Esta pesquisa aborda as aproximações da fotografia com a arte em Porto Alegre na transição para o século XX, tendo como foco a “fotografia artística” de Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864-1937), Lunara, fotógrafo amador da Belle Époque. O ponto principal da análise proposta é o álbum intitulado Vistas de Porto Alegre - Photographias Artísticas, produzido pelos Editores Krahe & Cia, provavelmente na década de 1900, com 20 imagens originais assinadas por Lunara. A participação de Lunara no circuito social da fotografia na cidade, durante as duas primeiras décadas do século, nos mostra as redes que se estabeleceram em relação ao fotoclubismo fotográfico internacional, espaço no qual a “fotografia artística” era produzida e exibida através de uma série de protocolos que visavam nortear e delimitar um campo artístico para a imagem técnica através do movimento pictorialista. Para tanto, as relações com os fotoclubes, com outros artistas e fotógrafos, como Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari e outro fotoamador, o Ziul, são contextualizadas aqui, como forma de entender o conceito de artisticidade, o qual alimentava, de algum modo, as práticas de Lunara. A análise que privilegiamos nesta dissertação refere-se à noção de aura benjaminiana e à visão da fotografia de Lunara como uma forma de captação de outras relações com a cidade, para além da fotografia instantânea de fotógrafos profissionais, como se o artista pretendesse produzir os rastros de uma cidade em vias de modernização. O álbum propõe, portanto, narrativas visuais singulares sobre a cidade, ao refletir a trajetória poética de Lunara tanto na escritura, como na produção de suas imagens, nas quais somos conduzidos por um olhar sensível às transformações do seu tempo. / This is a study on the proximity between photography and the arts during the transition to the 20th century. It is focused on the “artistic photography” of Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864 to 1937), Lunara, he who was a Belle Époque amateur photographer. The most important source of the analysis is the album entitled Vistas de Porto Alegre – Photographias Artísticas, produced by Editores Krahe & Cia, probably in the early 1900s, with 20 original images signed by Lunara. Lunara participated actively in the social photography circuit in the city during the first two decades of the century and this participation shows us the network that was established with the international photo clubs, where “artistic photography” was produced and exhibited according to rules which aimed to organize an artistic field for the technical images from the pictorialist movement. In order to do so, the relations with the photo clubs, and other artists and photographers, such as Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari and another amateur photographer, Ziul, are here contextualized to understand the concept of artisticity, which was somehow what Lunara did. We emphasize the Benjamin’s aura notion and the Lunara’s view of photography in this dissertation as a way of getting other relations with the city, beyond snapshots taken by professional photographers, as if the artist’s intention was to produce the traces of a city that is in the process of modernization. Accordingly, the album suggests novel visual narratives about the city because it reflects Lunara’s poetic trajectory on what is written and on its images, through which we are taken by a sensitive look at the changes of its times.

L'outil « Trame Verte et Bleue », alliant biodiversité et aménagement du territoire, a aujourd’hui pleinement intégré la planification territoriale, sur les territoires national et ultramarin. Néanmoins, dans les DOM, la mise en place de cet outil s'est confrontée à de toutes autres réalités. C'est pourquoi ce projet doctoral a choisi d'étudier l’exemple de La Réunion, précurseur dans la transcription de cette politique d’aménagement. Depuis 2014, La Réunion possède des cartographies des réseaux écologiques régionaux, établies pour accompagner les acteurs locaux. Pour autant, seuls les espaces naturels protégés ont été considérés dans les projets de territoire, laissant ainsi pour compte les espaces de nature ordinaire. Pour comprendre ce manque d'adhésion, un travail de type sociologique a été mené pour cerner les réalités politiques et sociales inhérentes à la TVB. Si pour les professionnels de l'aménagement la planification de secteurs à enjeux pour préserver la biodiversité tombe sous le sens, pour les institutions cet outil est perçu comme un moyen de promouvoir le développement de l'île. Pour les autres usagers, la TVB reste un concept ignoré. Cependant, pour eux, la biodiversité est étroitement liée au paysage quotidien et ils la perçoivent principalement par les services écosystémiques. La traduction cartographique de ces résultats a permis d'identifier d'une part des secteurs d'intérêts écologiques porteurs d'une demande sociale collective, d'autre part des secteurs exclus de cette demande qui peuvent subir des dégradations. Ainsi, pour maintenir un bon fonctionnement des réseaux écologiques, il est