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The schoolyard, an area that is used continuously during the day by teachers and students, becomes a natural area for students to form social relationships and activate themselves outside the classroom. The schoolyard's possibilities to create these relationships and activities is directly connected to how it is designed. This study deals with these possibilities and after-school educare teachers' perception of the schoolyard as a play area and the students' tendencies regarding the use of its various spaces. Previous research shows that varied spaces with directly intended purposes have an inspiring effect on students' play. The philosopher Henri Lefebvre writes about three dimensions of space, the materially perceived, the imagined, and the lived. The study uses these to form an idea of after-school teachers' and students' opportunities in the schoolyard. Semi-structured interviews with after-school educare teachers were carried out to find out their view of the schoolyard, taking into account the students' social relations, motor development and educational purpose. Also observations of the students' stay in the schoolyard were made to answer the study's research questions. The results show that after-school educare teachers want greater opportunities to use the schoolyard as a space for didactic work, with varying play spaces. It also shows that after-school educare teachers' approach has an important role in the students' social relations and motor development in the schoolyard. The discussion includes the spatial dimensions in relation to the students' social relationships and motor development in the schoolyard. In addition, it is discussed in relation to the schoolyard for educational purposes.

En s’appuyant principalement sur le travail de Gilbert Simondon (1989) et sur celui de Bernard Stiegler (2010, 2012, 2013), ce mémoire de maîtrise explore la relation entre les notions d’individu et de collectif. D’une part, cette relation est conceptualisée et développée à travers les concepts de transindividuation et d’individuation collective ; et d’autre part, celle-ci est explorée via les théories de l’improvisation libre (free improvised music). S’intéressant aux différentes modalités de cette pratique musicale (Bailey, 1992 ; Saladin, 2002, 2010, 2014 ; Corbett, 2004, 2016 ; Peters, 2009), cette recherche conçoit l’improvisation libre comme une approche radicale permettant d’aborder autrement la relation entre les notions d’individu et de collectif. L’agencement, la confrontation et la négociation des singularités individuelles des musiciens.nes en présence étant au centre de la pratique de l’improvisation libre, la méthodologie mobilisée vise à cerner les dynamiques permettant de saisir la complexité de cette relation. En s’appuyant particulièrement sur la research-from-creation et la creation-as-research (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012), l’aspect méthodologique de ce mémoire est ancré dans la recherche-création. En ce sens, les principaux matériaux d’analyse ont émergé de l’expérience de séances d’improvisation libre dans laquelle l’immédiateté et l’éphémérité de la création ont été vécues, discutées et ultérieurement analysées à travers les concepts de rythme et de présence propres à la rythmanalyse d’Henri Lefebvre (1980, 1992). / Relying mainly on the work of Gilbert Simondon (1989) and Bernard Stiegler (2010, 2012, 2013), this master’s thesis explores the relation between the notions of individual and collective. On one hand, the relation is conceptualised and developed through the concepts of transindividuation and collective individuation ; and on the other hand, it is explored through free improvisation / free improvised music theories. Looking at the different modalities of that musical practice (Bailey, 1992 ; Saladin, 2002, 2010, 2014 ; Corbett, 2004, 2016 ; Peters, 2009), this research conceives free improvisation as a radical approach to tackle differently the relation between the notions of individual and collective. The assemblage, confrontation and negotiation of individual singularities of musicians being at the centre of free improvisation, the chosen methodology tends to define the dynamics allowing to understand the complexity of that relation. Relying particularly on research-from-creation and creation-as-research (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012), the methodological aspect of this thesis is anchored in research-creation. In that sense, the main analysis materials have emerged from the experience of free improvisation sessions in which the instantaneity and ephemeral aspect of creation were lived, discussed and subsequently analysed through the concepts of rhythm and presence inherent to Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis (1980, 1992).

