Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur industriell symbios kan skapa en hållbar utveckling i fiskeindustrin. Studien utgick ifrån en industriell symbios i Sotenäs kommun vilket innefattar aktörer inom livsmedelsindustrin, biogasanläggning, landbaserad laxodling, ekologiskt jordbruk och algodling. De hade en vision för symbiosen att skapa en cirkulär ekonomi i fiskeindustrin vilket var utgångspunkten i studien. Det undersöktes även vilka hållbarhetsvinster landbaserad fiskodling skapar i förhållande till traditionell fiskeindustri med landbaserad laxodling som utgångspunkt samt hur aktörerna i symbiosen ser på hållbarhet. I studien användes en kvalitativ intervjumetod där datainsamlingen analyserades med kodning. Resultatet visade att industriell symbios bidrar till hållbar utveckling i fiskeindustrin då det skapar cirkulär ekonomi, lägre miljöbelastning och stärker det lokala samhället. Industriell symbios möjliggör för ett ökat värdeskapande för verksamheterna på ett sätt de inte hade uppnått individuellt. Aktörerna såg på hållbarhet ur ekonomiskt, ekologiskt och socialt perspektiv och arbetade för att utveckla sina verksamheter till att vara hållbar för framtiden. hållbarhetsvinsterna med landbaserad laxodling var att det finns ekonomisk vinning, bra komplement i industriell symbios, friskare fiskar, lägre miljöbelastning och tryggare arbetsförhållanden. Studien visade att industriell symbios gör att fiskeindustrin kan bli hållbar för framtiden. / The aim of this study was to investigate how industrial symbiosis can create a sustainable development in the fishing industry. The case study was an industrial symbiosis in Sotenas, Sweden consisting of marine food industries, organic farm, algae production, land-based salmon farm and biogas plant. They had a vision to create a circular economy in the fishing industry with industrial symbiosis. The study also investigated in the sustainability gains in land-based fish farms in comparison to traditional fishing industry and the actors view on sustainable development. The study used a qualitative method with semi structured interviews which was analysed with coding.  The results showed that industrial symbiosis contributes to a sustainable development in the fishing industry because it creates a circular economy, lower enviromental impact and strenghten the local community. Industrial symbiosis creates possibilities to create higher values in a way the actors would not have been able to do individually. The actors worked with sustainability from an economic, ecological and social perspective and viewed all these as equally important to create a sustainable development. The sustainability gains in land-based salmon farm were economic benefits, good complement in industrial symbiosis, healthier fish, lower enviromental impact and safer work enviroments.

The emperical pseudopotential method in the large basis approach was used to calculate the electronic bandstructures of bulk semiconductor materials and layered semiconductor heterostructures. The crucial continuous atomic form factor potentials needed to carry out such calculations were determined by using Levenberg-Marquardt optimization in order to obtain optimal cubic spline interpolations of the potentials. The optimized potentials were not constrained by any particular functional form (such as a linear combination of Gaussians) and had better convergence properties for the optimization. It was demonstrated that the results obtained in this work could potentially lead to better agreement between calculated and empirically determined band gaps via optimization / Physics / M. Sc. (Physics)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report aims to show how futures studies or foresight techniques, especially causal layered analysis (CLA), can enrich the attempts of organisations to innovate. The study discusses the importance of innovation for organisations and shows that innovation is deeply rooted in the knowledge economy. The nature of innovation is explored as well as the different types and degrees of innovation. An integrated innovation model is proposed which is used to establish some of the key challenges which arise from the innovation process. The challenges are expanded to take into consideration those challenges which arise from the approach organisations take to innovation as well as some of the innovation challenges which arise from the underlying organisational culture. The nature of futures studies is discussed from the perspective of an approach and field of study for creating knowledge and facilitating understanding. This ability of futures studies is explored further to show how it can address some of the challenges which arise from innovation. The study further explores the ability of causal layered analysis, a foresight technique; not only to address some of the innovation challenges but to enrich the innovation process by providing depth and breadth in the analysis of the problem through creating an understanding of the deeply rooted drivers and viewing the problem from different perspectives, effectively expanding the solution set and creating a platform for identifying latent needs and opportunities. Causal layered analysis is applied to three of the top thirty innovations of the last three decades, testing the hypothesis that successful innovation transcends and addresses needs at the deeper layers. It is shown that innovations which are able to address needs in the deeper levels get embedded in our daily lives and as a result become more enduring. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsings projek beoog om te wys dat toekomsstudies en die tegnieke in die studie veld, spesifiek “causal layered analysis”, waarde kan toevoeg tot die innoverings probeerslae van organisasies. Die studie bespreek die belangrikheid van innovering vir organisasies en wys dat innovasie diep gewortel is in die kennis ekonomie. Die aard van innovering word ondersoek sowel as die verskillende tipes en grade daarvan. ‘n Ge-integreerde innoverings model word voorgestel en word gebruik om van die belangrike uitdagings in die innovasie proses te identifiseer. Daar word uitgebrei op hierdie uitdagings deur in ag te neem die benadering wat organisasies neem tot innovering asook die uitdagings wat voortspruit uit die onderliggende kultuur in die organisasie. Die aard van toekomstudies word bespreek uit die oogpunt van die benadering van die studie veld om kennis te skep en begrip te bewerkstellig. Die vermoë van toekomstudies om die uitdagings wat deur innovasie onstaan word verder ondersoek. Die studie ondersoek ook die vermoë van “causal layered analysis”, as ‘n toekoms tegniek, nie net om die innoverings uitdagings te adresseer nie, maar ook deur die verryking van die innoverings proses waardeur begrip geskep word. Begrip volg deur die diepte en wydheid van die analise van die probleem, asook deur die probleem vanuit verskeie oogpunte te benader. Hierdeur word daar meer moontlike oplossings blootgelê en word daar geleentheid geskep om nuwe geleenthede te identifiseer. “Causal layered analysis” word ook toegepas op drie van die top dertig innovasies van die laaste drie dekades om die hipotese te toets dat suksesvolle innovasies, behoeftes in al die lae aanspreek, spesifiek in die diepliggende areas. Die studie wys dat innovasies wat behoeftes in die diepliggende areas aanspreek deel word van ons alledaagse lewe en sodoende meer langdurig word.

The performance modelling of large-scale systems using discrete-state approaches is fundamentally hampered by the well-known problem of state-space explosion, which causes exponential growth of the reachable state space as a function of the number of the components which constitute the model. Because they are mapped onto continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs), models described in the stochastic process algebra PEPA are no exception. This thesis presents a deterministic continuous-state semantics of PEPA which employs ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as the underlying mathematics for the performance evaluation. This is suitable for models consisting of large numbers of replicated components, as the ODE problem size is insensitive to the actual population levels of the system under study. Furthermore, the ODE is given an interpretation as the fluid limit of a properly defined CTMC model when the initial population levels go to infinity. This framework allows the use of existing results which give error bounds to assess the quality of the differential approximation. The computation of performance indices such as throughput, utilisation, and average response time are interpreted deterministically as functions of the ODE solution and are related to corresponding reward structures in the Markovian setting. The differential interpretation of PEPA provides a framework that is conceptually analogous to established approximation methods in queueing networks based on meanvalue analysis, as both approaches aim at reducing the computational cost of the analysis by providing estimates for the expected values of the performance metrics of interest. The relationship between these two techniques is examined in more detail in a comparison between PEPA and the Layered Queueing Network (LQN) model. General patterns of translation of LQN elements into corresponding PEPA components are applied to a substantial case study of a distributed computer system. This model is analysed using stochastic simulation to gauge the soundness of the translation. Furthermore, it is subjected to a series of numerical tests to compare execution runtimes and accuracy of the PEPA differential analysis against the LQN mean-value approximation method. Finally, this thesis discusses the major elements concerning the development of a software toolkit, the PEPA Eclipse Plug-in, which offers a comprehensive modelling environment for PEPA, including modules for static analysis, explicit state-space exploration, numerical solution of the steady-state equilibrium of the Markov chain, stochastic simulation, the differential analysis approach herein presented, and a graphical framework for model editing and visualisation of performance evaluation results.