aujourd'hui nécessaire d'agir sur les perceptions paysagères. / Today the green and blue belt network is a tool, which combines biodiversity and regional development policy and fully integrates territorial planning in national and overseas territories. Nevertheless, the implementation of this tool is confronted with other realities in the French overseas departments. That is the reason why this doctoral project aims to study the case of Reunion island as a forerunner in the transcribing of this spatial planning.Reunion island possesses mapping of regional ecological networks drawn up to accompany the local actors since 2014. However, only protected natural areas had been taken into account in regional projects while leaving behind ordinary nature areas. In order to understand this lack of acceptance, a sociological work was conducted to identify the political and social realities related to the green and blue belt network. If planning issue area to preserve the biodiversity is obvious for planning professionals, this tool is seen as a way to promote the development of the island for institutions. For the other users, the green and blue belt network keeps being pushed aside. However, to them biodiversity is closely tied to the daily lansdscape and they mainly perceive it through ecosystem services.A mapping plan of these results allowed to identify on the one hand areas of ecological interest holding a common social demand, and on the other hand areas excluded from this demand, which may undergo degradation. Therefore, it is now necessary to work on landscape perceptions so that ecological networks can remain functional.

Esta pesquisa aborda as aproximações da fotografia com a arte em Porto Alegre na transição para o século XX, tendo como foco a “fotografia artística” de Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864-1937), Lunara, fotógrafo amador da Belle Époque. O ponto principal da análise proposta é o álbum intitulado Vistas de Porto Alegre - Photographias Artísticas, produzido pelos Editores Krahe & Cia, provavelmente na década de 1900, com 20 imagens originais assinadas por Lunara. A participação de Lunara no circuito social da fotografia na cidade, durante as duas primeiras décadas do século, nos mostra as redes que se estabeleceram em relação ao fotoclubismo fotográfico internacional, espaço no qual a “fotografia artística” era produzida e exibida através de uma série de protocolos que visavam nortear e delimitar um campo artístico para a imagem técnica através do movimento pictorialista. Para tanto, as relações com os fotoclubes, com outros artistas e fotógrafos, como Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari e outro fotoamador, o Ziul, são contextualizadas aqui, como forma de entender o conceito de artisticidade, o qual alimentava, de algum modo, as práticas de Lunara. A análise que privilegiamos nesta dissertação refere-se à noção de aura benjaminiana e à visão da fotografia de Lunara como uma forma de captação de outras relações com a cidade, para além da fotografia instantânea de fotógrafos profissionais, como se o artista pretendesse produzir os rastros de uma cidade em vias de modernização. O álbum propõe, portanto, narrativas visuais singulares sobre a cidade, ao refletir a trajetória poética de Lunara tanto na escritura, como na produção de suas imagens, nas quais somos conduzidos por um olhar sensível às transformações do seu tempo. / This is a study on the proximity between photography and the arts during the transition to the 20th century. It is focused on the “artistic photography” of Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864 to 1937), Lunara, he who was a Belle Époque amateur photographer. The most important source of the analysis is the album entitled Vistas de Porto Alegre – Photographias Artísticas, produced by Editores Krahe & Cia, probably in the early 1900s, with 20 original images signed by Lunara. Lunara participated actively in the social photography circuit in the city during the first two decades of the century and this participation shows us the network that was established with the international photo clubs, where “artistic photography” was produced and exhibited according to rules which aimed to organize an artistic field for the technical images from the pictorialist movement. In order to do so, the relations with the photo clubs, and other artists and photographers, such as Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari and another amateur photographer, Ziul, are here contextualized to understand the concept of artisticity, which was somehow what Lunara did. We emphasize the Benjamin’s aura notion and the Lunara’s view of photography in this dissertation as a way of getting other relations with the city, beyond snapshots taken by professional photographers, as if the artist’s intention was to produce the traces of a city that is in the process of modernization. Accordingly, the album suggests novel visual narratives about the city because it reflects Lunara’s poetic trajectory on what is written and on its images, through which we are taken by a sensitive look at the changes of its times.

