The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an eight-week weight training program upon leg strength and running speed of middle-school-age boys.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of cycling exercise at different intensities and rest intervals on strength performance. Ten males, engaged in concurrent training for at least one month prior to testing, comprised the subject group for this study. Results show only leg press torque and leg press work to be decreased after cardiorespiratory exercise of moderate intensity. Leg extension average power, chest press torque, chest press power, and chest press work after cycling were not decreased from pre-exercise values. No significant effects were found for exercise intensity, testing times, or intensity by testing times. These results indicate that lower body strength is decreased by cycling and that one hour is not sufficient to restore leg strength.

Introduction: Chronic diseases can be prevented and improved by regular physical activity and reduced sedentary time. An adequate leg strength and leg function in treatment and prevention of these disease is something to strive for. To the Lifestyle Reception at Karlskoga Hospital are patients with mild to moderate mental illness referred where a new method Self-measurement tests of leg strength is used, containing 30 seconds chair-stand test, squat, heel rise and maximal step-up test, aiming to simple training and indicating an objective measure of leg strength. Objective: To describe the group of patients referred to the Lifestyle Reception and investigate change of leg strength/leg function using Self-measurement tests, self-rated health and self-rated physical function following 12 weeks of intervention. Methods: A clinical intervention study of 29 patients referred to the Lifestyle Reception at Karlskoga Hospital between Nov 2017 and March 2018. They participated in an intervention consisting of group training twice a week for 12 weeks. A sign-in and a sign-out interview was carried out where data (tests and a questionnaire) of the study was collected. Result: 29 patients (24 women / 5 men) participated. The mean age was 39 years and the mean BMI was 31 (corresponding to obesity). All patients were on sick leave to some extent. The theoretical individual maximal step-up height (% -tMSH) improved from 65% to 75% (p <0.001). The patients could on average do 5.5 more 30s-chair-stand-test (p <0.001) and the proportion who managed to do squats without support increased from 57% to 90%. Significant improvements were seen for the self-rated health (p <0.001) and also for the HAD scale (anxiety p = 0.012; depression p = 0.04). However, the improvement of the self-rated physical function was not significant. Conclusion: Significant improvements in all four self-tests of leg strength / leg function could be measured after the intervention as well as a significant improvement of self-rated health. Self-measurement test of leg strength is considered to be a simple and useful test method in clinical practice.

<p>Fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga och minska åldersrelaterade fysiologiska och psykologiska förändringar. Effekterna av funktionell träning för äldre är dåligt studerat. I Sörmland pågår ett fallpreventionsprojekt som syftar till att halvera antalet höftfrakturer till år 2012. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om äldres balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy, en persons grad av självtillit att utföra en specifik aktivitet framgångsrikt, påverkades av att göra fem uppresningar från sittande till stående två gånger om dagen under fyra veckor. En intervention genomfördes med 23 deltagare på ett servicehus/äldreboende. Test genomfördes innan och efter interventionen. Mätinstrumenten var Timed Up and Go (TUG) för balans, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) för self-efficacy och 30- seconds chair stand för benstyrka. Komparativ statistik med parametriskt test användes för att analysera skillnader inom gruppen. Resultatet av interventionen visade en signifikant ökad balans och benstyrka, men oförändrad self-efficacy. Författarna rekommenderar att servicehuset/äldreboendet bibehåller rutinen med fem uppresningar två gånger om dagen, men ytterligare studier med större deltagarantal, längre interventionstid, en kontrollgrupp och uppföljning behövs för att styrka och generalisera resultatet till fler verksamheter.