Based on newfound family letters, factory archives, oral history, and offiicial publications in Shanghai and other Chinese cities, this dissertation examines how urban Chinese families weathered the economic aftermath of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution by negotiating with the austerity measures, official ideology, and street-level bureaucracy. Such multivalent negotiations gave rise to "xiaokang", a “Confucianized” doctrine of depoliticized economic development, providing a durable basis for socialist China’s integration with the capitalist world order. A Shanghai-focused history of urban household economy and grassroots ideology in socialist China, this dissertation explains how urban families shaped modern China’s state-society dynamics and charted China’s unique transition away from Communism. Urban families’ experiences in late Maoist China were profoundly shaped by “revolutionary austerity”, characterized by ideological mobilization of urban families to bear the costs of Mao’s continuous revolution. By separating millions of teenagers from their families, the send-down youths movement (1968-1980) marked the austerity's apex. Instead of continuing the revolution, the send-down youths movement and other revolutionary austerity measures transformed urban families into smaller, more efficient, and depoliticized economic units. Once the ideologically disillusioned and economically strained sent-down youths negotiated the difficult bureaucratic terrain to achieve family reunion, they reinvested the virtue of sacrifice to the “possessive vision” of family life and the cultivation of their single child. By examining eight collections of Mao-era family letters in the context of larger historical processes, this dissertation demonstrates a significant shift in the late Maoist household economy and grassroots sentiments undergirding China’s "xiaokang" ideology.

This work is an interdisciplinary study involving mainly the fields of information visualisation and human-computer interaction. The advancement of technology has expanded the ways in which humans interact with machines, which has benefited both the industry as well as several fields within science. However, scientists and practitioners in the information visualisation domain remain working, mostly, with classical setups constituted of keyboard and standard computer mouse devices. This project investigates how a shift in the human-computer interaction aspect of visualisation software systems can affect the accomplishment of tasks and the overall user experience when analysing two-dimensionally displayed multivariate networks. Such investigation is relevant as complex network structures have seen an increase in use as essential tools to solve challenges that directly affect individuals and societies, such as in medicine or social sciences. The improvement of visualisation software’s usability can result in more of such challenges answered in a shorter time or with more precision. To answer this question, a web application that enables users to analyse multivariate networks through interfaces based both on hand gesture recognition and mouse device was developed. Also, a number of gesture designs were developed for several tasks to be performed when visually analysing networks. Then, an expert in the field of human-computer interaction was invited to review the proposed hand gestures and report his overall user experience of using them. The results show that the expert had, overall, similar user experience for both hand gestures and mouse device. Moreover, the interpretation of the results indicates that the accuracy offered by gestures has to be carefully taken into account when designing gestures for selection tasks, particularly when the selection targets are small objects. Finally, our analysis points out that the manner in which the software’s graphical user interface is presented also affects the usability of gestures, and that both factors have to be designed accordingly.

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Ever wondered how trains arrive and depart on time? Traffic Control systems are there to help control the traffic flow, with many operators monitoring and taking actions when necessary. Operators of the traffic control systems use a keyboard and a mouse to interact. Current user interface and work setup consist of many usability issues that can be improved in order to increase operator’s efficiency and productivity in controlling the traffic. Interviewing users of the system and researching on related topics led to a newly proposed design in interaction, user interface as well as some suggestions for increasing productivity. Gesture-based interaction is introduced and simulated for traffic control systems that tend to improve the operation. Various