Esta pesquisa aborda as aproximações da fotografia com a arte em Porto Alegre na transição para o século XX, tendo como foco a “fotografia artística” de Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864-1937), Lunara, fotógrafo amador da Belle Époque. O ponto principal da análise proposta é o álbum intitulado Vistas de Porto Alegre - Photographias Artísticas, produzido pelos Editores Krahe & Cia, provavelmente na década de 1900, com 20 imagens originais assinadas por Lunara. A participação de Lunara no circuito social da fotografia na cidade, durante as duas primeiras décadas do século, nos mostra as redes que se estabeleceram em relação ao fotoclubismo fotográfico internacional, espaço no qual a “fotografia artística” era produzida e exibida através de uma série de protocolos que visavam nortear e delimitar um campo artístico para a imagem técnica através do movimento pictorialista. Para tanto, as relações com os fotoclubes, com outros artistas e fotógrafos, como Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari e outro fotoamador, o Ziul, são contextualizadas aqui, como forma de entender o conceito de artisticidade, o qual alimentava, de algum modo, as práticas de Lunara. A análise que privilegiamos nesta dissertação refere-se à noção de aura benjaminiana e à visão da fotografia de Lunara como uma forma de captação de outras relações com a cidade, para além da fotografia instantânea de fotógrafos profissionais, como se o artista pretendesse produzir os rastros de uma cidade em vias de modernização. O álbum propõe, portanto, narrativas visuais singulares sobre a cidade, ao refletir a trajetória poética de Lunara tanto na escritura, como na produção de suas imagens, nas quais somos conduzidos por um olhar sensível às transformações do seu tempo. / This is a study on the proximity between photography and the arts during the transition to the 20th century. It is focused on the “artistic photography” of Luiz do Nascimento Ramos (1864 to 1937), Lunara, he who was a Belle Époque amateur photographer. The most important source of the analysis is the album entitled Vistas de Porto Alegre – Photographias Artísticas, produced by Editores Krahe & Cia, probably in the early 1900s, with 20 original images signed by Lunara. Lunara participated actively in the social photography circuit in the city during the first two decades of the century and this participation shows us the network that was established with the international photo clubs, where “artistic photography” was produced and exhibited according to rules which aimed to organize an artistic field for the technical images from the pictorialist movement. In order to do so, the relations with the photo clubs, and other artists and photographers, such as Pedro Weingärtner, Virgílio Calegari and another amateur photographer, Ziul, are here contextualized to understand the concept of artisticity, which was somehow what Lunara did. We emphasize the Benjamin’s aura notion and the Lunara’s view of photography in this dissertation as a way of getting other relations with the city, beyond snapshots taken by professional photographers, as if the artist’s intention was to produce the traces of a city that is in the process of modernization. Accordingly, the album suggests novel visual narratives about the city because it reflects Lunara’s poetic trajectory on what is written and on its images, through which we are taken by a sensitive look at the changes of its times.