Why do people transgress legal borders on beaches by the lakes and the coastline, despite thefact of a Swedish law defending the beach and a rigorous administration mirroring it? Nationalstudies show great differences in regional and local practice regarding the administration ofthe law of beach defense, Strandskyddslagen.This licentiate thesis explores the administration of Swedish beaches from both an actorand a structural point of view. It was carried out as a case study of three municipalities situatedby the southeast part of the Baltic and inland. The interviewed actors were regional andlocal civil servants including local politicians. The purpose of the thesis was to reveal whatimplications daily practice among civil servants and local politicians have on the forms ofhow beaches are appropriated and dominated. The thesis focus on the dualism of the privateand the public space. Drawing on structural and poststructural theory and qualitative methodologythe importance of methodology is argued. The author use a triangulation of differenttheories and methods. Grounded on interviews, five areas were thematized; ideology, power,professional cultures, communication and mirroring. The thesis reveals that chains of causesto the heterogeneity of the local and regional beach administration, can be investigated moreefficiently by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology.The author found that the administrators personal ideology in relation to the ideology expressedby the law is of importance in the daily practice. He also show how the two mainparts of Strandskyddslagen contribute to the development of two identifiable approaches inthe civil servants practice. This finding he connects with the development of professional staffcultures. Eventually the thesis discuss the importance of interior communication betweendifferent levels of the administration and underpin the rising cost problem when municipalitiesare delegated the main responsibility for mirroring the beaches. This leading to a tendencyof a growing appearance of corporate influence on local public politics regarding exploitationof land close to beaches.The author propose a closer communication between regional and municipal environment-and building administrators. He emphasizes the importance of transparency, communicationand education at both the regional, local administrative and political level of the beachadministration.

Global capital is transforming the spaces in which we live, thereby transforming culture: this thesis challenges a set of liberal assumptions about culture and cultural transformation by elaborating upon this very hypothesis. Specifically, it argues that cultural identities are being formed in global cities, where disjunctive global flows of cultural, financial, technological, ideological, and human capital intersect. These global flows are creating cultural contexts of choice that can be as central to individual and group identities as national institutions or inherited or native cultural norms. And as these modern contexts of choice emancipate the imagination from the influence of national institutions, they enable peculiar new forms of agency. I use Arjun Appadurai’s notion of imagination and his model of “scapes”—cultural landscapes formed by intersecting flows of capital—to explain how the global is becoming the decisive framework for social life. In contrast, I use Will Kymlicka’s model of multicultural citizenship and Jeremy Waldron’s model of cosmopolitanism primarily to demonstrate the limits of a class of liberal theories of cultural accommodation that oversimplify the relationship of the individual to culture, and of culture to modernity, and which ignore the role of “scapes” in constituting cultural identities. To conclude, I propose an alternative, three- dimensional and ultimately non-comparative treatment of culture inspired by Henri Lefebvre’s concept of the right to the city. / Graduate

Czech animated allegories of the period of 1946 to 2012 encode their political ideas in objects and things, rather than through conventional narrative techniques such as voice-over or dialogue. The existence of these objects in cinematic time and space is integral to this process of political encoding, which is achieved through the selection of objects, cinematography and editing. In some of these films, time and space themselves are politically encoded. Materialist critical approaches to the film texts can help illuminate these latent political meanings. 'Thing theory', which puts a critical emphasis upon reading objects and things, exposes the politically resistant role of simple, domestic objects in the films of Jiří Trnka and Hermína Týrlová. Trnka's cinema in particular defends traditional, pastoral modes of being in which the individual is rooted within their environment. 'Actor-network-theory', a means of interrogating the relationship between actors in networks, resonates with the political ideas present in the cinema of Surrealist artist Jan Švankmajer. Švankmajer's central political project is an interrogation of anthropocentrism and attempts by humans to exert systems of control and order upon non-human actors. Rather than celebrating functional, domestic objects like Trnka or Týrlová, Švankmajer's cinema is radically anti-utilitarian. Objects are depicted as things that resist categorisation. 