gestures are designed such as panning, zooming and hovering the map using Leap Motion controller which enables intuitive interaction. These gestures aim to solve identified usability issues discovered during the interview with the user. The project aims to answer the following question: Can gesture-based interaction solve usability issues and establish the intuitive use of the CTC system? Performing exploratory research on this topic involved designing, implementing and testing hand gestures with users. From an ergonomic perspective, body posture and hand position of the operator is examined and suggested to use sit-to-stand workstations in order to reduce pain and discomfort while working. Gesture-based interaction eliminates finding mouse cursor on large screens, it enables fast request of detailed information and also it provides a better overview of the map surroundings. Laboratory tests confirm that gesture-based interaction brings more natural and intuitive use of traffic control systems. There is a big potential for gesture-based interaction to increase usability and bring efficient controlling for operators. It would reduce delays of the train and maintain safe traffic flow. / Har du någonsin undrat hur tåg anländer och avgaå i tid? Trafikledningssystem (CTC-system) hjälper till att kontrollera trafikflöet där operatörer övervakar och vidtar åtgärder vid behov. Operatörer av ett trafikledningssystem använder idag ett tangentbord och en mus för att interagera. Det nuvarande användargränssnittet och arbetsinstallationen består av många användbarhetsproblem som kan förbättras för att öka operatörens effektivitet och produktivitet för att kontrollera trafiken. Intervjuer med användare av systemet samt forskning om ämnet ledde till ett nytt föreslag av interaktion, utformning av användargränssnitt samt några förslag för att öka produktiviteten. Den gestbaserade interaktionen som infördes och simulerades för trafikkontrollsystemet tenderar att förbättra funktionen. Olika gester utformades som möjliggör för användaren att panorera, zooma och sväva över kartan. Gesterna implementerades med hjälp av Leap Motion Controller som möjliggör intuitiv interaktion. Dessa gester syftar till att lösa identifierade användbarhetsproblem som upptäcks under intervjuerna med användarna. Syftet med detta arbete var att svara på följande forskningsfråga: Kan gestbaserad interaktion lösa användbarhetsproblem och etablera intuitiv användning av CTC-systemet? Den explorativa forskning som utfördes i detta arbete inkluderade att utforma, genomföra och testa gester med användare. Kroppshållning och handposition för operatorerna undersöktes ur ett ergonomiskt perspektiv och studien föreslår att använda sitt-till-stå arbetsstationer för att minska smärta och obehag under arbetet. Gestbaserad interaktion eliminerar problemet att hitta muspekaren på stora skärmar, vilket gör det enkelt att snabbt hitta detaljerad information och ger även en bättre överblick över kartans omgivning. Laboratorietester bekräftar att gestbaserad interaktion ger mer naturlig och intuitiv användning av trafikledningssystemet. Det finns en stor potential för gestbaserad interaktion för att öka användbarheten och ge en effektiv kontroll för operatörerna. Det skulle minska förseningarna av tåget och upprätthålla ett säkert trafikflöde.

大躍進運動，貫徹烏托邦主義，結合毛澤東及其追隨者賦予的闡釋，加上嚴格管制的官方宣傳體系與人民對理想的渴望，演變為大規模集體狂熱運動。對共產主義世界、烏托邦理想的期待與將國家推往急速發展的思想，這種思想化為多樣化的語言論述，藉由傳媒大肆散佈，並形成獨樹一幟的語言風格。 本研究分為五個章節，除導論簡述本文研究要旨外，首先將說明革命語言與中國共產黨之關聯性，定義革命語言的基本內涵，並說明中共革命語言的形成。其次說明中共宣傳的策略與手段，對意識形態及語言的散播發生何種影響。而後進入研究核心，以《人民日報》、《紅旗》文獻與《紅旗歌謠》新民歌，歸納大躍進革命語言的構成內容，並依據前文歸納，分析革命語言的特徵。 / The Great Leap Forward carried out Utopia doctrine, combined the explanation that Mao Zedong and his followers offered to, in addition, the official propaganda system that control strictly and aspiration of the people about ideal, developed into extensive collective's fanatic movement. The expectation of communist world and Utopia ideal, thought of push the country to develop rapidly, the thought turned into variety of languages, spread out by the media, and formed the language style of taking the course of its own. This research is divided into five chapters, except that the introduction, at first will prove the relation of revolutionary language and the CCP, define the basic intension of the revolutionary language, and explain the forming revolutionary language of CCP. Secondly, to show that CCP’s propaganda tactics and means how influenced ideology and language. And then enter the core of studying, in the documents of " People's Daily ", "Red Flag "'and new folk songs of " Red Flag Ballad ", sum up the composition content of the revolutionary language of the Great Leap Forward, and according to preceding paragraphs, analyze the characteristic of the revolutionary language.