Depuis la fin des années 1960, la scénographie suscite un intérêt croissant, surtout au théâtre mais aussi dans les autres arts, dans l'exposition, au cinéma, ou encore dans les meetings politiques, etc. En France, le nombre de thèses touchant au sujet a augmenté considérablement depuis 1985, pour atteindre le chiffre de 182 début 2017. Or, sa définition reste pour le moins floue et suscite des débats et des positionnements forts, voire radicaux, surtout quant à sa dépendance au théâtre et à sa qualité d'espace. Il s’avère alors d'un grand intérêt de proposer une approche théorique et scientifique pertinente de la scénographie contemporaine, afin de lui donner une définition claire qui pourrait servir de matériau commun aux théoriciens comme aux praticiens ou encore aux étudiants.La démarche de cette recherche relie l'élaboration d'une théorie systémique de la scénographie, dans un premier temps, avec son itinéraire historique depuis la Grèce antique enrichie de nouvelles traductions des textes de référence, dans un second temps. Elle intègre aussi, comme cas d'expérimentation de la théorie dans un troisième temps, l'analyse d'un corpus particulier qui retrace le mouvement de «déreprésentation» du Courant 0 au XXe siècle. Elle termine enfin son parcours, dans un quatrième temps, avec l'approfondissement des véritables enjeux humains de la théorie à travers le prisme de l'émotion. Un quatrième temps d'expérimentation « en laboratoire », analyse une production pratique. L'approfondissement du rapport humain ménagé par la machine dans l'investissement émotionnel de l'être humain récepteur, rend compte d'une place fondamentale laissée à autrui. Elle termine enfin son parcours, par l'observation de capacités particulières de la machine (attribution d'intégrité et médiation) à travers l'étude d'applications spécifiques (marionnette et exposition). Avec la récurrence de la notion de représentation, c'est la machine à représenter qui se découvre. Elle déborde de loin l'idée d'espace pour se définir comme création et maniement de représentations, d'images et d'imaginaires. Ce qu'on pourrait aussi appeler conception de mise en situation d'image, repose sur une gradation du rapport entre image, usage, support et expérience. Elle crée et structure une idée de rapport. Elle se pose ainsi comme média en conditionnant la relation de l'humain au monde de part son rapport et sa représentation à travers l'émotion. / Since the late sixties, scenography became a trend in France, the majority being for the theater but also featured in art, exhibition, movies, or political summits, etc. In France, the number of Ph. D. theses touching this subject rose exponentially since 1985, and boasting a total of 182 pieces in early 2017. Nevertheless, its definition remains blurred, leading to debates and strong statements, particularly about the inherent dependency to the theatrical domain and its spatial essence. Thus, the goal of this research is to provide an accurate theoretical and scientific approach to contemporary scenography, outlining a clear definition that can serve as common material for professionals, theorists and students.Firstly, this research elaborates upon the concept of a systemic theory of scenography, baring the historical path that scenography went threw since the time of ancient Greece. Secondly it introduces new translations of referential texts. The third point is about a special corpus analysis which traces the movement of the unmaking representation by the Stream 0 (Courant 0) during the XXe century as an experimental case for testing the theory’s validity. The fourth point opens a practical laboratory. The human paradigm is deepened through an emotional investment as the theory’s real life challenge. Lastly, this research studies three special habilities of the machine related to the emotional investment (integrity attribution and mediation) trhough three specific applications (puppetry and exhibition).The prevalence of the notion of representation is what ultimately reveals the representation making machine. It goes far beyond the idea of space to define itself as creation, as well as the manipulation of representations, images and imagination. What could be known as image situation design is based on a gradation of the relationship between image, use, support and experience. The machine orchestrates and structures the idea of a relation ratio. It positions itself then as a tangible medium by conditioning the link between humanity to the world - by its relation and its representation - through emotion.

