Healthcare leaders must establish a just culture to mitigate preventable medical deaths that occur at 250,000 per year, making medical errors the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the attributes of nurse manager leadership styles that contribute to promoting a just culture at the unit level. Guided by the full range leadership theory and the just culture model, the purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to determine the relationship between nurse manager transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and unit level just culture perceptions and the differences between staff nurses’ and nurse managers’ perceptions of leadership styles and just culture. The Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire and the Just Culture Assessment tool were administered to 165 U.S. hospital-based staff nurses and nurse managers. ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean just culture scores between transformational, transactional, and/or laissez-faire leadership styles (p < .01). MANOVA outcomes were significant for the difference between the nursing staff’s and nurse managers’ perceptions of nurse managers’ leadership styles (p < .01). This study promotes positive social change identifying transformational and transactional nurse manager leadership skills as a predictor for maintaining a unit level just culture and clarifying the impact of nurse managers’ leadership styles on perceptions of patient safety among frontline nurses and hospital safety. Future research should focus on exploring the relationship between nurse-sensitive patient outcomes such as pressure injuries and hospital-acquired infections along with the unit level just culture and nurse manager leadership styles.

Syftet med denna kvantitativa studie var att undersöka vilken av ledarskapsstilarna transformativt, transaktionellt och laissez-faire som bäst predicerar arbetstillfredsställelse bland medarbetare vid flexibla arbetsformer. Data insamlades med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten bestod av fyra bakgrundsfrågor, 20 påståenden som mätte medarbetarnas arbetstillfredsställelse och 27 påståenden som mätte medarbetarnas upplevelse av deras närmsta chef. Påståendena baserades på mätinstrumenten Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) och Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Resultatet påvisade att den transformativa ledarskapsstilen korrelerade signifikant positivt med arbetstillfredsställelse. Laissez-faire korrelerade signifikant negativt med arbetstillfredsställelse. Dock, var det endast den transformativa ledarskapsstilen som var en signifikant prediktor av arbetstillfredsställelse. Den transaktionella ledarskapsstilen uppvisade ingen signifikant korrelation med arbetstillfredsställelse. Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån denna studie tyder på att den transformativa ledarskapsstilen är lämplig att utöva för att uppnå arbetstillfredsställelse bland medarbetare vid flexibla arbetsformer.

