Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries play an extremely important role in a multilingual society; they can be perceived as the key instruments in the communication between different groups and speech communities. Efficient and active communication between different cultural groups is essential in the South African environment. Culture-bound lexical items and the way they are treated in bilingual dictionaries can have a great influence on this process of communication. It is evident that the misrepresentation of culture-bound lexical items in bilingual dictionaries could seriously impede communication rather than enhance it. It is of great importance that lexicographers should provide users of the dictionary with adequate guidance in their treatment of these items. In order to equip the user with the necessary skills and knowledge, the treatment of culture-bound items should go beyond the mere provision of a translation equivalent. Translation equivalents should be supplemented and supported by illustrative markers, labels, glosses, usage notes and pictorial illustrations could be of use. The particular needs of a multilingual society imply certain adaptations to the structure and nature of a bilingual dictionary. The bilingual dictionary should be adapted in terms of form, content as well as structure in order to be able to present and treat a representative amount of cultural data in a comprehensive manner. The material used for the dictionary basis should be representative of the culture of the speakers; the linguistic and cultural reality that confronts the speakers daily should be reflected in the dictionary, language contact and change should be acknowledged. Many South African languages still have a strong tradition of oral literature and the relation of oral and written texts should be represented realistically in the dictionary basis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vertalende woordeboeke speel 'n sleutelrol in die veeltalige omgewing. Hulle is naamlik van kamidale belang in die kommunikasie tussen verskillende taalgemeenskappe. In die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is effektiewe kommunikasie en oop kanale tussen verskillende groepe van kardinale belang. Kultuurspesifieke leksikale items en die opname en hantering van hierdie items in vertalende woordeboeke kan 'n groot invloed uitoefen op die proses van kommunikasie tussen verskillende taalgemeenskappe. Onakkurate of onvoldoende hantering van hierdie items kan ernstige misverstande tot gevolg hê en sodoende skade doen aan die proses van kommunikasie. Leksikograwe moet die gebruiker van die woordeboek voldoende leiding gee rakende die betekenis en gebruik van kultuurspesifieke leksikale items. Die gebruiker moet ook in 'n woordeboek leiding kry om die kulturele konteks van 'n gespreksituasie te kan begryp. Die hantering van kultuurspesifieke leksikale items in vertalende woordeboeke moet meer behels as die voorsiening van vertaalekwivalente. Dit moet vir die gebruiker van die woordeboek moontlik wees om kennis van die kultuur van 'n ander taalgemeenskap op te doen, asook om sy of haar kommunikasievaardighede te ontwikkel deur die gebruik van die woordeboek. Om dit te bewerkstellig, is dit nodig dat die vertaalekwivalente wat vir kultuurspesifieke leksikale items voorsien word, aangevul word deur onder andere merkers, etikette, glosse, gebruiksnotas en illustrasies. Die behoeftes van die gebruiker van die vertalende woordeboek in die veeltalige omgewing impliseer dat daar sekere aanpassings gemaak moet word aan die aard en struktuur van die vertalende woordeboek. Die vertalende woordeboek wat gemik is op 'n gebruiker in 'n veeltalige en multikulturele omgewing, moet in terme van die vorm, inhoud en struktuur aangepas word om sodoende 'n verteenwoordigende hoeveelheid van kulturele data op 'n omvattende, sinvolle wyse te kan aanbied. Die materiaal wat vir die basis van die woordeboek gebruik word, moet verteenwoordigend wees van die kultuur van die sprekers. Die woordeboek moet die werklikheid waarmee die gebruiker daagliks gekonfronteer word, in die aanbieding van data en die samestelling van die sentrale woordelys reflekteer. Die tradisie van orale letterkunde speel vandag nog 'n daadwerklike rol in die lewe van baie Suid Afrikaners en dit moet ook in die woordeboek verreken word.