[pt] Sonho, Narrativa e Psicanálise é uma proposta de articulação entre os três eixos que dão nome à tese. O material apresentado é uma tentativa de explorar uma teoria a partir da combinação desses eixos e representa um esforço para trazer a psicanálise para o campo de estudos das narrativas ficcionais. Assim, os capítulos da tese dividem-se a partir das interseções entre os eixos: sonho e psicanálise; psicanálise e narrativa; narrativa e sonho. O que se propõe é uma investigação em torno do inconsciente, enquanto estruturado como uma linguagem, a partir do material dos sonhos e com a apuração de algumas poéticas literárias e cinematográficas de viés onírico, elegendo-se como pilares epistemológicos a psicanálise e sua influência nas teorias da arte a partir da década de 80, com destaque para os trabalhos de Paul Ricoeur, Peter Brooks e para a crítica de inspiração lacaniana, representada aqui por Jean-Pierre Oudart e Hal Foster. Em que medida tem valor a psicanálise para o campo de estudos narrativos? Onde buscar através dos sonhos e da psicanálise conhecimento sobre as narrativas? A distorção pareceu uma coisa a ser notada e compreendida. Cientes do mal de todo arquivo, ela foi eleita nossa chave de leitura, uma leitura que convoca o sujeito. Procurar o lugar do sujeito, da sutura, dos entretempos, aquele lugar onde o sujeito é convocado, talvez seja a forma privilegiada de trazer a psicanálise para o campo das artes, na medida em que se entenda que a arte implica em uma produção e em uma leitura (virtual) do arquivo (oculto) e que se leve em conta seu arquivamento diferenciado, deformado, distorcido. A primeira parte da tese serve para apresentar ao leitor os termos teóricos com que vamos trabalhar, dando-lhes um contexto, mas também procurando integrar os textos freudianos de uma maneira específica, dentro dos nossos propósitos. Na segunda parte, são abordadas algumas tentativas de aplicação da psicanálise no campo das artes, sendo três os caminhos que se destacaram no âmbito dessa pesquisa. Primeiro, o da crítica que procede analogicamente ao modelo dos sonhos, apresentada por Paul Ricoeur, que identificou o onírico em geral ao enxergar nos sonhos um valor de modelo. Um segundo caminho possível foi delineado por Peter Brooks, que propõe pensar um modelo econômico de narrativa enquanto estrutura espaço-temporal a partir do modelo econômico freudiano. A terceira via de aproximação entre a psicanálise e as artes tem inspiração lacaniana, trazendo para o centro da questão o lugar do sujeito em um modelo topológico. Por fim, a partir desses três caminhos de aplicação da psicanálise ao campo das artes em geral, e da arte narrativa em particular, será formada a base teórica para a análise crítica de um autor, o polonês Bruno Schulz, e de um roteiro cinematográfico original, que surgiu a partir de uma imagem de sonho. / [en] Dream, Narrative and Psychoanalysis is a proposal to articulate the three axes that name this dissertation. The material presented here is an attempt to explore a theory drawing on the combination of those axes, and it represents an effort to bring psychoanalysis to the field of fictional narrative studies. Thus, the chapters of the dissertation are divided based on the intersections between the axes: dream and psychoanalysis; psychoanalysis and narrative; narrative and dream. What is proposed here is an investigation around the language of the unconscious, drawing on the material of dreams, and examining some literary and cinematographic poetics with oneiric features. Psychoanalysis and its influence on theories of art after the 1980 s were elected as the epistemological pillars, highlighting the works of Paul Ricoeur and Peter Brooks and Lacan-inspired critique, here represented by Jean-Pierre Oudart and Hal Foster. To what extent is psychoanalysis valuable for the field of narrative studies? Where to seek knowledge about narratives through dreams and psychoanalysis? Distortion seemed like something to be noted and comprehended. With awareness of the archive fever, it was selected as the key to our reading, a reading that summons the subject. Searching for the place of the subject, of the suture, of the in-between, that place where the subject is summoned, may be the privileged way to bring psychoanalysis to the field of arts, insofar as it is understood that art entails a (virtual) production and a (virtual) reading of the (hidden) archive, and it is taken into account its differentiated, deformed, distorted archiving. The first part of the dissertation serves to present the theoretical terms that are going to be addressed, giving them a context, but also seeking to integrate the Freudian texts in a specific way, within our purposes. In the second part, some attempts of applying psychoanalysis to the field of arts are approached, and three paths stood out within the scope of this research. First, that of the critique that proceeds analogically to the dream model, presented by Paul Ricoeur, who identified the oneiric in general by seeing in dreams the value of a model. A second possible path was outlined by Peter Brooks, who proposes thinking of an economic model of narrative as a spatial-temporal structure based on Freud s economic model. The third path to bring psychoanalysis and art together is inspired by Lacan, foregrounding the issue of the subject s place in a topological framework. Finally, drawing on those three paths of psychoanalysis applied to the field of the arts in general, and of the narrative art in particular, the theoretical basis will have been laid for the critical analysis of an author from Poland, Bruno Schulz, and of an original screenplay, that unfolded from an image in a dream.