</p> / <p>Physical activity can prevent and reduce age-related physiological and psychological changes. The effects of functional training on older people are poorly studied. A prevention programme in the county of Sörmland is underway, which aims to halve the number of hip fractures by 2012. The aim of this study was to examine whether the balance, leg strength and self-efficacy, a person's degree of self-confidence to perform a specific task successfully, of elderly persons was affected by performing five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day during a four weeks period. An intervention was received by 23 participants in a service/residential home. Testing was conducted before and after the intervention. The measuring tools used were Timed Up and Go (TUG) for balance, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) for self-efficacy and 30- seconds chair stand for leg strength. Comparative statistics with parametric test were used to analyze differences within the group. The results showed significant increased balance and leg strength, however self-efficacy was unchanged. The authors recommend that the service/residential home maintain the routine of five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day, although further studies with a more participants, longer intervention time, a control group and follow up are needed to verify and generalize the results to other areas.</p>

Fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga och minska åldersrelaterade fysiologiska och psykologiska förändringar. Effekterna av funktionell träning för äldre är dåligt studerat. I Sörmland pågår ett fallpreventionsprojekt som syftar till att halvera antalet höftfrakturer till år 2012. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om äldres balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy, en persons grad av självtillit att utföra en specifik aktivitet framgångsrikt, påverkades av att göra fem uppresningar från sittande till stående två gånger om dagen under fyra veckor. En intervention genomfördes med 23 deltagare på ett servicehus/äldreboende. Test genomfördes innan och efter interventionen. Mätinstrumenten var Timed Up and Go (TUG) för balans, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) för self-efficacy och 30- seconds chair stand för benstyrka. Komparativ statistik med parametriskt test användes för att analysera skillnader inom gruppen. Resultatet av interventionen visade en signifikant ökad balans och benstyrka, men oförändrad self-efficacy. Författarna rekommenderar att servicehuset/äldreboendet bibehåller rutinen med fem uppresningar två gånger om dagen, men ytterligare studier med större deltagarantal, längre interventionstid, en kontrollgrupp och uppföljning behövs för att styrka och generalisera resultatet till fler verksamheter. / Physical activity can prevent and reduce age-related physiological and psychological changes. The effects of functional training on older people are poorly studied. A prevention programme in the county of Sörmland is underway, which aims to halve the number of hip fractures by 2012. The aim of this study was to examine whether the balance, leg strength and self-efficacy, a person's degree of self-confidence to perform a specific task successfully, of elderly persons was affected by performing five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day during a four weeks period. An intervention was received by 23 participants in a service/residential home. Testing was conducted before and after the intervention. The measuring tools used were Timed Up and Go (TUG) for balance, Falls Efficacy Scale Swedish version (FES(s)) for self-efficacy and 30- seconds chair stand for leg strength. Comparative statistics with parametric test were used to analyze differences within the group. The results showed significant increased balance and leg strength, however self-efficacy was unchanged. The authors recommend that the service/residential home maintain the routine of five sitting-to-standing exercises twice a day, although further studies with a more participants, longer intervention time, a control group and follow up are needed to verify and generalize the results to other areas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nordic hamstring strength training (NHST) program on (1) leg power, (2) vertical jump, (3) and knee proprioception measurements of 10-12 years old male basketball players. Nordic Hamstring Strength Training (NHST) group (N=16), participated in basketball training plus in Nordic hamstring strength training, while the control group (N=11) participated in basketball training only. Subjects were tested before and after 5-week training program for, vertical jump, isokinetic leg strength and knee proprioception. Each subject who agreed to participate in this investigation signed a consent form along their parent. Pre and post test differences between experimental and control group was investigated by MANOVA and paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the differences between pre and post tests of both groups. There was no significant difference in pre and post test results of NHST and control group. There were statistically significant increase in concentric quadriceps and hamstring strength, eccentric quadriceps strength, conventional H:Q strength ratio, and vertical jumping measurements in experimental group between the pre and post tests. It can be concluded that NHST program combine with basketball training has beneficial effects on the leg strength and H:Q strength ratio. These findings also suggest that hamstring exercise may be beneficial or helpful for preventing the hamstring injury occurrence and improving the physical performances such as jumping ability.

