Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-06T22:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 03a.pdf: 2459401 bytes, checksum: 4be1a43d873e5061b50682baa16f9ead (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T22:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03a.pdf: 2459401 bytes, checksum: 4be1a43d873e5061b50682baa16f9ead (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / A Lógica é uma ciência de índole matemática que está fortemente ligada à Filosofia, cuidando das leis do raciocínio, ou do pensar correto, sendo, portanto, um instrumento do pensar. Assim o aprendizado da lógica se faz necessário para garantir que nossos pensamentos se realizem de forma correta a fim de produzir conhecimentos verdadeiros. A lógica estuda os princípios e métodos usados para distinguir o raciocínio correto do incorreto. Desta forma, a Lógica é uma disciplina fundamental para os cursos acadêmicos de Ciência da Computação. No entanto, uma persistência de altos níveis de reprovação ou desistências prematuras mostra que há um amplo espaço para melhorar o processo de ensino desta disciplina. Nesse contexto, um tema particularmente crítico da Lógica e que causa sérias dificuldades aos alunos é a aprendizagem dos processos de dedução formal. Tendo essa questão em vista, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor um modelo computacional de mediação apropriado para o ensino da Dedução Natural para a Lógica Proposicional, incorporado na forma de um agente pedagógico que auxilie o aluno em seu processo de aprendizagem, servindo como ferramenta de apoio para esse processo. Este agente é parte de um projeto de pesquisa, denominado Heráclito, que visa integrar e aplicar as tecnologias de Objetos Inteligentes de Aprendizagem e Agentes Pedagógicos no ensino de Lógica. / Logic is a mathematical science of nature that is strongly linked to Philosophy, tending the laws of reasoning, or right thinking, therefore, an instrument of thought. So learning the logic is necessary to ensure that our thoughts are carried correctly to produce true knowledge. Logic studies the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning. Thus, the logic is a fundamental discipline for academic courses of Computer Science. However, the persistence of high levels of premature failure or dropouts shows that there is ample room for improving the process of teaching this subject. In this context, a particularly critical of Logic and causing severe difficulties for students is learning the processes of formal deduction. With this question in mind, this paper aims to propose a computational model of mediation appropriate for the teaching of Natural Deduction for Propositional Logic, incorporated as a pedagogical agent to assist students in their learning process, serving as a tool support for this process. This agent is part of a research project, named Heraclitus, which aims to integrate and apply the technologies of Smart Objects Learning and Pedagogical Agents in teaching Logic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zilda Kessel.pdf: 4894323 bytes, checksum: 3f0eb8744ed1dd3a863ef87286729b1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work is to study the Virtual Learning Environment (AVA) and to propose its understanding as a space that registers the school culture. The proposal uses conceptual contributions from History, Education and Information Science areas and seeks to demonstrate how the registers preserved in these environments are configured in a rich set of traces about the pedagogical doing. In them it is possible to identify not only the documents and proposals but also their execution, once they gather documents, students and teachers activities and final products. The everyday register of the school usually systematically disposed, emerges in the virtual space as a patrimony to be preserved, that can be read and studied ranging from the History of Education to studies on Curricula, besides enabling the reflexive work of both educators and students. Once accessible and as a reflection for educators ,researchers and students, it can become a place for memory / O presente trabalho tem por objeto estudar os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA), e propõe a sua compreensão como espaço de registro da cultura escolar. A proposta se vale de aportes conceituais das áreas de História, Educação e Ciência da Informação e procura demostrar como os registros preservados nesses ambientes se configuram num rico conjunto de vestígios acerca do fazer pedagógico. Neles é possível identificar tanto os documentos e propostas como a sua realização, visto que reúnem documentos, atividades de alunos e professores, interações e produtos finais. O registro do fazer cotidiano na escola, em geral objeto de descarte sistemático, emerge no espaço virtual, constituindo-se como patrimônio a ser preservado, passível de leituras e estudos diversos que vão da História da Educação aos estudos sobre Currículo, além de possibilitar o trabalho reflexivo de educadores e alunos. Tornados acessíveis e objetos da reflexão de educadores, pesquisadores e alunos, podem vir a se constituir como lugar de memória

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivete Picarelli Milanesio.pdf: 1402147 bytes, checksum: 66a8674ca2d3c83d1fa920ea673526d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / This paper traces a parallel between my professional career, the educational theories that unfolded in the course of um studies and the search to the answers for quality education, making use of digital technologies. Observing a long distance course as a complex system, subject to different interaction modes, interventions and feelings, entails unexpected results. This consequent, which I shall name emerging quality or formative emergence , was identified and analyzed as regards its interference in the teaching-learning process. The main aim is to observe record and analyze formative emergences in a long distance course, which are facilitators in the process of construction of knowledge and learning, with educators in mind. The theoretical reference used in this paper, from Complex Thinking by Edgar Morin and Eco-systemic