Le sujet de cette thèse consiste à formuler et caractériser de nouveaux matériaux hybrides inorganique/organique pour la formulation et la libération de principes actifs. Ces matériaux sont constitués soit par des hydroxydes doubles lamellaires (HDL) et des phospholipides (PL) soit par des hydroxydes doubles lamellaires et du chitosane. Les matériaux hybrides hydroxydes doubles lamellaires/phospholipides ont été obtenus par échange anionique entre les anions du feuillet d'HDL et les phospholipides chargés négativement sous forme de liposomes. Les techniques d'analyse utilisées (DRX, ATG, UV et MET) ont permis de déterminer l'influence de la nature des anions de compensation des feuillets d'HDL et des phospholipides sur le taux de intercalation de PL dans les HDL et le taux de chargement d'un principe actif modèle : l'estradiol. Nous avons effectué ensuite des cinétiques de libération des phospholipides et de l'estradiol intercalés en faisant varier le pH et la composition du milieu pour déterminer les propriétés de ce matériau en tant que système de libération sous forme d'implant afin de libérer le principe actif sur des temps très longs. Les matériaux hybrides hydroxydes doubles lamellaires/chitosane ont ensuite été synthétisés sous forme de billes par un procède sol-gel nous permettant d'optimiser la morphologie et la texture des matériaux par le contrôle de la viscosité et le choix du mode de séchage (étuve ou spray-drying). Le chitosane a été choisi pour ses propriétés muco-adhésives afin d'envisager une application du matériau sur les muqueuses. Les techniques d'analyse utilisées ont permis de confirmer la présence de HDL dans le chitosane (DRX), de déterminer la morphologie des billes (MET, MEB) ainsi que leur composition (ATG). Des cinétiques de libération au cours de temps et en fonction de pH ont été réalisées sur de billes chitosane/ hydroxydes doubles lamellaires chargées en principe actif (ibuprofène ou phospholipides charge en estradiol) afin de déterminer leur potentiel de libération du PA. Ces nouveaux hybrides inorganique/organique s'avèrent donc être des matériaux très intéressants en tant que systèmes de libération contrôlée de principes actifs dans le domaine pharmaceutique. / The aim of this work involves the preparation and the characterization of new inorganic/ organic hybrids materials as drug delivery systems. These materials are composed of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and phospholipids (PL) or layered double hydroxide and chitosan. The layered double hydroxide/phospholipids hybrids materials were obtained by anionic exchange between the anions from the HDL layers and the liposome composed of phospholipids with negative charges. Different analysis were used such as XRD, TGA, TEM and fluorescence for the characterization of these materials and the determination of parameters such as the nature of the LDH anions nature, the kind of phospholipids as well the ratio of used model drug (17ƒÒ-estradiol) allowing the optimal method. Release kinetic studies of the phospholipids and of the drug were carried out in different release media (pH, nature of ions) to evaluate the potential sustained release properties of these hybrid materials. Layered double hydroxide/chitosan beads were developed by a sol-gel process. Chitosan was chosen for its muco-adhesive properties permitting to broaden the possibility of pharmaceutical applications. This method allowed us to improve the morphology and the texture of the material by controlling the viscosity and the drying process. Materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM to determine: the presence of LDH, the encapsulated LDH yield and the morphology of the beads. Releases kinetic of a model drug (ibuprofen) encapsulated in layered double hydroxide/chitosan hybrid materials allowed us to test its potential release properties. Such new inorganic/ organic hybrids materials proved to be interesting as sustained release systems in pharmaceutical domain.

Developing new materials with desired properties is a vital component of emerging technologies. Functional hybrid compounds make an important class of advanced materials that let us synergistically utilize the key features of the organic and inorganic counterparts in a single composite, providing a very strong tool to develop new materials with ”engineered” properties. The research presented here, summarizes efforts in the development of facile and efficient methods for the fabrication of three- and two-dimensional inorganic-organic hybrids based on layered oxide perovskites. Microwave radiation was exploited to rapidly fabricate and modify new and known materials. Despite the extensive utilization of microwaves in organic syntheses as well as the fabrication of the inorganic solids, the work herein was among the first reported that used microwaves in topochemical modification of the layered oxide perovskites. Our group specifically was the first to perform rapid microwave-assisted reactions in all of the modification steps including proton exchange, grafting, intercalation, and exfoliation, which decreased the duration of multi-step modification procedures from weeks to only a few hours. Microwave-assisted grafting and intercalation reactions with n-alkyl alcohols and n-alkylamines, respectively, were successfully applied on double-layered Dion-Jacobson and Ruddlesden-Popper phases (HLaNb2O7, HPrNb2O7, and H2CaTa2O7), and with somewhat more limited reactivity, applied to triple-layered perovskites (HCa2Nb3O10 and H2La2Ti3O10). Performing neutron diffraction on n-propoxy-LaNb2O7, structure refinement of a layered hybrid oxide perovskite was then tried for the first time. Furthermore, two-dimensional hybrid oxides were efficiently prepared from HLnNb2O7 (Ln = La, Pr), HCa2Nb3O10, HCa2Nb2FeO9, and HLaCaNb2MnO10, employing facile microwave-assisted exfoliation and post-exfoliation surface-modification reactions for the first time. A variety of surface groups, saturated or unsaturated linear and cyclic organics, were successfully anchored onto these oxide nanosheets. Properties of various functionalized metal-oxide nanosheets, as well as the polymerization of some monomer-grafted nanosheets, were then investigated for the two-dimensional hybrid systems.