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Groot hoeveelheid navorsing is die afgelope paar dekades gedoen oor aanleerderwoordeboeke as tipologiese woordeboekonderafdeling. Ondanks al hierdie navorsing is die rol van aanleerderwoordeboeke in tersiêre taalleer met nultaalsprekers as teikengroep nog nie naastenby na behore ondersoek nie. Navorsing toon dat ’n goed gekose woordeboek, naas die opvoedkundige, ’n belangrike hulpmiddel is om die taalverwerwingsproses te verryk. Daar bestaan tans nie ’n eentalige of tweetalige aanleerderwoordeboek wat spesifiek gerig is op nultaalsprekers wat Afrikaans op tersiêre vlak aanleer nie. Taalverwerwingsdosente en taalfasiliteerders moet dus die gaping ten beste probeer vul deur woordeboeke soos Pharos se Aanleerderswoordeboek vir skole/Learner’s dictionary for schools en Longman-HAT se Afrikaans Dictionary and Grammar for English speakers vir hierdie aanleerders voor te skryf. Die hoofdoelwitte van hierdie studie kan soos volg opgesom word: om die mate te meet waarin hierdie “kompenserende” woordeboeke die leksikografiese behoeftes van nultaalsprekers op tersiêre vlak bevredig, om terugvoer van die teikengebruikers self te kry en om voorstelle te maak vir die moontlike samestelling van ’n aanleerderwoordeboek vir nultaalsprekers wat Afrikaans as derde of verdere taal op universiteitsvlak aanleer. Die studie is aanvanklik uitgevoer met die Funksieteorie as uitgangspunt, maar ook later gekombineer met die Algemene Teorie van Leksikografie, byvoorbeeld Wiegand (1998), as raamwerk. Taalverwerwingskursusse verskil van universiteit tot universiteit en dus is slegs die algemene en belangrikste leksikografiese behoeftes van hierdie nultaalsprekers bepaal. Die rede vir die analisering van hierdie spesifieke twee woordeboeke is omdat dit onderskeidelik voorgeskryf word by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en die Nelson Mandela Metropolitaanse Universiteit. Die mate waarin ’n spesifieke woordeboek voldoen aan die bevrediging van ’n sekere teikengroep se leksikografiese behoeftes word nie slegs deur die leksikograaf bepaal nie, maar ook deur die teikengebruiker. Die huidige woordeboekkultuur is vasgestel deur die Nasionale Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (NKAV), wat tans in die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolsisteem gevolg word, onder die vergrootglas te bring. Op grond hiervan word voorstelle vir formele woordeboekonderrig op universiteitsvlak gemaak, wat beide algemene en spesifieke woordeboekonderrig insluit. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A great amount of research has been done during the past few decades on the typological dictionary subsection of learner’s dictionaries. Despite all of this research, the role of learner’s dictionaries in tertiary language teaching with foreign learners as the target group has not been researched quite enough. Research shows that a well-chosen dictionary is the next best resource after the facilitator to enchance the language learning process. There are currently no monolingual or bilingual learner’s dictionaries specifically targeting foreign learners who are learning Afrikaans at a tertiary level. Educators and facilitators must thus compensate by prescribing learner’s dictionaries such as Pharos’s Aanleerderswoordeboek vir skole/Learner’s dictionary for schools and Longman-HAT’s Afrikaans Dictionary and Grammar for English speakers for these learners. The main goals of the undertaken study can be summarized as follows: to measure to what extent these types of “compensating” dictionaries can succeed in satisfying the lexicographical needs of foreign learners at a tertiary level, to get feedback from the target users themselves and to make suggestions for the possible composition of a learner’s dictionary for foreign students learning Afrikaans as third language at university level. The study was initially conducted using the Function Theory as point of departure, and later combined with the General Theory of Lexicography, e.g. Wiegand (1998), as framework. Language acquisition courses differ from university to university and thus only the general, most important lexicographical needs of these foreign learners were determined. The reason for the analyses of these specific two learner’s dictionaries is because they are prescribed for foreign students learning Afrikaans as third language respectively at, the University of Stellenbosch and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The degree to which a certain dictionary succeeds in satisfying the lexicographical needs of a specific target group does not only depend on the lexicographer, but also on the target group itself. The current dictionary culture in South Africa was brought to light through reviewing the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS), which is currently being followed in the South African school system. On this basis, suggestions are made for formal dictionary education at tertiary level which includes general and specific dictionary education.