Skridskoåkning är en avgörande faktor för prestation i ishockey och styrka (i nedre extremitet) är i sin tur avgörande för hur snabb spelaren är på isen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan power off-ice och skidskosnabbhet på is. Sju män 19.5 ± 0.5 år vid ett gymnasium ställde upp i studien och genomförde ett testbatteri bestående av Ishockeyförbundets styrketester samt Effektmätning vid knäböj. Variabler i dessa styrketester korrelerades sedan mot deltagarnas resultat i skridskotestet Acceleration &amp; Speed för att bestämma vilka styrkevariabler som är relevanta för skridskosnabbhet. Resultaten visade signifikanta samband mellan absolut styrka i frivändning och tid på total skridskosträcka (ρ=0.77, p&lt;0.05) samt hastighetssträckan (ρ=0.77, p=&lt;0.05). Signifikant samband kunde även påvisas mellan relativ styrka i frivändning och hastighetssträckan (ρ=0.71, p&lt;0.05). Slutsatsen av denna studie är att delar av testbatteriet är relevant för att anskaffa information om en spelares maximala åkhastighet. / Skating is a key factor for a successful ice hockey player and strength in the lower extremity is therefore a crucial factor for determination of a players speed on the ice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between power, tested off-ice, and skating speed on ice. Seven male ice hockey players aged 19.5 ± 0.5 years were recruited from a local highschool. They completed a test battery consisting of the Swedish Ice hockey associations strength tests and power measurements in squat. In order to determine which strength variable is the most relevant to skating speed the strength variables were correlated to the results in a skating test called Acceleration and Speed. The results showed significant correlations between 1RM in clean and time on total distance (ρ=0.77, p&lt;0.05) and velocity (ρ=0.77, p=&lt;0.05) in the skating test. A significant correlation was also found between relative strength in clean and velocity (ρ=0.71, p&lt;0.05). The conclusion of this study was that parts of the testing battery is relevant for use when collecting information on a players maximum skating speed.

No description available.

Introduktion  Fallolyckor är den vanligaste typen av olycka hos äldre personer och det finns behov av nya fallpreventiva åtgärder där fysisk träning med mobilapplikation är en möjlighet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om träningsmängden påverkar effekten av ett års fallpreventiv träning med mobilapplikation för äldre personer i ordinärt boende mätt i funktionell benstyrka, upplevd balans och benstyrka samt fallrädsla och hälsorelaterad livskvalité hos äldre personer.  Metod  Deltagarna medverkade i ett större projekt där de under ett år erbjudits fallpreventiv träning med en mobilapplikation. Innan studiens start samt efter 12 månader besvarades en enkät som behandlade bland annat ett 30 sekunders uppresningstest för funktionell benstyrka, upplevd balans, upplevd benstyrka, fallrädsla och hälsorelaterad livskvalité. Vid 12 månader skattade deltagarna även sin genomsnittliga träningsmängd under de senaste tre månaderna. Deltagarna delades in i grupper efter träningsmängd; ingen träning (n=13), &lt;30 minuter (n=31), 30-59 minuter (n=13), ≥60 minuter (n=25). Effekten av träningen jämfördes mellan grupperna med hjälp av Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Resultat 82 deltagare inkluderades i denna studie, de hade en medelålder på 76 år, varav 72% var kvinnor. Gruppen som tränat ≥60 minuter hade signifikant förbättrad funktionell benstyrka samt upplevd benstyrka i dagsläget i jämförelse med hur den var för ett år sedan vid jämförelse med gruppen som tränat &lt;30 minuter. De som tränat ≥60 minuter visade även en signifikant förbättring i upplevd balans i dagsläget i jämförelse med ett år sedan gentemot gruppen som inte tränat alls samt gruppen som tränat &lt;30. Inga signifikanta gruppskillnader sågs i fallrädsla eller hälsorelaterad livskvalité. Konklusion Fallpreventiv träning som utförs ≥60 minuter i veckan ger signifikanta förbättringar i jämförelse med mindre träningsmängd gällande funktionell benstyrka samt upplevd balans och benstyrka i jämförelse med för ett år sedan.