En ratifiant la Convention européenne du paysage, la Région wallonne sest engagée à répondre au nouvel enjeu de gestion publique quest le paysage. Il lui revient donc de formuler une politique paysagère qui définirait, au minimum, les lignes stratégiques de son action et les moyens de sa mise en uvre. Cest à lélaboration dune telle politique régionale que la thèse sest fixé comme objectif dapporter sa contribution. Le fil méthodologique de la recherche est de rassembler les acquis et instruments existants de la Région wallonne en matière de paysage, dévaluer la contribution de chacun en réponse au nouvel enjeu de la gestion du paysage, puis dinférer une proposition stratégique et doptimiser le cadre instrumental pour une politique future. La recherche aboutit ainsi à formuler les principes généraux dune politique paysagère pour la Wallonie et les objectifs et options répondant aux enjeux paysagers régionaux, ainsi quà proposer leur inscription dans un document régional stratégique destiné à guider les divers acteurs du paysage. Lajustement du cadre instrumental propose une mise en cohérence des différents instruments (daménagement du territoire, de gestion de lenvironnement) que la Région pourrait mieux valoriser ou développer afin de concrétiser sa politique paysagère. Cette double proposition stratégique et instrumentale sinscrit dans une perspective de cohérence horizontale (intersectorielle) et verticale (entre niveaux territoriaux de décision ou dinitiative)./ By ratifying the European landscape convention, the Walloon Region has committed itself to meet the new issue in landscape public management. The Region must thus formulate a landscape policy that would determine at least guidelines and means of action. This thesis aims at contributing to the development of a regional landscape policy for Wallonia. The methodology of this research is to assemble Walloon achievements and existing instruments of landscape planning, to evaluate their contribution to the new issue in landscape management, and then to infer a strategic proposal and to improve the instrumental framework for future policy. This research leads to the formulation of the general principles of a landscape policy for Wallonia as well as objectives and options that meet regional landscape issues, and to propose their inclusion in a strategic regional document to guide landscape actors. Optimization of instrumental framework aims to restructure the different instruments (of territorial planning, environmental management...) that the Walloon Region could use better or develop to carry out its landscape policy. This double proposal strategic and instrumental respects the prospect of horizontal (intersectorial) and vertical (among territorial levels of decision or initiative) coherence.

My diploma work deals with problems and evaluation of landscape character in chosen places in Novohradské Mountains. At first there was created a basic characteristic of the evaluated places on the basis of data from historical, geographical and statistical sources. These places were chosen according to their archive accessability, especially with the aid of contemporary photos. Consequently a proper field research was realized which was concentrated on the analysis beforehand determined criteria of the evaluation. Together with this searching there was executed also evaluation of aesthetical incidence. As well this evaluation was realized according to beforehand determined criteria. The main aim of my paper is to catch given places from the view of the extant archive materials and to explore the changes in landscape from the consequent comparison of original and newly created pictures from these places.

Aksum est la capitale de l'ancien royaume aksumite et l'un des sites archéologiques les plus importants d'Éthiopie. Il a été inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial en 1980. / Aksum is the capital of ancient Aksumite Kingdom and one of the most important archaeological site in Ethiopia. It has been registered on World Heritage List in 1980. Its archaeological and cultural heritage continues to be a victim of urbanization, development, erosion and deposition. Despite increased awareness and issues within the field of archaeology, the destruction of archaeological and cultural heritage sites of Aksum has been staggering. Although considered as an outstanding universal heritage site, very little focused cultural heritage management has been undertaken in Aksum. All archaeological excavations conducted thus far in Aksum focused on unearthing elite tombs and palaces. Both acts of destruction are relevant to current research on the cultural heritage management aspect in Aksum in general. This research provides an analysis of the destruction of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments in Aksum based on ancient documents, archaeological excavations and field observation. It examines the extent the sites have been excavated, documented and preserved. Three sites have been selected for case study for the present research. The research revealed that the archaeological and heritage sites in Aksum have been deeply affected by urbanization in general. Evidently, the absence of integrated development planning by the municipality, lack of professionals in the field of archaeology and lack of public education have contributed significantly to the loss of the archaeological record. This thesis attempts to evaluate the current state of documentation and preservation of the cultural heritage resource in Aksum.