Three Dimensional Video (3DV) has become increasingly popular with the success of 3D cinema. Moreover, emerging display technology offers an immersive experience to the viewer without the necessity of any visual aids such as 3D glasses. 3DV applications, Three Dimensional Television (3DTV) and Free Viewpoint Television (FTV) are auspicious technologies for living room environments by providing immersive experience and look around facilities. In order to provide such an experience, these technologies require a number of camera views captured from different viewpoints. However, the capture and transmission of the required number of views is not a feasible solution, and thus view rendering is employed as an efficient solution to produce the necessary number of views. Depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) is a commonly used rendering method. Although DIBR is a simple approach that can produce the desired number of views, inherent artifacts are major issues in the view rendering. Despite much effort to tackle the rendering artifacts over the years, rendered views still contain visible artifacts. This dissertation addresses three problems in order to improve 3DV quality: 1) How to improve the rendered view quality using a direct approach without dealing each artifact specifically. 2) How to handle disocclusions (a.k.a. holes) in the rendered views in a visually plausible manner using inpainting. 3) How to reduce spatial inconsistencies in the rendered view. The first problem is tackled by an edge-aided rendering method that uses a direct approach with one-dimensional interpolation, which is applicable when the virtual camera distance is small. The second problem is addressed by using a depth-based inpainting method in the virtual view, which reconstructs the missing texture with background data at the disocclusions. The third problem is undertaken by a rendering method that firstly inpaint occlusions as a layered depth image (LDI) in the original view, and then renders a spatially consistent virtual view. Objective assessments of proposed methods show improvements over the state-of-the-art rendering methods. Visual inspection shows slight improvements for intermediate views rendered from multiview videos-plus-depth, and the proposed methods outperforms other view rendering methods in the case of rendering from single view video-plus-depth. Results confirm that the proposed methods are capable of reducing rendering artifacts and producing spatially consistent virtual views. In conclusion, the view rendering methods proposed in this dissertation can support the production of high quality virtual views based on a limited number of input views. When used to create a multi-scopic presentation, the outcome of this dissertation can benefit 3DV technologies to improve the immersive experience.

Afin de mieux comprendre les évolutions structurales mises en évidence dans les oxydes lamellaires de formule générale Li1+x(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)O2 utilisés comme électrode positive pour batterie lithium-ion, la structure du composé Li2MnO3 a été étudiée en détail. Obtenu selon différentes voies de synthèses, réalisées à différentes températures, ce matériau qui peut être considéré comme un matériau model à fait l’objet d’une étude cristallographique où l’utilisation de la microscopie électronique a été privilégiée. Deux types de défauts ont été identifiés. D’une part, l’existence de fautes d’empilement au sein du matériau a été démontrée. Leurs conséquences sur les clichés de diffraction électronique et les diagrammes de diffraction des rayons-X ont étés expliquées permettant d’unifier les controverses présentent à ce sujet dans la littérature. D’autre part, l’étude de la stabilité thermique du composé Li2MnO3 a mis en évidence l’apparition de défauts de type « phase spinelle » en surface des grains lorsque la température de traitement thermique devient supérieure ou égale à 900°C. Le traitement du matériau par la voie acide a pu être étudié et le mécanisme de désintercalation chimique du lithium par la voie acide a finalement pu être précisé. Il est montré que ce mécanisme est le même quelle que soit la taille des particules. / In order to get a better understanding of the complex structural evolutions occurring in the layered oxides like Li1+x(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)O2 materials when they are used as positive electrodes in lithium batteries, the structure of Li2MnO3 has been studied in detail. Obtained from several synthesis ways, annealed at various temperatures, this compound that can be considered as a model one regarding these complex materials has been the object of a crystallographic study where the use of electron microscopy was privileged. Two kinds of defects could be identified. From one part, the existence of stacking faults in the Li2MnO3 material has been proved and they have been visualized for the first time. Their consequences on X ray and electron diffraction patterns are explained allowing the unification of discrepancies existing in the bibliography. For other part, the study of the thermal stability of Li2MnO3 evidenced the appearance of spinel type defects when the annealing treatment is performed above 900°C. Finally the delithiation by acid leaching is studied and the lithium extraction mechanism is clarified. It is shown that this mechanism is the same whatever the particle size is.

Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. La première traite la synthèse de la polyaniline (PANI), un polymère conducteur de trou, utilisé dans plusieurs applications. En variant les quantités du monomère et de l’oxydant tout en fixant leur rapport molaire à 1:1,25, et en ajoutant de l’oxyde de magnésium, des aiguilles et des nouvelles structures semblables aux échinides sont formées. Le mécanisme de formation des structures unidimensionnelles est expliqué à l’aide de la théorie des multicouches. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la fabrication des monocouches photovoltaïques à faible coût en se basant sur le principe de fonctionnement des cellules à pigment photosensible (en anglais DSSC, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell). En 1991, Grätzel a réintroduit l’effet photo-électrochimique en développant la première DSSC, une des cellules solaire troisième génération, formée d’un film de TiO2 (photo-anode) pigmenté à l’aide d’un colorant et d’un électrolyte qui sert à régénérer le pigment oxydé. Malgré leur faible coût, les DSSCs font face à de nombreux problèmes tels que le coût élevé du pigment, la fuite de l’électrolyte, la sublimation du couple I-/I3- à travers I2, etc. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes, des monocouches photovoltaïques ont été développées. Des composites formés de PANI et TiO2 sont la base de ces dispositifs nouvelle génération. La polymérisation in-situ de l’aniline en présence des nanoparticules de TiO2 conduit à une forte interaction entre la PANI et les particules de TiO2 où une structure « core (TiO2)/shell (PANI) » existe dans le composite. Dans le dispositif photovoltaïque basé sur le composite PANI-TiO2, PANI est considérée comme pigment à la photo-anode et comme poly-électrolyte plus profondément dans le composite. En plus, des textiles fabriqués utilisant ces composites photo-génèrent une tension de 0,6 V et un courant de 1 A/m2 lorsque l’éthanol est injecté dans le dispositif. Une nouvelle architecture a été développée qui sert à améliorer la performance de la cellule et en même temps stocker l’énergie pour des utilisations ultérieures. La dernière partie est consacrée à la fabrication des DSSCs basées sur les pigments naturels. L’anthocyane, un pigment naturel halochromique responsable de la couleur rouge dans les plantes, a été extrait du chou rouge et utilisé pour pigmenter les films de TiO2. Cette propriété se traduit par la fabrication des DSSCs de différentes couleurs et comportement photovoltaïque. Avec un pH égal à 0, une Vco et une Jcc de 520 mV et 185 μA/cm2 sont respectivement obtenues prouvant la possibilité d’utiliser le chou rouge comme source de pigment à très faible coût des DSSCs. / This thesis is divided in three parts. The first one deals with the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), a hole conducting polymer, used in many applications. By varying the quantities of the monomer and the oxidant while fixing the molar ratio at 1:1.25, and by adding magnesium oxide, novel echinoid-like and PANI needles were formed. The formation mechanism of the 1D structures is explained using the multi-layer theory. The second section is devoted for the fabrication of low cost single-layered photovoltaic devices based on the working principle of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In 1991, Grätzel reintroduced the photo-electrochemical effect by developing the first DSSC, one of the third generation solar cells, formed of a TiO2 film (photoanode) sensitized using a dye and an electrolyte regenerating the excited dye. Despite their low cost, DSSCs face many problems such as the high cost of the dye, leaking of the electrolyte, sublimation of the I-/I3- through I2, etc. To solve these problems a single layer photovoltaic device has been developed. Composites formed of PANI, and TiO2 are the basis of the new generation photovoltaics. The in-situ polymerization of aniline inside a titania solution results in a strong interaction between PANI and TiO2 particles where a core (TiO2)/shell (PANI) structure exists inside the composite. In the single-layered photovoltaic device based on PANI-TiO2 composite, PANI is considered as sensitizer at the photoanode and as polyelectrolyte deeper inside the composite layer. In addition, textiles fabricated using such composites generated a voltage of 0.6 V and a current of 1 A/m2 when ethanol is injected in the solar cell. A new architecture has been developed to enhance the performance of the device and at the same time to store the converted energy for later use. The final part is devoted to the fabrication of DSSCs based on natural dyes. Anthocyanin; a halochromic natural dye responsible for the red color in plants, extracted from red cabbage was used to sensitize TiO2 films. This property results in the fabrication of DSSCs with different colors and photovoltaic behavior. At a pH equal to 0, a Voc and Jsc of 520 mV and 185 μA/cm2 were respectively recorded proving the possibility of using red cabbages as a very low cost dye source for DSSCs.