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6637.pdf: 2082461 bytes, checksum: d9c0f98b28ef8dc109c03c8ae37aabe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / The sea of real-time images, the instant access to latest news and the contemporary demand that praises and requires the so-called positive social values pass by the exhausting and brutalized affirmation process of this established culture. Television, in this regard, can become a powerful vehicle of ideology exchange, due to its global reach. However, television could be an education tool, provided that its content and form are properly prepared to this end. Following these discussions, and guided by readings of texts by Theodor W. Adorno and Herbert Marcuse, we propose the analysis of the content of educational television program, transmitted by television and Internet, Salto para o Futuro (Leap into the Future, in Portuguese), on TV Escola (Ministry of Education), as well as the observation of technical changes, in other words, the way the information are structured and transmitted by this mean of communication, born as a result of the digital technology emergence. Analysis has demonstrated that there is Form predominance over Content since the analyzed episode articulates its messages via TV newscast format, which beforehand tends to ensure spectators adhesion by its serious aspect. Another important aspect comes from the presence of a discursive pattern in the messages: the hero specialist teacher cliché who in the future, by magically jumping over the historical and material contradictions in the present days, will save education by using technology. Finally, we conclude that the general format of the Salto Para o Futuro TV show (Leap into the Future, in Portuguese) does not allow the offer for explanatory information. However, through the radical change of its dynamics - disruption of the formal hierarchy by dialectic relation tension of the Formation concept - the program could envision an educational horizon: an aid to reveal the mechanisms that prevent the refusal and resistance of what is presented as if it were real. / O oceano de imagens em tempo real, o acesso imediato às últimas notícias e a demanda contemporânea que exalta e exige os valores sociais ditos positivos, perpassam pelo exaustivo e embrutecedor processo de afirmação da cultura estabelecida. A televisão, nesse sentido, pode se converter em um poderoso veículo de contrabando ideológico em decorrência de seu alcance global. No entanto, a televisão poderia ser um instrumento de formação, desde que seus conteúdos e sua forma fossem devidamente preparados para esta finalidade. Nessa perspectiva e orientados pelas leituras de Theodor W. Adorno e Herbert Marcuse, propomos um exame acerca do conteúdo do programa de televisão educativa veiculado pela televisão e internet: Salto para o Futuro , da TV Escola (Ministério da Educação), bem como a observação das alterações técnicas, ou seja, da forma como são elaboradas e transmitidas as informações desse meio de comunicação em decorrência da emergência da tecnologia digital. O exame demonstrou que há predominância da Forma em relação ao Conteúdo uma vez que o episódio analisado articula suas mensagens por meio do formato de telejornal, que de antemão tende a garantir a adesão dos espectadores pela aparência de seriedade. Outro aspecto importante decorre da presença de um padrão discursivo das mensagens: o clichê do professor especialista herói que no futuro, por meio de um salto mágico sobre as contradições históricas e materiais do presente, salvará a educação com o uso da tecnologia. Com efeito, concluímos que o formato geral do programa Salto Para o Futuro não permite a oferta de informações de esclarecimento. Contudo, por meio da mudança radical da sua dinâmica o rompimento da hierarquização formal pela relação tensional dialética do conceito de Formação o programa poderia vislumbrar um horizonte pedagógico: um auxílio para revelar os mecanismos que impedem a recusa e a resistência do que é apresentado como se fosse real.

Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse ont pour but de développer un système de réalité virtuelle d'aide à la réalisation et à l'évaluation d'exercices physiques. La notion d'exercice physique étant très large, nous avons pris le parti de cibler des exercices réalisés dans le cadre médical de traitements de rééducation fonctionnelle. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis au point un socle technologique et algorithmique basé sur du matériel standard, peu coûteux, simple à installer et à utiliser. Il met en place les fondations nécessaires pour le développement d'applications de réalité virtuelle destinées à supporter et à superviser des exercices de rééducation, qu'ils soient réalisés dans un centre de rééducation, dans le cabinet d'un kinésithérapeute, ou à domicile. Sur base de ce socle, nous avons ensuite développé deux applications de rééducation ciblant des pathologies différentes. La première application est destinée aux patients atteints de douleurs neuropathiques telles que les douleurs fantômes (DF) chez les amputés ou le Syndrome Douloureux Régional Complexe (SDRC). Grâce à la réalité virtuelle, nous donnons l'illusion au patient qu'il peut à nouveau bouger son membre amputé ou pathologique, réduisant ainsi l'intensité des douleurs. La seconde application a pour but d'offrir au thérapeute et au patient un outil de quantification des mouvements réalisés dans le cadre d'exercices de rééducation motrice. Les mesures ainsi obtenues vont permettre d'aider le médecin à identifier et à objectiver le diagnostic d'une pathologie du mouvement, et, par la suite, vont permettre au kinésithérapeute d'en suivre l'évolution tout au long du traitement de rééducation. Pour chacune de ces applications, un algorithme spécifique de suivi de mouvements, basé sur le socle commun, est au cœur de la solution mise en œuvre. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The aim of the thesis is to design, create and evaluate a user interface for control of service robot. I will focus on controlling of robotic arm, to be able to accomplish pick and place tasks. Specifically I will work with robotic platform PR2. The thesis describes different devices for sensing and perception of a user and usage of information from these devices to control robotic arm. Moreover, different methods for controlling of robotic arm are described there. Application design and implementation is presented further in this thesis together with description of the experiments used for evaluation of application.