Cette thèse étudie l'emploi d'environ 640 occurrences relatives au champ sémantique des paysages et des saisons (reliefs, rivages, cours d'eau, végétation, pierres, écueils, neiges et "nebula") dans les "Rerum Vulgarium Fragmenta". C'est l'environnement textuel dans lequel chacune d'elles s'insère qui la distingue des autres et infléchit son signifié ; et en même temps chacune se complète de façon dynamique, interagissant avec toutes celles qui se trouvent sur le même axe paradigmatique. Le premier chapitre étudie leur morphologie de façon contextuelle et intertextuelle, afin de cerner l'isotopie du chronotope dans le "canzoniere" ; on verra par la diversification et l’enrichissement de leurs emplois métaphoriques que les paysages et les saisons s'imposent comme enjeux diégétiques. La composition du "liber" s’inscrivant dans une temporalité complexe qui, pour chacun de ses "fragmenta", brouille la chronologie relative à sa composition, c’est par la prise en compte, dans le deuxième chapitre, de cette double dimension diachronique, qu’il a été possible de mieux appréhender l'évolution continue qui est à l’œuvre dans et par les métaphores. Elles permettent de partir d'une donnée connue (y compris en tant que topos littéraire) pour explorer une réalité (intérieure) autrement insaisissable, le “réel” du poète-amant. Le dernier chapitre nous permettra d'analyser les processus de métaphorisation mis en œuvre par Pétrarque lorsque les reprises du chronotope acquièrent une portée éthique et métapoétique. / My thesis scrutinizes the use of almost 640 occurrences related to the semantic fields of landscapes and seasons (landforms, shores, rivers, vegetation, rocks, reefs, clouds and "nebula") in the "Rerum Vulgarium Fragmenta". It is the textual environment in which each of them fits that distinguishes it from others and bends its signified; and yet they complement one another dynamically, interacting with all those who are on the same paradigmatic axis. The first chapter examines their morphology in a contextual and intertextual way, to identify the chronotope's isotopy in the "canzoniere" ; we will see by the diversification and the enrichment of their metaphorical uses that landscapes and seasons emerge as diegetic issues. The composition of the "liber" partakes of a complex temporality that blurs the chronology of its composition for each of its "fragmenta" ; it is by taking into account, in the second chapter, this double diachronic dimension, that it was possible to better understand the continuing evolution which is at work in and through metaphors. They allow from a known data (including as a literary topos) to explore a reality (indoor) otherwise elusive, the poet-lover's "real". The last chapter will allow us to analyze the metaphorization process implemented by Petrarch when the chronotope's recurrences acquire an ethical and metapoetic scope.

A pesquisa abordou o processo de uso e ocupação das terras nos municípios de Bodoquena, Bonito e Jardim, situados na borda leste do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB), região sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Além disso, foi estudado o estado de conservação, em termos de estrutura e configuração da paisagem, dos remanescentes de cerrado e floresta contidos no interior do PNSB e em sua zona de amortecimento. O objetivo foi o de analisar a dinâmica de ocupaçao das terras nos municípios mencionados nos últimos 18 anos, com vistas à subsidiar estratégias de planejamento do uso e ocupação das terras ideal para a região. Objetivou-se também analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da paisagem que compõe o PNSB e sua zona de amortecimento, visando à conservação da biodiversidade local. Para isso, foi utilizado um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG) para elaboração de mapas temáticos e de um banco de dados georreferenciado. A determinação do grau de conservação do PNSB e da sua zona de amortecimento se deu mediante a utilização de métricas de paisagem, e da adoção dos preceitos da Teoria dos Grafos. O capítulo 1 demonstrou, por meio dos mapas gerados para os municípios de Bodoquena, Jardim e Bonito, dos anos de 1986 e 2004, que ocorreu uma perda de área nativa e um conseqüente crescimento da matriz antrópica composta por pastagens (principalmente) e culturas agrícolas. Apenas em Bodoquena os remanescentes vegetais tiveram maior porcentual que as áreas de pastagens e lavouras. Pode-se observar que a região estudada, passa por um processo de conversão de habitats naturais, outrora contínuos, para uma paisagem composta por fragmentos de cerrados, campos e florestas. O capítulo 2 mostrou que as fisionomias florestais e de cerrado, apresentaram-se em melhor estado de conservação em 1986 que em 2004. Além disso, foi possível observar que os remanescentes das formações vegetais acima citadas, apresentaram-se em melhor estado de conservação no interior do PNSB, que em sua zona de amortecimento. O mapa de relevância dos remanescentes de floresta, considerando as notas combinadas das métricas de forma e área das manchas indicou, quais são as áreas