Vad finns det för olika ledarskapsstilar? Vad kännetecknarett bra ledarskap? Och vilken typ av ledarskap är att föredra?Det är några omdiskuterade frågor i forskningsvärden. Menen sak är säker. Ett bra ledarskap är en av de mest avgörandefaktorerna för att ett företag ska bli framgångsrikt.I den här studien har fokus riktats mot en typiskbyggarbetsplats i Sverige idag. Där syftet har varit att ta redapå hur ledarskapet ser ut och vilket ledarskap somarbetsledningen och yrkesarbetarna föredrar utifrån de treklassiska ledarskapsstilarna; Auktoritärt-, demokratiskt- ochlaissez-faire ledarskap. Dessa tre stilar tituleras ibland somThe Full Range Leadership Model vilket motsvarar helaskalan av ledarskap.Peab AB är ett svenskt bygg- och anläggningsföretag och harvarit föremål för denna fallstudie. För att kunna uppnåstudiens syfte och svara på frågeställningarna så krävdes detperspektiv från både arbetsledningen och yrkesarbetarna.Därför genomfördes kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuermed tre platschefer och en kvantitativ enkätundersökningmed yrkesarbetarna på Peab i Skellefteå.Efter intervjuerna med platscheferna och svar påenkätfrågorna från yrkesarbetarna stod det klart att detdemokratiska ledarskapet är det som framförallt tillämpasoch som föredras. Men det är också tydligt att ledaren måsteanpassa sitt ledarskap efter situationen. Ibland behöverledaren gå mot ett auktoritärt ledarskap och ibland mot ettlaissez-fair ledarskap. Det finns tendenser till attarbetsledningen och yrkesarbetarna föredrar laissez-faireledarskap framför det auktoritära ledarskapet. Menframförallt så är det demokratiska ledarskapet som föredras ide flesta fallen. / What are the different leadership styles? What characterizesgood leadership? And what kind of leadership is preferable?There are some debated issues among researchers. But onething is certain. Good leadership is one of the most crucialfactors for a business to be successful.In this study, the focus has been on a typical construction sitein Sweden today. Where the purpose has been to find outhow the leadership looks and which leadership that thework management and professional workers prefer based onthe three classic leadership styles; Authoritarian-,Democratic- and Laissez-faire leadership. These three stylesare sometimes referred to as The Full Range LeadershipModel, which corresponds to the whole scale of leadership.Peab AB is a Swedish construction and civil engineeringcompany and has been the subject of this case study. To beable to achieve the aim of the study and answer thequestions, this required a perspective from both the workmanagement and the professional workers. Therefore,qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted withthree site managers and a quantitative survey with theprofessional workers at Peab in Skellefteå.After the interviews with the work management andanswers to the questionnaires from the professional workers,it was clear that the democratic leadership is what is mainlyapplied and preferred. But it is also clear that the leader mustadapt his leadership to the situation. Sometimes the leaderneeds to go against authoritarian leadership and sometimesagainst a laissez-fair leadership. There are tendencies that thework management and professional workers prefer Laissez-faire leadership in front of authoritarian leadership. Butabove all, democratic leadership is preferred in most cases. / <p>Betyg 2021-06-04</p>

Police leadership has traditionally been dominated by the commander style, yet the more recent generation of police officers reject this style of leadership. Little, however, is known about whether the different leadership styles of the full range of leadership model result in positive outcomes in policing organizations. The purpose of this quantitative meta-analysis study was to examine the relationship between transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and the leadership outcomes in a policing context, such as subordinate satisfaction, perception of leadership effectiveness, and exerting extra effort. Data for this research synthesis derived from primary research studies, which included 9 U.S. and international correlational policing studies that together comprised 1,939 police officers who completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) instrument. The meta-analysis provided effect size estimates on the relationship between transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and perception of leadership effectiveness, extra effort, and subordinate satisfaction. The results of this meta-analysis indicate the transformational style has a stronger positive relationship with perception of leadership effectiveness, extra effort, and subordinate satisfaction, than the other 2 leadership styles. The positive social change implications of this study provide recommendations to police executives to include transformational leadership with contemporary law enforcement practices. The transformational style may result in improvements to police officer motivation, performance, and job satisfaction, thus offering opportunities to improve public safety outcomes.

The financial misconduct and corruption at the very top of the class system that in 2008 caused the collapse of the world economy saw no reaction from the criminal justice system. In contrast, the 2011 English Riots at the bottom rungs of society, estimated to have caused 200 million pounds of damages, produced a ruthless response from the judiciary where sentences were almost treble the usual rate. Politicians were quick to condemn the rioters as mere wanton criminals and framing their actions within a behavioural explanation calling for severe punishments. My thesis’s aim is to show that it was instead decades of neoliberal policies that pushed these people to vent their frustration through rioting. Their ensuing anomic ethic is understood by considering the rioters’ actions through the prism of both Strain Theory and Institutional Anomie Theory. To contextualise their place within today’s capitalist society I categorized them within an emerging social class: The Precariat. Through a qualitative analysis of 17 interviews’ extracts, all that transpired was their desires to be active consumers by grabbing what they could; the riots were merely an excuse to bypass the structurally imposed limits that stood before the desired higher social status. This research speaks of an increasingly unequal society, which positions individual economic success above collective well-being. These disturbances are symptoms of a deep seated malaise and of a stripped-down manifestation of what neoliberalism really is. To reverse it, we ought to implement holistic socioeconomic policies that empower people through the creation of secure and well-paid jobs, encourage collectivism over individualism and that promote better education towards sustainable living and happiness.