Thinking by Maria Cândida Moraes, points towards the need to conceive the virtual environment as a living and relational system, subject to emergences and self-organizing processes. Additionally, it points towards the need to incorporate new technologies into education, not as a source of data and modernity, but as a relevant socio-cultural factor, which permeates the interactions between the environment (social, biological and cultural) and the school, valuing the quality of the mediation and favoring the teaching-learning process. The analysis used qualitative methodology, since the research takes place within a formation environment, which proposes theoretical studies and practical actions, aiming at social consequences in improving quality of education. To this end, qualitative data was collected and then supplemented with quantitative data taken from course-attendee production, to better analyze the observations vis-a-vis the situations studied, in all their different aspects. Among the formation emergences observed and analyzed we can highlight: operational dependence, politicity, assistentialist cooperation, process of technological emancipation, cooperation by group or team, rescue of values, mediation and processes of organization of knowledge. The data collected, organized and analyzed does not claim to give answers to problems in education. Rather, it aims at being a record of long-distance education, in all its complexity of actions, interactions, interferences and results / Este trabalho estabelece um paralelo entre minha trajetória profissional, as teorias educacionais que se desvelaram durante o meu estudo e a busca de respostas para uma educação de qualidade, utilizando as tecnologias digitais. A observação de um curso a distância como um sistema complexo, sujeito a diferentes interações, intervenções e sentimentos, produz resultados nem sempre esperados. Esta resultante que chamarei de qualidade emergente , ou emergência formativa , foi identificada e analisada no que se refere à sua interferência no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. O objetivo principal é observar, registrar e analisar emergências formativas num curso a distância, para educadores, facilitadoras no processo construção do conhecimento e de aprendizagem. O referencial teórico utilizado neste estudo, a partir do Pensamento Complexo de Edgar Morin e do Pensamento Eco-Sistêmico de Maria Cândida Moraes, aponta para a necessidade de se conceber o ambiente virtual como um sistema vivo, relacional, sujeito às emergências e aos processos auto-organizadores. Aponta também, para a necessidade da utilização das novas tecnologias na educação, não como fonte de dados e modernidade, mas como um fator sócio-cultural relevante que permeia as interações entre o meio ambiente (social, biológico e cultural) e a escola, valorizando a qualidade da mediação e favorecendo o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Para esta análise, foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, por ser uma pesquisa que acontece dentro de um ambiente de formação, que propõe estudos teóricos e ações práticas, com proposta de reflexos sociais na melhora da qualidade da educação. Para tanto, foram coletados dados de natureza qualitativa e complementados por dados quantitativos extraídos das produções dos cursistas, para melhor análise das observações em relação às situações estudadas em seus diferentes aspectos. Dentre as emergências formativas observadas e analisadas, podemos destacar: dependência operacional, politicidade, cooperação assistencialista, processo de emancipação tecnológica, cooperação por grupo ou equipe, resgate de valores, mediação e processos de organização do conhecimento. Estes dados coletados, organizados e analisados, não têm a pretensão de oferecer respostas aos problemas da educação, mas de servir como registro de uma formação a distância, em sua complexidade de ações, interações, interferências e resultados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio Cesar dos Santos.pdf: 1271511 bytes, checksum: 1261c8f0605466f2259d486fe729d7ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / This work is part of the discussion about the use of virtual environments in distance learning courses in Accounting Undergraduate level. The motivation for its existence is justified due to the large growth of distance education in Brazil. In such context it is necessary an analysis about Virtual Learning Environment, which is a feature widely used and discussed in education mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). From this perspective, the proposal for this paper is to discuss the point of view of the Accounting course in DL mode s agents, especially the perception of the course coordinator about the features of Virtual Learning Environments that now exist and whether they are suitable for mediation of a course in Accounting in the distance modality. To investigate these questions, we created an assessment tool Survey, with questions related to the features of virtual environments used in High Education Institutions that offer undergraduate courses in Accounting in the distance modality, and has a pole of face support in the city of São Paulo. The results show that adaptations and improvements are necessary tools taking into account various aspects highlighted in the data analysis. It is hoped that this work can contribute effectively to improve the tools of virtual environments / O presente trabalho insere-se na discussão sobre a utilização de ambientes virtuais em cursos a distância de Contabilidade em nível de Graduação. Essa preocupação se justifica devido ao grande crescimento do EaD no Brasil, pois, nesse contexto, faz-se necessária uma abordagem sobre os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem, que se constituem num recurso muito utilizado e discutido na educação mediada pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). A partir dessa perspectiva, a proposta para este trabalho é discutir o ponto de vista do curso de Ciências Contábeis na modalidade EaD, em especial qual a percepção do coordenador de curso sobre as funcionalidades dos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem hoje existentes e se eles são adequados para a mediação de um curso de Ciências Contábeis a distância. Para investigar esses questionamentos, criou-se um instrumento de avaliação Survey, com questões voltadas às funcionalidades dos ambientes virtuais utilizados nas Instituições de Ensino Superior que ofertam o curso de Graduação em Ciências Contábeis na modalidade a distância, e que tenha polo de apoio presencial na cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram que adequações e melhorias nas ferramentas são necessárias levando-se em conta vários aspectos apontados na análise dos dados. Espera-se que o presente trabalho possa contribuir de maneira eficaz para melhorias das ferramentas dos ambientes virtuais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulo roberto.pdf: 1824858 bytes, checksum: 569d57d0a5b9f110295b3bc2acc190c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-21 / The present studies main objective was to identify how the concept of citizenship presents itself in the Didactics Book of Mathematics. The mediation between citizenship and mathematics happens through the transversal themes work and consumption, which came through the generating themes of Paulo Freire. Fifth to eighth grade books of Mathematics, which have been recommended by the National Program of the Didactics Book in the years 1999 and 2001, have been analyzed and their exercises were classified according to the Learning Environments proposed by Skovsmose. The results suggest that some relevant themes for society, which are subjected to discussion in the scope of Mathematics Education, are not found in the Didactics Book of Mathematics. Almost all questions were centered in Literacy, reinforcing the need of an approach that considers Literacy, Materacy and Technoracy as it is proposed by D Ambrosio. Some initial steps towards tax calculus have been identified, but the discussion of their importance in society, which would enable deeper debate between mathematics and society, has not evolved / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar como a cidadania se apresenta no Livro Didático de Matemática. A mediação entre a cidadania e a matemática é realizada através dos temas transversais trabalho e consumo, vistos na perspectivas dos temas geradores de Paulo Freire. Foram analisados livros de Matemática de 5ª a 8ª séries, recomendados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, nos anos de 1999 e 2001, classificando os exercícios de percentagem segundo os Ambientes de Aprendizagem, proposto por Skovsmose. Os resultados sugerem que alguns temas relevantes para a sociedade, passíveis de discussão no âmbito da Educação Matemática, não estão no livro didático de matemática. A quase totalidade das questões estava centrada na Literacia, reforçando a necessidade da abordagem proposta por D Ambrosio que contempla a Literacia, a Materacia e a Tecnoracia. Foram identificados alguns passos iniciais em relação aos cálculos de tributos, mas a discussão da sua importância na sociedade, que permitiria um amplo diálogo entre a matemática e a cidadania, não evoluiu

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma ferramenta computacional interativa para a elaboração de mapas conceituais e objetos de aprendizagem, como um módulo integrado ao ambiente virtual HyperCAL online. A partir disso, melhorou-se a interação do usuário, no módulo professor, com o sistema no desenvolvimento de objetos de aprendizagem, oportunizando a flexibilidade e customização no acesso ao conteúdo. Para a execução deste trabalho, foram investigados os seguintes temas: Design Instrucional, Ambientes Virtuais e Objetos de Aprendizagem, os processos de desenvolvimento de Software e as metodologias ágeis, os conceitos de Design de Interação e Interface, seguindo principalmente os princípios de design e usabilidade, com foco na experiência do usuário. Todo este estudo possibilitou a construção e a integração da ferramenta de mapas conceituais no ambiente HyperCAL online com a aplicação da metodologia ágil Extreme Programming (XP) que, por ter premissas de simplificação de processos e proximidade constante com o usuário, garantiu a qualidade do projeto durante o processo de aplicação das técnicas propostas. A implementação de mapas conceituais no ambiente virtual HyperCAL online demonstrou grande aplicabilidade para a proposta desta pesquisa, pois potencializou a possibilidade de pesquisa e aprendizado do usuário, contribuindo no seu foco de interesse, aumentando sua capacidade de informação, interação e recuperação de dados do sistema. E ainda, tornou o ambiente virtual mais atrativo, interativo e dinâmico para os seus usuários. / Abstract: This study aims to develop an interactive computational tool to elaborate conceptual maps and learning objects, as an integrated module to the online virtual environment HyperCAL. We sought to improve the teacher module’s user interaction with the system of development of learning objects, allowing the flexibility and customization when accessing content. For the execution of this study, the following issues have been investigated: Instructional Design, Virtual Environments and Learning Objects; the processes of software development and agile methodologies; and concepts of Interaction and Interface Design, mainly following the principles of design and usability, focusing on the user’s experience. The study enabled the construction of the tool of conceptual maps and its integration to the HyperCAL online environment with the implementation of an agile methodology, which assured the quality of the project during the process of application of the proposed techniques, due to assumptions of simplifications of processes and to the constant proximity with the user. The implementation of concept maps in the online virtual environment HyperCAL has shown great applicability to the proposal of this research, as it has opened up new possibilities for research and learning for the user, contributing to their focus of interest, increasing its capacity for information, interaction and data recovery from the system. In addition, it has made the virtual environment more attractive, interactive and dynamic for its users.