Dissertation (DLitt)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dictionaries available in the Gabonese languages are all translation dictionaries biased towards French and compiled by missionaries and colonial administrators. No proper monolingual dictionaries exist in the Gabonese languages. There is therefore a need for monolingual dictionaries in the Gabonese languages, particularly in Yipunu, one of the Bantu languages (B 43) spoken in the South of Gabon. Yipunu is a regional vehicular language or a major or majority language. Yipunu is a domestic language i.e spoken inside Bapunu communities or a mother tongue or first language and Yipunu is also taught as subject in the national educational system. As a response to this need, this dissertation proposes metalexicographic criteria for the compilation of a standard descriptive monolingual dictionary with special reference to Yipunu. The proposed model focuses primarily on the inclusion and the treatment of the standard variety of Yipunu and to a lesser degree on the other varieties. Such a model is directed at a dictionary primarily dealing with the needs of the average, educated members of the Yipunu speech community, the mother-tongue speakers, and also designed for experienced and advanced learners of Yipunu and their teachers. This study aims to point out how important standard descriptive monolingual dictionaries are in general and specifically in the case of African Bantu languages. This study also aims to highlight the importance for Gabonese lexicographers to adopt modern lexicographical principles in dictionary compilation such as the user-driven dictionary and the corpus-based dictionary. This model, although devised for Yipunu, will eventually serve as model for the design of standard descriptive dictionaries in all Gabonese languages. This study provides information about the content and the structures of such a dictionary and is structured as follows: Chapter 1 focuses on introducing and contextualising the research. It presents the linguistic situation in Gabon with reference to the status of Yipunu. It also shows the importance and the relevance of the research and gives the theoretical basis, methodology, hypotheses and objectives underlying the study. Chapter 2 criticises the lexicographic works in Yipunu in order to improve the quality of future Yipunu dictionaries and examines the major needs of Yipunu lexicography. Chapter 3 envisages some aspects of the standardisation of Yipunu. It targets the discussion at the level of the language analysis namely the phonology, the grammar, the dictionary and the orthography of Yipunu. Chapter 4 discusses the user perspective, which guides the dictionary compilation. It focuses on the user profile, user typologies and dictionary functions. The intended dictionary has a multifunctional character. Special attention is given to a pioneering survey of dictionary use among Gabonese students and to the discussion of the teaching of dictionary use in Gabon. Chapter 5 deals with the dictionary plan. Different aspects such as the style guide, the genuine purpose, the dictionary basis, data collection, the data collection policy, data collection methods and the corpus of the proposed dictionary are discussed Chapter 6 elaborates on the macrostructure of the proposed dictionary. The dictionary gives priority to a strict alphabetical macrostructure. Macrostructural elements, lemmatisation strategies, and types of lemmas and articles to be included in the proposed dictionary are discussed. Chapter 7 focuses on the microstructure of the proposed dictionary. The model suggests an obligatory microstructure and an extended obligatory microstructure and discusses the variety of data to be included in the articles of the proposed dictionary. Chapter 8 deals with the outer text section and the guide structures of the proposed dictionary, which includes front and back matter texts. Polyaccessibility, a system of cross-referencing, and lemmatic and non-lemmatic addressings are characteristics of the proposed dictionary. Chapter 9 makes some concluding remarks by highlighting the focus point of each chapter of the dissertation. It gives also some recommendations for the research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die woordeboeke beskikbaar in die Gaboenese tale is almal vertalende woordeboeke gerig op Frans en saamgestel deur sendelinge en koloniale administrateurs. Geen werklike eentalige woordeboeke bestaan in die Gaboenese tale nie. Daar is gevolglik 'n behoefte aan eentalige woordeboeke in die Gaboenese tale, veral in Jipoenoe, een van die Bantoetale (B 43) wat in die Suide van Gaboen gepraat word. Jipoenoe is 'n streeksvoertaal of 'n hoof- of meerderheidstaal. Jipoenoe is 'n huistaal d.w.s. wat binne Bapoenoegemeenskappe gepraat word of 'n moedertaal of eerste taal en Jipoenoe word ook as vak in die nasionale opvoedingstelsel onderrig. In reaksie op hierdie behoefte stel hierdie proefskrif