<p>Циљ рада: Циљ истраживања је да се утврди разлика у акутним ефектима статичког (СИ) и динамичког истезања (ДИ), у комбинацији са специфичним кошаркашким загревањем (СКЗ), на флексибилност, експлозивну снагу ногу, брзину, агилност и неуромишићну адаптацију кошаркаша јуниорског узраста.</p><p>Методе: Истраживање у оквиру ове докторске тезе су чинила два одвојена експеримента, један спроведен у теренским условима, и други спроведен у лабораторијским. Оба су била &bdquo;cross-over&ldquo; дизајна. У теренском експерименту је учествовало 46 кошаркаша (узраста 17&plusmn;0,83 година), док је у лабораторијском учествовало 12 (узраста 17,7&plusmn;0,49 година). У теренском експерименту су тестиране четири моторичке способности. За процену флексибилности коришћен је тест досезања у седећем претклону, експлозивна снага ногу је процењивана уз помоћ вертикалног скока са контактне плоче, брзина трчањем на 20 метара, док је Т тест коришћен за процену агилности. У лабораторијском експерименту је као мера неурофизиолошке адаптације коришћена промена ексцитабилности &alpha;-мотонеурона, која је представљена као однос Хофмановог (Х) рефлекса и М таласа (Х/М). За њихово одређивање се користио Medelec ST-10 стимулатор (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Површинске електромиографске електроде су биле постављене на унутрашњој глави m.gastrocnemius-a одскочне ноге, применом тзв. &bdquo;belly-tendon&ldquo; монтаже. Као третмани, у оба експеримента су коришћени протокол статичког и протокол динамичког истезања, уз комбинацију са специфичним кошаркашким загревањем. Мерења су се у оба експеримента изводила у 3 временске тачке и то пре протокола истезања, одмах након протокола истезања (а пре специфичног кошаркашког загревања) и одмах након специфичног кошаркашког загревања.</p><p>Резултати: Резултати истраживања показују да постоје одређене разлике акутних ефеката комбинација протокола СИ+СКЗ и ДИ+СКЗ. Комбинација протокола СИ+СКЗ је повољније утицала на експлозивну снагу ногу и на агилност кошаркаша јуниорског узраста. Ефекти обе комбинације протокола су били готово идентични на флексибилност, а разлика је изостала и у ефектима на брзину, иако је пре СКЗ био&nbsp;уочљив негативан ефекат СИ. Однос Х/М се значајно разликовао одмах након истезања, када је СИ значајно оборило однос, али су се те разлике изгубиле након примене СКЗ.</p><p>Закључак: Посматрајући ефекте комбинације протокола СИ+СКЗ и ДИ+СКЗ на моторичке способности и неуромишићну адаптацију кошаркаша јуниорског узраста, може се закључити да је примена СИ+СКЗ препоручљивија у свакодневном тренингу и такмичењу.</p> / <p>Cilj rada: Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi razlika u akutnim efektima statičkog (SI) i dinamičkog istezanja (DI), u kombinaciji sa specifičnim košarkaškim zagrevanjem (SKZ), na fleksibilnost, eksplozivnu snagu nogu, brzinu, agilnost i neuromišićnu adaptaciju košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta.</p><p>Metode: Istraživanje u okviru ove doktorske teze su činila dva odvojena eksperimenta, jedan sproveden u terenskim uslovima, i drugi sproveden u laboratorijskim. Oba su bila &bdquo;cross-over&ldquo; dizajna. U terenskom eksperimentu je učestvovalo 46 košarkaša (uzrasta 17&plusmn;0,83 godina), dok je u laboratorijskom učestvovalo 12 (uzrasta 17,7&plusmn;0,49 godina). U terenskom eksperimentu su testirane četiri motoričke sposobnosti. Za procenu fleksibilnosti korišćen je test dosezanja u sedećem pretklonu, eksplozivna snaga nogu je procenjivana uz pomoć vertikalnog skoka sa kontaktne ploče, brzina trčanjem na 20 metara, dok je T test korišćen za procenu agilnosti. U laboratorijskom eksperimentu je kao mera neurofiziološke adaptacije korišćena promena ekscitabilnosti &alpha;-motoneurona, koja je predstavljena kao odnos Hofmanovog (H) refleksa i M talasa (H/M). Za njihovo određivanje se koristio Medelec ST-10 stimulator (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Površinske elektromiografske elektrode su bile postavljene na unutrašnjoj glavi m.gastrocnemius-a odskočne noge, primenom tzv. &bdquo;belly-tendon&ldquo; montaže. Kao tretmani, u oba eksperimenta su korišćeni protokol statičkog i protokol dinamičkog istezanja, uz kombinaciju sa specifičnim košarkaškim zagrevanjem. Merenja su se u oba eksperimenta izvodila u 3 vremenske tačke i to pre protokola istezanja, odmah nakon protokola istezanja (a pre specifičnog košarkaškog zagrevanja) i odmah nakon specifičnog košarkaškog zagrevanja.