O desenvolvimento e a utilização de ambientes computacionais como apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem, aliados à evolução da computação móvel, têm contribuído significativamente para o estabelecimento de uma nova modalidade de ensino conhecida como aprendizagem móvel ou mobile learning (m-learning). Nesse cenário emergente, os ambientes educacionais existentes, mesmo possuindo diversos benefícios e facilidades no que diz respeito ao ensino e aprendizagem, apresentam problemas e desafios que precisam ser explorados. Um dos aspectos relevantes a ser investigado refere-se ao estabelecimento e adoção de padrões arquiteturais. De fato, grande parte desses ambientes é construída de forma isolada, possuindo arquiteturas e estruturas próprias, o que pode impactar negativamente a capacidade de padronização. O presente trabalho de pesquisa insere-se neste contexto, tendo como principal objetivo investigar e definir uma arquitetura de referência orientada a serviço voltada para ambientes de aprendizagem móvel. Tal arquitetura, denominada Ref-mLearning, visa contribuir para a evolução, reúso e interoperabilidade desses ambientes, possibilitando ainda um aumento na qualidade e redução de custos durante o seu desenvolvimento. Resultados alcançados por meio de avaliações e condução de um estudo de caso demonstram que a Ref-mLearning é uma arquitetura viável possuindo uma boa estrutura e organização para o desenvolvimento de ambientes de aprendizagem móvel orientados a serviço. / The development and use of computational environment to support the teaching and learning, together with the evolution of mobile computing, have contributed significantly to the establishment of a new mode of teaching known as mobile learning (m-learning). In this emerging scenario, the existing educational environments, despite having various benefits and facilities with regard to teaching and learning, present problems and challenges that need to be explored. An important aspect to be investigated refers to the establishment and adoption of architectural patterns. In fact, many of these environments is built in isolation, possessing own architectures and structures, which may negatively impact the standardization capacity. This research work is part of this context, the main objective to investigate and define a service-oriented reference architecture for mobile learning environments. Such an architecture, called Ref-mLearning, aims to contribute to the evolution, reuse and interoperability of these environments, still enabling an increase in quality and cost reduction during its development. Results achieved through evaluations and conducting a case study show that Ref-mLearning is a viable architecture having a good structure and organization for the development of a service-oriented mobile learning environment.

Self-regulated learning skills have been shown to positively impact academic achievement in educational settings. This same set of skills becomes critically important as graduates enter today‟s dynamic work environment. That environment increasingly requires accountants and other professionals to be lifelong learners. This study is a response to the call of the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) to make "learning to learn" a priority in the accounting classroom. This study used a quantitative, quasi-experimental design within the context of a beginning accounting course. The course is characterized by high failure rates, highly conceptual content, and a population of novice learners. Study participants were stratified according to ACT level, prior GPA level, and academic major. The control group received instruction based on course content only. The treatment group received an intervention in which instruction focused on the process of learning as well as on regular course content. The purpose of the study was to determine whether academic performance differed between the 2 groups. The study further examined whether differences in the means on exam scores varied as a function of ACT level, prior GPA level, or academic major. A MANOVA indicated a significant difference in exam scores between the control and treatment groups with the treatment group outperforming the control group on 4 of the 5 exams. Follow-up ANOVAS were used to determine on which exams statistical significance was found. Two-way ANOVAS revealed no significant interaction between classroom method and prior GPA or academic major. Although statistical significance was not found in the interaction between classroom method and ACT level, descriptive statistics revealed that the greatest differences (between the mean exam scores of the control and treatment groups) occurred among the high-ACT group. The researcher did not attempt to trace causal paths, or changes in the mediating variables that may have linked changes in the learning environment to changes in academic performance. This study provided evidence that instruction related to the process of learning did not diminish academic performance on content-based exams and for most groups of students who received such instruction performance on exams was enhanced. This study casts doubt on the presence of a "ceiling effect," which is often associated with high-ACT students.