prioritárias para serem protegidas, por possuírem características adequadas para a persistência da biodiversidade florestal presente no PNSB e em sua zona de amortecimento. O setor norte se destacou por apresentar remanescentes com valores alto e extremamente alto com relação à relevância. O mesmo setor norte possui um maior número de pontos de sensibilidade à quebra de conectividade entre as manchas de floresta. Nesta região pode-se observar que a maior parte dos pontos com alta sensibilidade, merece alguma estratégia que retarde ou mesmo cesse o processo de conversão da floresta para pastagem ou agricultura. Com relação ao padrão de fragmentação dos remanescentes vegetais, conclui-se o seguinte: os remanescentes de cerrado e floresta, no intervalo de dezoito anos, ficaram menores, mais irregulares, mais distantes e mais numerosos, indicando uma piora no estado de conservação da paisagem entre 1986 e 2004. Isso compromete a manutenção da biodiversidade, a persistência de espécies, diminuindo suas populações mínimas viáveis. A diversificação das formas de uso das terras na matriz é recomendada, com a introdução da silvicultura (principalmente composta por espécies nativas), por exemplo, também poderá auxiliar na manutenção/surgimento da heterogeneidade espacial e da complexidade estrutural da paisagem. A Teoria dos Grafos, avaliada neste trabalho, apresentou-se como ferramenta eficiente para se calcular a conectividade em paisagens heterogêneas. / The research approached the process of use and occupation of lands in the cities of Bonito, Bodoquena and Jardim, situated in the edge east of the National Park of the Serra da Bodoquena (NPSB), southwestern region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Moreover, the conservation state was studied, in terms of structure and configuration of the landscape, of the contained remainders of cerrado and forest in the interior of the NPSB and its buffer zone. The objective was to analyze the dynamics of occupation of lands in the cities mentioned in last the 18 years, with sights to subsidizing strategies of planning of the use and ideal occupation for the region. Also, it was objectified to analyze the space-temporal dynamics of the landscape that composes the PNSB and its buffer zone, aiming at to the conservation of local biodiversity. For this, geographic information system (GIS) for the classification of images of satellite and elaboration of thematic maps was used. The determination of the NPSB conservation degree and its buffer zone occurred by means of the use and of metrics of landscape ecology and the adoption of Graph Theory. Chapter 1 demonstrated, by the maps generated for the cities of Bonito, Bodoquena and Jardim, of the years of 1986 and 2004, that it occurred a loss of native area and a consequent growth of the composed matrix for pastures (mainly) and agriculture. Only in Bodoquena the vegetal remainders had percentual had been bigger than the areas of pastures and agriculture. It can be observed that the studied region passes for a process of conversion of natural habitats, long ago continuous, for a composed landscape for patches of cerrado and forests in a matrix predominantly represented by planted pasture and agriculture. Chapter 2 showed that the forest and cerrado physiognomy, had been presented in better conservation in 1986 that in 2004. Moreover, it was possible to observe that the remainders of the vegetal formations above cited, had been presented in better conservation in the interior of the NPSB, that in its buffer zone. The map of relevance of the remainders of forest, considering the agreed area and shape notes metric of the spots, had indicated which the priority areas to be protecting, for possessing characteristics adjusted for the persistence of present forest biodiversity in the NPSB and its buffer zone. The north sector had detached for presenting remainders with high and extremely high values to the relevance. The same north sector posses a bigger number of points of sensitivity to the break of connectivity between the forest spots. In this region it can be observed that most of the points with high sensitivity deserves some strategy that delays or stop the conversion process of the forest for pasture or agriculture. Regard the standard of spelling of the vegetal remainders, had been concluded that: the remainders of cerrado and forest, in the interval of eighteen years, had been lesser, more irregular, more distant and more numerous, indicating a worsening in the state of conservation of the landscape between 1986 and 2004. This compromises the maintenance of biodiversity, the species persistence, diminishing its viable minimum populations. The diversification of the forms of use of lands in the matrix is recommended, with the introduction of forestry (mainly composed for native species), for example, also it will be able to assist in the maintenance/sprouting of the space heterogeneity and the structural complexity of the landscape. The Graph Theory, evaluated in this work, was presented as efficient tool to calculate the connectivity in heterogeneous landscapes.