new function of Alix with endophilin A in the control of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE), as described in Alix ko fibroblasts and cultured neurons. However, these defects might also be related to the well-known Alix partner CHMP4B, since we now know that this interaction is needed for controlling CIE and neuronal cell death.All together, these results shed light on novel functions of Alix in the developing and adult central nervous system, all relying on well-known molecular mechanisms and partners.
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Assessment of new potential therapeutic targets in murine and cellular models of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Thys, An 18 November 2015 (has links)
The present thesis project focused on the preclinical study of Neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1), Endoglin/CD105 (Eng), Glypican 6 (Gpc6) and Sprouty homolog 4 (Spry4) as potential markers or molecular targets for future therapeutic interventions of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Ntsr1 expression was characterized was reported in a paper that I co-authored entitled “Neurotensin receptor 1 is expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors but not in interstitial cells of Cajal.” by Gromova et al. PLOS ONE, 2009. As radio-labeled NTSR1 ligand analogues have already been reported for whole-body imaging and therapeutic interventions, prompting us to investigate NTSR1 as a target for in vivo imaging of GIST.Next, expression of Eng was characterized in the KitK641E murine GIST model, human GIST, GIST882 and BaF3 cells. This study has been reported in “Endoglin/CD105 is expressed in KIT positive cells in the gut and gastrointestinal stromal tumors” by Gromova et al. JCMM, 2011, a paper I co-authored. As result, an American start-up approached us to assess their proprietary compound targeting ENG on GIST882 cells. However, concerns were raised about possible non-selective action and the project was stalled by the company.Subsequently, GIST tissue microarrays were examined by immunohistochemistry using the sole commercially available GPC6 antibody. No statistical correlation could be found between GPC6-ir and GIST clinic-pathological features and concerns were raised about the reliability of the GPC6 antibody used. Ultimately, Spry4 was investigated in the last part of my thesis. In vitro, we have demonstrated that Spry4 is specifically upregulated by the ERK pathway in GIST882 cells. In vivo, Spry4 deficient mice showed an ICC hyperplasia in antrum and colon, using a new ICC quantification method developed in the lab, which was reminiscent of the oncogenic GIST murine model KitK641E. Similarities between Spry4 KO and KitK641E heterozygous animals were even further emphasized by functional studies, as both genotypes showed a delay in transit time. This study lead to the publication “Hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal in Sprouty homolog 4 deficient mice” by Thys et al. 2015, PLOS ONE. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Opartisk artikel eller osynlig annons? : Om gränsdragningen mellan innehållsmarknadsföring och icke-kommersiella meddelanden i redaktionell text, samt om kravet på reklamidentifiering i det nya medielandskapet. / Impartial article or invisible ad? : The fine line between promotion messages and non-commercial messages in editorial texts, and the meaning of advertisement identification in a digital context

Engström, Catrine January 2018 (has links)
När meddelanden som förmedlas till konsumenter är avsättningsfrämjande och har rent kommersiell karaktär anses de utgöra marknadsföring, och omfattas av reglerna i Marknadsföringslagen (2008:486) (MFL). Marknadsföring ska bl.a. följa regler om reklamidentifiering som stadgar att kommersiella meddelanden ska märkas på ett så tydligt sätt att en konsument redan vid flyktig kontakt inser att det är fråga om marknadsföring. Reglerna om reklamidentifiering ska underlätta för konsumenter att identifiera vilka meddelanden som utgör reklam, och mot bakgrund av denna vetskap kunna ta ställning till meddelandets trovärdighet och betydelse. Meddelanden som innehåller allmänna upplysningar, är opinionsbildande, eller på annat sätt har en annan än rent kommersiell karaktär, faller utanför tillämpningsområdet för MFL och omfattas istället av det grundlagsstadgade yttrandefrihetsskyddet. Frågan om när ett meddelande har rent kommersiell karaktär och därmed utgör marknadsföring, är särskilt komplicerad när meddelandet förmedlas i redaktionell text och publiceras av någon annan än näringsidkaren själv. Meddelanden som t.ex. utgör nyheter eller ger uttryck för en publicists personliga åsikter, skyddas av yttrandefrihet. Om den som publicerar ett meddelande gör det på uppdrag av en näringsidkare och mottar någon form av vederlag för publiceringen, får meddelandet dock anses utgöra marknadsföring. När meddelanden i redaktionell text utgör marknadsföring, uppkommer frågan om vilken märkning som ska användas för att uppfylla lagens krav på tydlig reklammarkering. Vilken märkning som krävs skiljer sig beroende på hur meddelandet är utformat och genom vilket medium det förmedlas. För kommersiella meddelanden som förmedlas i nyhetstidningar, på nätet eller i pappersform, synes det krävas att meddelandets layout skiljer sig från övrig redaktionell text, samt att meddelandet märks med ordet ”annonssida” eller motsvarande begrepp. För meddelanden som publiceras i sociala medier är det svårare att utröna vad som generellt utgör en tillräcklig reklammarkering, eftersom det varierar beroende på vilket socialt medium som används, och vilken kunskap den genomsnittlige mottagaren av meddelandet har. Ett krav som dock framstår som gemensamt för kommersiella meddelanden i sociala medier, är att det redan överst i inlägget eller i inledningen av en text ska framgå att inlägget utgör marknadsföring.

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