metaleksikografiese kriteria voor vir die samestelling van 'n standaard beskrywende eentalige woordeboek met spesiale verwysing na Jipoenoe. Die voorgestelde model fokus primêr op die insluiting en behandeling van die standaardvariëteit van Jipoenoe en in 'n mindere mate op die ander variëteite. Die model is gerig op 'n woordeboek wat primêr aandag gee aan die behoeftes van die deursnee- opgevoede lede van die Jipoenoespraakgemeenskap, die moedertaalsprekers, en wat ook ontwerp is vir kundige en gevorderde leerders van Jipoenoe en hul onderwysers. Die doel van hierdie studie is om aan te toon hoe belangrik standaard beskrywende eentalige woordeboeke in die algemeen en spesifiek in die geval van die Bantoetale van Afrika is. Die doel van hierdie studie is ook om die belangrikheid vir Gaboenese leksikograwe te belig om moderne leksikografiese beginsels toe te pas in die samestelling van woordeboeke soos die gebruikersgedrewe woordeboek en die korpusgebaseerde woordeboek. Hierdie model, alhoewel ontwerp vir Jipoenoe, sal uiteindelik dien as model vir die opstel van standaard beskrywende woordeboeke vir al die Gaboenese tale. Die studie verskaf inligting oor die inhoud en strukture van so 'n woordeboek en is soos volg gestruktureer: Hoofstuk 1 fokus op 'n inleiding tot en 'n kontekstualisering van die navorsing. Dit beskryf die taalkundige toestand in Gaboen met betrekking tot die status van Jipoenoe. Dit toon ook die belangrikheid en relevansie van die navorsing en gee die teoretiese basis, metodologie, hipoteses en doelstellings onderliggend aan die studie. Hoofstuk 2 kritiseer die leksikografiese werk in Jipoenoe met die doel om die gehalte van die Jipoenoewoordeboeke te verbeter en die behoeftes van die Jipoenoeleksikografie te ondersoek. Hoofstuk 3 beskou 'n aantal aspekte van die standaardisering van Jipoenoe. Dit is gemik op 'n bespreking op die vlak van taalontleding, naamlik die fonologie, die grammatika, die woordeboek en die ortografie van Jipoenoe. Hoofstuk 4 bespreek die gebruikersperspektief wat die woordeboeksamestelling rig. Dit fokus op die gebruikersprofiel, gebruikerstipologieë en woordeboekfunksies. Die beplande woordeboek het 'n multifunksionele karakter. Spesiale aandag word gegee aan 'n baanbrekende ondersoek na woordeboekgebruik onder Gaboenese studente en aan 'n bespreking van die onderrig van woordeboekgebruik in Gaboen. Hoofstuk 5 handel oor die woordeboekplan. Verskillende aspekte soos die stylgids, die werklike doel, die woordeboekbasis, dataversameling, die dataversamelingsbeleid, dataversamelingsmetodes en die korpus van die voorgestelde woordeboek word bespreek. Hoofstuk 6 wei uit oor die makrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die woordeboek gee voorkeur aan 'n streng alfabetiese makrostruktuur. Makrostrukturele elemente, lemmatiseringstrategieë, en soorte lemmas en artikels vir insluiting in die beplande woordeboek word bespreek. Hoofstuk 7 fokus op die mikrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die model stel 'n verpligte mikrostruktuur en 'n uitgebreide verpligte mikrostruktuur voor en bespreek die verskeidenheid data wat in die artikels van die voorgestelde woordeboek ingesluit behoort te word. Hoofstuk 8 handel oor die buiteteksgedeelte en die gidsstrukture van die voorgestelde woordeboek wat voor- en agtervoor- en agtertekste insluit. Politoeganklikheid, 'n stelsel van kruisverwysings, en lemmatiese en nielemmatiese adresserings is kenmerke van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Hoofstuk 9 maak 'n aantal slotopmerkings deur die fokuspunt van elke hoofstuk van die proefskrif te belig. Dit verskaf ook 'n aantal aanbevelings vir navorsing.

The master's thesis Theoretical Problems of Spanish Lexicography introduces issues associated with creating general monolingual dictionaries. The thesis has two main objectives. Firstly, it aims to summarise the most frequent lexicographic issues and attempt to find their suitable solutions in practice through an analysis of significant research studies dealing with this subject. The issues have been divided into two groups depending on whether they regard the macrostructure (collection of dictionary entries) or microstructure (collection of headword information). As for the macrostructure, one of the main issues is posed by determining the criteria for the selection of dictionary entries. Modern descriptive lexicography considers lexical unit usage frequency to be the main criterion. The macrostructure of general monolingual dictionaries should generally not include proper nouns while productive affixes and affixoids, phraseological units with a high degree of idiomaticity, abbreviations and frequently used neologisms should be included. The thesis also explores the issue of distinguishing between cases of homonymy and polysemy and its impact on lexicographic practice. The chapter on microstructure focuses primarily on the issues of constructing lexicographic definitions with user...