Idag anses innovation och kunskap leda till konkurrenskraft. Antalet kunskapsintensiva företag har därför ökat och autonomi lyfts som en byggsten för att utforma framgångsrika organisationer med ett starkt kunskapskapital. Forskning har dock visat att kunskapsintensiva företag kan innehålla byråkratiska strukturer, så kallade mjuka byråkratier. Tidigare forskning har kartlagt byråkratiska strukturer men inte fokuserat på anställdas upplevelser och önskemål kring ledarskapet där mjuk byråkrati råder. Därav utfördes en kvalitativ fallstudie på ett professionellt serviceföretag som är en typ av kunskapsintensivt företag. Syftet var att skapa förståelse för hur anställda upplever byråkratiska strukturer och autonomi samt deras önskemål kring ledarskapet för att uppnå en balans mellan dessa i ett professionellt serviceföretag. Mjuk byråkrati och ledarskapsstilarna laissez-faire, transformerande, karismatisk samt transaktionell bildade det teoretiska ramverket. Metoden utgjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer, interna dokument samt tematisk analys. Sex byråkratiska strukturer identifierades och resultatet visade att de anställda upplevde fyra av dem som positiva medan två upplevdes som negativa. Resultatet visade även att de anställda önskar en transformerande ledare, men med inslag från de andra tre ledarskapsstilarna. Därmed belyste studien vikten av att ledare kombinerar ledarskapsstilar vilket vidare tolkas kunna vara balansen mellan styrning och självstyrning i ett professionellt serviceföretag.

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Muitas instituições de ensino superior (IES) buscam novas formas de aperfeiçoarem o processo ensino-aprendizagem visando adequarem as aulas tradicionais às tecnologias emergentes advindas da Web 2.0, como as mídias sociais. Nesse processo de reinvenção, o docente deve capacitar-se a ministrar aulas não apenas com o intuito de disseminar conhecimentos tácitos e explícitos, mas também de liderar os estudantes na sala de aula presencial e nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, conduzindo-os a superarem suas expectativas quanto ao aprendizado. Analisando perfis de liderança existentes, a presente dissertação, focada em um Estudo de Caso, busca identificar qual o perfil ideal de liderança do docente em ambientes híbridos, utilizando-se para tal do Índice de Satisfação de Grupo, análise de gráficos e do discurso dos estudantes. O método de ensino adotado pelo docente foi o PBL (Problem Based Learning), dando-se ênfase ao desenvolvimento do pensamento critico. A pesquisa realizou-se junto a disciplinas do Departamento de Engenharia de Produção da EESC-USP, onde estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação foram desafiados pelo método PBL a pensarem de forma crítica na construção do próprio conhecimento. Os resultados obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados ao final dos semestres de 2011 e 2012 mostram que a liderança Laissez-faire não é indicada na fase de implantação do PBL, necessitando maior interferência do docente para a quebra do paradigma entre o modelo de ensino tradicional e o novo. Conclui-se que a conexão entre o processo ensino-aprendizagem tradicional e o novo possa ser feita por meio da liderança situacional, alternando a liderança transformacional e a transacional de acordo com o contexto, excluindo-se a Laissez-faire. / Many institutions have developed new ways to improve the teaching-learning process, trying to adequate the classes to the emerging new technologies based on Web 2.0, as in the case of social media. In this re-inventing process teachers must have the leadership skills both in classrooms and virtual learning environments, allowing the students to overcome their expectations of the learning process. This dissertation is focused on a case study that seeks to identify what is the ideal leadership profile into hybrid environments, using a group satisfaction index, graphical analysis and student speeching skills. The teaching methodology used by the teacher was the PBL (Problem-Based Learning) that emphasizes the critical mindset. The research was carried out during the disciplines into the Manufacturing Engineering graduation and post-graduation program of Universidade de São Paulo (USP) EESC department. The students were challenged by the PBL methodology to think about the best way to build their own know how. The data obtained with the application of questionaries in the 2011 and 2012 semesters showed that the \"Laissez-Faire\" leadership is not recommended during the PBL methodology implementation, requiring more interferences and attention from the teacher to break the paradigm of the traditional teaching models. The conclusion is that the connection between the traditional and the new teaching-learning processes can be built using situational leadership, alternating between transformational leadership and transactional models, contextually, excluding the Laissez-faire.