'Rhythmanalysis' – a mode of poetic-scientific investigation developed by philosopher Henri Lefebvre – can be used to unpick the rhythms in the animations of Jirí Barta. Barta's films critique rational clock time and the design of urban spaces through the use of editing patterns and repetition. Finally, all three materialist approaches in combination help illustrate the political content of animated films (and live-action films with significant passages of animation) produced in the wake of the Velvet Revolution. Such films often question the relationship between the individual Czech citizen and the Czech capital city of Prague. The animated films of the aforementioned directors and historical periods, tend to give precedence to the material world of objects over the semiotic world of humans, though these two realms are often shown to be inter-dependent. To this end, the political messages of the films are conveyed not through language, but through images and things.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T19:44:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahDeAndradeEAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 15836321 bytes, checksum: 563db1cb792c82318fd2bb897d88531f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-05T21:23:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahDeAndradeEAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 15836321 bytes, checksum: 563db1cb792c82318fd2bb897d88531f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T21:23:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SarahDeAndradeEAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 15836321 bytes, checksum: 563db1cb792c82318fd2bb897d88531f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida, trata das possibilidades de apropria??o do habitat concebido pelo Programa de Loca??o Social (PLS), implementado no ?mbito da Prefeitura Municipal de S?o Paulo (PMSP), por seus habitantes. Orientada pelo referencial te?rico-metodol?gico do fil?sofo e soci?logo franc?s Henri Lefebvre (1958; 1970; 1974; 2002; 2001, 2008; 2013) e pela aplica??o do m?todo de an?lise do discurso desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores do Instituto [franc?s] de Sociologia Urbana (ISU), investiga a rela??o entre a ?palavra do habitante? (RAYMOND, 2001; HAUMONT, 2001, RAYMOND et. al, 2001) e a apropria??o da loca??o social em S?o Paulo. O m?todo aqui relido e aplicado faz uso de entrevistas abertas/n?o estruturadas ? complementadas por nossa observa??o in loco e registro fotogr?fico - para a apreens?o do espa?o percebido pelos habitantes do referido programa, entendendo que esta ferramenta coloca em posi??o de centralidade e d? voz ao agente principal da pesquisa: o habitante. Assim, o recorte espacial de nosso campo emp?rico abrange quatro dos seis empreendimentos viabilizados pelo mesmo entre 2002 e 2015, sendo eles a Vila dos Idosos, o Residencial Olarias, o Edif?cio Senador Feij? e o Palacete dos Artistas. A utiliza??o de uma abordagem qualitativa e, especificamente, a aplica??o do m?todo palavra do habitante possibilitou a formula??o de diversas conclus?es que extrapolam a hip?tese inicialmente formulada de que a reafirma??o do valor da propriedade privada pelas pol?ticas habitacionais brasileiras, fragilizaria as possibilidades de apropria??o do habitat de loca??o social. Essa quest?o se coloca como um dos entraves ? apropria??o do habitat fundamentado no aluguel e, do ponto de vista qualitativo e quantitativo, tamb?m est?o presentes no discurso dos habitantes, os conflitos resultantes da descontinuidade no acompanhamento s?cioeducativo aos benefici?rios do Programa e seu abandono pelas gest?es que se sucedem na PMSP entre 2005 e 2013. Por outro lado, nos empreendimentos onde as fam?lias e ind?viduos est?o engajados em movimentos sociais de luta por moradia e estes atuam como uma ponte entre os habitantes e os ?rg?os p?blicos de gest?o dos empreendimentos, se evidenciam as possibilidades de supera??o dos conflitos e condu??o ? apropria??o do habitat. Ao longo dos caminhos aqui trilhados, descortinamos tamb?m a apropria??o dos idosos pelo habitat em loca??o social, que n?o compartilham do sonho da casa pr?pria. / This research verses about the possibilities of habitat appropriation conceded by Social Tenancy Program (PLS), implemented in the sphere of the S?o Paulo City Hall, by its inhabitants. Oriented by the theories and methods of the french sociologist and philosopher Henri Lefebvre (1958; 1970; 1974; 2002; 2001; 2008; 2013) and by the application of the discourse analysis method developed by researches of the French Urban Sociology Institute (ISU), the current research investigates the relationship between the ?inhabitant?s word? (RAYMOND, 2001; HAUMONT, 2001, RAYMOND et. al, 2001) and the appropriation of social tenancy in S?o Paulo. The method here employed and reviewed makes use of open and non-structured interviews ? complemented