</p><p>Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoje određene razlike akutnih efekata kombinacija protokola SI+SKZ i DI+SKZ. Kombinacija protokola SI+SKZ je povoljnije uticala na eksplozivnu snagu nogu i na agilnost košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta. Efekti obe kombinacije protokola su bili gotovo identični na fleksibilnost, a razlika je izostala i u efektima na brzinu, iako je pre SKZ bio&nbsp;uočljiv negativan efekat SI. Odnos H/M se značajno razlikovao odmah nakon istezanja, kada je SI značajno oborilo odnos, ali su se te razlike izgubile nakon primene SKZ.</p><p>Zaključak: Posmatrajući efekte kombinacije protokola SI+SKZ i DI+SKZ na motoričke sposobnosti i neuromišićnu adaptaciju košarkaša juniorskog uzrasta, može se zaključiti da je primena SI+SKZ preporučljivija u svakodnevnom treningu i takmičenju.</p> / <p>Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference of acute effects of static stretching (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS), in combination with specific basketball warm-up (SBWU), on flexibility, explosive leg strength, speed, agility and neuromuscular adaptation of basketball players U18.</p><p>Methods: This study consisted of two separated experiments, first in field conditions, and second conducted in laboratory. Both had &bdquo;cross-over&ldquo; design. Forty-six basketball players (age: 17&plusmn;0,83 years) participated in field experiment, while twelve participated in laboratory experiment (age 17,7&plusmn;0,49 years). In field experiment, four motor abilities were tested. Seat and rech test was used for the evaluation of flexibility, explosive leg strength was evaluated by vertical jump from contact plate, speed by 20m run, and T test was used for agility testing. In laboratory experiment, the excitability of &alpha;-motoneuron was taken for the evaluation of neuromuscular adaptation. It is presented as a ratio of the maximal amplitudes of Hoffman (H) reflex and M wave (H/M). For their determining we used Medelec ST-10 stimulator (Medelec, Old Woking, UK). Surface electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were placed over the m.gastrocnemius medialis, and Achilles tendon, in a &bdquo;belly-tendon&ldquo; montage. In both experiments, SS protocol and DS protocol, in the combination with SBWU, were used as a treatment. Measures were taken in 3 time points: before the stretching, immediately after stretching (and before SBWU) and immediately after the SBWU.</p><p>Results: Results of this study showed that there are certain differences in acute effects of combination of protocols SS+SBWU and DS+SBWU. Combination of protocols SS+SBWU had more positive influence on explosive leg strength and agility of U18 basketball players. The effects of both protocols were almost the same on flexibility, and there was no noticeable difference in effects on speed, although before SBWU there was significant negative of SS. Immediately after the stretching there was significant difference in H/M ratio, it was significantly lower after the SS, but after the application of SBWU, differences disappeared.<br />&nbsp;<br />Conlcusion: Regarding the effects of SS+SBWU and DS+SBWU protocols on motor abilities and neuromuscular adaptation of U18 basketball players, it could be concluded that the use of SS+SBWU is more preferrable in everyday practice and competition.</p>