Il presente lavoro mira a collocare il pensiero di Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900) sul diritto alla libertà all'interno del background culturale inglese dell'epoca tardo-vittoriana, dedicando una particolare attenzione ad un confronto con la speculazione, il metodo ed i risultati ottenuti di due eminenti filosofi della medesima generazione, Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) e Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). / The study aims to connect the thought of Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900) about liberty with British intellectual background of the late-Victorian age, paying a special attention to a comparison of it with the philosophy, the methods and goals of two important philosophers of his generation, Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) e Herbert Spencer (1820-1903).

Muitas instituições de ensino superior (IES) buscam novas formas de aperfeiçoarem o processo ensino-aprendizagem visando adequarem as aulas tradicionais às tecnologias emergentes advindas da Web 2.0, como as mídias sociais. Nesse processo de reinvenção, o docente deve capacitar-se a ministrar aulas não apenas com o intuito de disseminar conhecimentos tácitos e explícitos, mas também de liderar os estudantes na sala de aula presencial e nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, conduzindo-os a superarem suas expectativas quanto ao aprendizado. Analisando perfis de liderança existentes, a presente dissertação, focada em um Estudo de Caso, busca identificar qual o perfil ideal de liderança do docente em ambientes híbridos, utilizando-se para tal do Índice de Satisfação de Grupo, análise de gráficos e do discurso dos estudantes. O método de ensino adotado pelo docente foi o PBL (Problem Based Learning), dando-se ênfase ao desenvolvimento do pensamento critico. A pesquisa realizou-se junto a disciplinas do Departamento de Engenharia de Produção da EESC-USP, onde estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação foram desafiados pelo método PBL a pensarem de forma crítica na construção do próprio conhecimento. Os resultados obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados ao final dos semestres de 2011 e 2012 mostram que a liderança Laissez-faire não é indicada na fase de implantação do PBL, necessitando maior interferência do docente para a quebra do paradigma entre o modelo de ensino tradicional e o novo. Conclui-se que a conexão entre o processo ensino-aprendizagem tradicional e o novo possa ser feita por meio da liderança situacional, alternando a liderança transformacional e a transacional de acordo com o contexto, excluindo-se a Laissez-faire. / Many institutions have developed new ways to improve the teaching-learning process, trying to adequate the classes to the emerging new technologies based on Web 2.0, as in the case of social media. In this re-inventing process teachers must have the leadership skills both in classrooms and virtual learning environments, allowing the students to overcome their expectations of the learning process. This dissertation is focused on a case study that seeks to identify what is the ideal leadership profile into hybrid environments, using a group satisfaction index, graphical analysis and student speeching skills. The teaching methodology used by the teacher was the PBL (Problem-Based Learning) that emphasizes the critical mindset. The research was carried out during the disciplines into the Manufacturing Engineering graduation and post-graduation program of Universidade de São Paulo (USP) EESC department. The students were challenged by the PBL methodology to think about the best way to build their own know how. The data obtained with the application of questionaries in the 2011 and 2012 semesters showed that the \"Laissez-Faire\" leadership is not recommended during the PBL methodology implementation, requiring more interferences and attention from the teacher to break the paradigm of the traditional teaching models. The conclusion is that the connection between the traditional and the new teaching-learning processes can be built using situational leadership, alternating between transformational leadership and transactional models, contextually, excluding the Laissez-faire.