This report begins with the presentation of "the state of the art" as well as the foreseen trend in the education system in Mozambique and analyses the present situation in the area utilizing media opportunities for teaching and/or learning. Basing on this analysis, the prevailing problems and the aims (this might need research) of the study shall then be identified and formulated (chapter 1 and 2). The necessity to carry out the study is grounded by the worldwide stormy developments utilizing modern information technology. These developments do also apply to Mozambique as the pre-studies show. A flashback on the history of teaching-/learning system as well as on present solutions utilizing new media and new information as well as communication technology shall be discussed in the third chapter. To this end, the study shall contribute to identify the lacking of previous concepts as well as to introduce an orientation as to the current world sustainable system. The software for training on the market at present show (without doubt) that they reflect developers' imaginations (knowingly or unknowingly) as to what learning and teaching actually is and how this process take place. Basing on this knowledge, it is worth to work out the starting point as to teaching-/learning methodology before working out a conception. In addition, it shall be made clear (in the course of analysis) that the dominating criterion for customizing a teaching-/learning system is that system or its form that has been realised. The contribution of this report, further, is to make the definition of the media more precise by adding new terminology that shall be discussed and viewed from different viewpoints. This shall in turn contribute to a clear and sound understanding of the media. In the past years, a series of different teaching and methodologies concepts on the design of computer-based teaching-/learning environment were developed and discussed. Among them is the so called "anchored instruction" of the cognition and Technology Group based at Vanderbilt University and the Cognitive Apprenticeship developed by Collins, Brown and their co-workers. This shall be dealt with in the fourth chapter. On that basis, and taking other factors into consideration, such as design, functionality, applications scenarios, boundary conditions as well as user backgrounds, a more effective teaching-/learning environment can be predicted and consequently a concrete design proposal can be derived. The guidelines strived as to the design of context-sensitive multimedia teaching and learning environment shall not only be treated intuitive, but implemented technically in a prototype. In so doing they can then be evaluated and adopted. The so evaluated guidelines and other relevant design proposals that can find use in other areas with respect to the demand of the study as a whole shall make the results of this report. The fifth chapter shall describe the development and evaluation of prototype-art "e-Aula" solutions basing on the developed and grounded conception. The conception constitutes of a hybrid solution in the form of training software that supports both freelance as well as classroom learning. This training technology solution is called teaching-/learning environment and it is being characterised through its feature that it embodies two system interfaces having functions (learning environment and teaching arrangement) that basically refer to the same data collection (media) that can be accessed by the in different ways. This function rates "e-Aula" at a relatively higher position in comparison with a number of learning systems. The sixth chapter shall then summarise the important findings of the report and recommend areas for further research. Appendix: e-Aula Suite 1.0 (1,26 MB) Usage: Referat Informationsvermittlung der SLUB / Mit der Arbeit wurde Ein Konzept für eine Hybridlösung in Form von Bildungssoftware entwickelt begründet und evaluiert, mit der sich einmal erzeugte digitale didaktische Medien sowohl für selbstständiges und unterrichtliches Lernen in sog. "Multimedia Learning Environments" als auch für das Lehren über sog. "Teaching Arrangements" nutzen lassen. Anlage: e-Aula Suite 1.0 (1,26 MB) Nutzung: Referat Informationsvermittlung der SLUB

In spite of the popularity of technologies that facilitate distance learning, institutions still educate students who gather together in shared physical spaces. But now even these traditional settings for learning are more collaborative and technology-rich environments. Qualitative methods in the sociolinguistic tradition allowed me to attend carefully to the vocal and non-vocal interactions of students engaged in a computer supported collaborative authoring assignment. Three research questions guided my inquiry: 1) In what ways did students negotiate roles and responsibilities?; 2) In what ways did students negotiate access to their assignment?; and 3) what was the nature of discourse in computer supported collaborative authoring? I conducted microanalysis of the communication in online discussions and face-to-face discourse throughout an entire semester of one graduate level course entitled The Psychology of Teachers and Teaching. My data revealed that the online discussion forum, physical proximity to the computer during face-to-face collaboration and instructor influence shaped the students’ roles and responsibilities as well as their entry into the assignment. I propose a model illustrating how students negotiate entry into computer supported collaborative authoring assignments and discuss its implications for teaching and learning. / text