Ces travaux décrivent l'élaboration de latex hybrides de polymère / nanotubes d'Imogolite et polymère / nanofeuillets d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires (HDL) en milieu aqueux dispersé. Les deux charges inorganiques ont été choisies pour leurs propriétés thermiques, mécaniques et pour leur anisotropie de forme, ce qui pourrait permettre l'élaboration de films nanostructurés. Les latex ont été synthétisés par une stratégie originale basée sur le procédé de polymérisation RAFT en émulsion. Cette stratégie consiste à utiliser des copolymères hydrophiles (macroRAFT), comportant à la fois des unités d'acide acrylique et un groupe trithiocarbonate terminal, comme agents de couplage et stabilisants. Dans un premier temps, ces macroRAFTs ont été adsorbés à la surface des nanoparticules inorganiques, puis l'extension de ces chaînes a été réalisée par la polymérisation d'un monomère hydrophobe selon un procédé semi-batch. Des nanotubes d'Imogolite décorés de particules de latex ou des nanotubes d'Imogolite encapsulés ont été obtenus, selon les conditions de synthèse adoptées. L'effet de différents paramètres sur la morphologie finale des particules hybrides a été étudié. La nature de l'agent macroRAFT s'est avérée être un paramètre clé pour le succès de l'encapsulation. La même stratégie a été utilisée en vue de l'encapsulation des HDL. Quelles que soient les conditions investiguées, des latex stables contenant des particules d'HDL encapsulées par du polymère ont été formés. Dans tous les cas, la morphologie des latex nanocomposites a été caractérisée par MET et cryo-MET et reliée à la méthode de modification de la surface et aux conditions de polymérisation. Enfin, les propriétés mécaniques ainsi que la microstructure des films hybrides de polymère / nanotubes d'Imogolite ont été étudiées par DMA et MET, respectivement, et reliées à la morphologie des particules de latex / This work describes the elaboration of hybrid latexes of polymer / Imogolite nanotubes and polymer / layered double hydroxyde (LDH) nanosheets in aqueous dispersed media. The two inorganic materials were chosen as fillers for their thermal and mechanical properties and especially for their shape anisotropy, which could lead to the formation of nanostructured films. The latexes were synthesized through an original polymerization strategy based on the RAFT process in emulsion. The strategy consists in the use of hydrophilic random copolymers, containing acrylic acid units and a thiocarbonylthio end group, as both coupling agents and stabilizers. These copolymers, herein named macroRAFT agents, were tethered to the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles and chain extended by the polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer in a semi-batch process. Polymer-decorated Imogolite nanotubes or encapsulated nanotube bundles were obtained according to the process conditions. The effect of different parameters on the final morphology and latex stability was studied, and the macroRAFT nature was proven to be the key factor to achieve encapsulation. The same strategy was then applied to LDH materials. The different conditions tested all led to the encapsulation of the nanosheets. In both cases, the morphology of the nanocomposite latexes was characterized by TEM and cryo-TEM and correlated with the surface modification and the experimental conditions. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of hybrid films of polymer / Imogolite were studied by DMA and TEM, respectively, and correlated with the latex particles morphology