by field observation and photographic registers ? for the setting of the space perceived by those contemplated by the Program, understanding that this tool brings to the fore the main agent of this research: the inhabitant. Thus, the spatial limits of our empirical field embraces four of the six buildings contemplated by the program between 2002 and 2015, being the Vila dos Idosos, Residencial Olarias, Senador Feij? Building and the Palacete dos Artistas. The use of a qualitative and, specifically, the application of the method ?inhabitant?s word, made possible the formulation of several conclusions that go beyond the initial hypothesis that said that the reaffirming of the private propriety value by brazilian habitational policies would bring frailty to the possibilities of social tenancy of habitat appropriation. This matter presents itself as one of the difficulties for the appropriation of habitat by rent and, from qualitative and quantitative points of view, they are also present in the inhabitants? discourse, the resulting conflicts from the cancelling of the socio-educative accompaniment of the ones contemplated by the Program and its abandon by the successive terms in the City Hall between 2005 and 2013. On the other hand, in the buildings that there are families and individuals that are engaged in social movements for livelihood, they act as a bridge that links the inhabitants and the public management of the buildings, and is also noticed the possibilities of conflict solving and appropriation of habitat. Throughout this research we also verse about the appropriation of habitats by the elderly population in social tenancy, who share not the dream to own a house.

The study takes its point of departure in the urgent problem of slums that follow on the rapid urbanisation worldwide. Focusing on the small informal settlement of Kambi Moto in Nairobi, Kenya, the study tries to answer the question of how power can be worked out in slum upgrading – a way to change the physical environment of a slum without demolishing and rebuilding the whole settlement. The theoretical tool to answer this question is taken from Edward Soja’s reading of Henry Lefebvre in the concept Thirdspace – an extended and politicised way to look at space, where space is not only seen as a stage for historical and social processes, but as something that is shaping our thoughts and actions; a social space that includes and goes beyond the material Firstspace and the mental Secondspace. From a spatialized reading of history today’s situation – where 60 % of the population of Nairobi live in informal settlements – is traced back to the ideological structuring of space in the colonial cityplans. The informal settlements are established as a Thirdspace: both a negative outcome of the dominating Secondspace of the colonial administration and as a counterspace, where traditional ways of life could live on and where revolutionary movements could grow. The study then focus on how the two scales to view the city, the macro and the micro, are resolved in the Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a global network of local federations that organizes slum dwellers. The network empowers the individual slum dweller in making him/her an actor in a peer to peer exchange, and also creates a social space for political struggle. This is manifested in Muungano wa Wanavijiji, a citywide movement for a collective struggle for spatial rights, empowering the slum dwellers in taking charge of the social production of human spatiality. In a case study of a slum upgrading effort in Kambi Moto the shifting of power from the government, international organisations and professionals to the lived Thirdspace of the habitants, as well as the internal power relations within the community, are looked at in a concrete situation.

This paper focuses on the concept of right to the city and tries to link it to the topic of spatial planning in Prague. It introduces the view on the world of global neoliberalism, which comes from critical social geography and was elaborated especially by David Harvey, but originates from the French philosopher Henri Lefebvre. Through the optics of this approach the paper tries to grasp the complex problems of spatial planning on the example of Prague. Through a qualitative questioning of the representatives of CSO's, the paper attempts to show the relevance of the concept for public participation in decision making in urban development. The thesis presents a fundamental critical frame of theories, which evaluates the condition of society in the stage of late neoliberalism, and also the basic approaches to the city in social theory including the context of post-socialism. From these it continues to the analysis of urban space presenting a belief, which gives to the inhabitants of a city the right to make decisions about its shape instead of the capital. It puts emphasis on demarcation of the role of social movements and also the concept of place attachment, which becomes one of the key determinants for the involvement of inhabitants into the processes of urban development. The paper uses the...