Orientador: Odair Luiz Nadin da Silva / Banca: Maria Teresa Fuentes Morán / Banca: Angela Maria Tenório Zucchi / Banca: Clotilde de Almeida Azevedo Murakawa / Banca: Nildicéia Aparecida Rocha / Resumo: O objetivo da presente tese foi o de pesquisar quais são as atitudes dos professores ante o uso do dicionário como material didático complementar no ensino e na aprendizagem do espanhol como língua estrangeira e observar que competências os docentes necessitam em Lexicografia para incentivar seus alunos a usar o dicionário. Tais competências foram observadas por meio da análise de dados coletados ao longo da realização de dois cursos de formação de professores em Lexicografia Pedagógica. A descrição e a análise dos dados se fundamentam nas teorias e práticas da Lexicografia e da Lexicografia Pedagógica (WELKER, 2004, 2008; MOLINA GARCÍA, 2006; DURAN; XATARA, 2007; GOUWS, 2017) e nas da Linguística Aplicada, as quais abrem caminhos para as pesquisas sobre a formação de professores e, por consequência, sobre o uso de dicionários nas aulas de línguas (MARTÍN GARCÍA 1999; ALVAR EZQUERRA, 2003; MALDONADO, 2008, 2017). Da realização da pesquisa empírica com professores de língua espanhola e lexicógrafos resultou um conjunto de dados que foram analisados quanti e qualitativamente. Observou que, ainda que os professores possuam dicionários e os usam em suas aulas, ainda têm poucos conhecimentos em Lexicografia Pedagógica e, por isso, podem não perceber as muitas possibilidades que o dicionário apresenta como fonte confiável de informação e como material didático. A falta de conhecimento e formação dos professores em Lexicografia podem dificultar o uso do dicionário pelos alunos em sa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Resumen: El objetivo de la presente tesis ha sido el de investigar cuáles son las actitudes de los profesores ante el uso del diccionario como material didáctico complementar en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera y observar qué competencias necesitan los docentes en Lexicografía para incentivar a sus alumnos a usar el diccionario. Dichas competencias han sido observadas por medio del análisis de datos reunidos a lo largo de la realización de dos cursos de formación de profesores en Lexicografía Pedagógica. La descripción y el análisis de los datos se fundamentan en la teorías y prácticas de la Lexicografía y de la Lexicografía Pedagógica (WELKER, 2004, 2008; MOLINA GARCÍA, 2006; DURAN; XATARA, 2007; GOUWS, 2017) y en las de la Lingüística Aplicada, las cuales abren caminos para las investigaciones sobre la formación de profesores y, por consecuencia, sobre el uso de los diccionarios en las clases de lenguas (MARTÍN GARCÍA 1999; ALVAR EZQUERRA, 2003; MALDONADO, 2008, 2017). De la realización de la investigación empírica con profesores de lengua española y lexicógrafos resultó un conjunto de datos que han sido analizados desde las perfectivas cuanti y cualitativas. Se ha observado que, aunque los profesores poseen diccionarios y los usan en sus clases, todavía tienen pocos conocimientos de Lexicografía Pedagógica y, por eso, no se dan cuenta de las muchas posibilidades que el diccionario presenta como fuente fiable de información y como material didáctico. La ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the actions of teachers towards the dictionary as a complementary teaching resource in teaching and learning Spanish as foreign language and observe what competences teachers need in Lexicography to encourage their students to use the dictionary. These competences were be observed through the analysis of data collected throughout the development of two courses of teacher training in Pedagogical Lexicography. The description and analyses of data were founded on theories and practices of Lexicography and Pedagogical Lexicography (WELKER, 2004, 2008; MOLINA GARCÍA, 2006; DURAN; XATARA, 2007; GOUWS, 2017) and on Applied Linguistics, which pave ways for research on teachers' training and, as a result, on the use of dictionaries in language classes (MARTÍN GARCÍA 1999; ALVAR EZQUERRA, 2003; MALDONADO, 2008, 2017). The development of the empirical research with teachers of Spanish and lexicographers resulted in a set of data, which were analyzed quanti- and qualitatively. We observed that teachers, despite having dictionaries and using them in the classroom, lack knowledge of Pedagogical Lexicography; therefore, they are not able to perceive the many possibilities the dictionary offers as a reliable source of information and as educational material. The lack of knowledge and teachers' training on Lexicography may hamper the use of the dictionary by the students in the classroom, once learners are not, in general, motivated to become active us... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Nos travaux de thèse ont pour but d’étudier la manifestation de la néologie dans un dictionnaire de langue française. Nous avons choisi de travailler à partir de la version électronique du "Nouveau Petit Robert" parce qu’il incarne un dictionnaire de référence. Nous avons étudié les mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012 dans le "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012. Nous avons sélectionné une période d’attestation récente, nous voulions observer l’influence qu’avait eu le développement des nouvelles technologies sur le lexique. Le corpus dont nous disposons se compose de 477 mots nouveaux attestés entre 1990 et 2012. Dans notre travail, nous avons mis en évidence les modes de formations de ces mots nouveaux ainsi que les domaines d’expérience auxquels ils sont rattachés. Nous avons aussi consacré une partie à la lexicographie où nous avons mis en lumière les particularités lexicographiques du "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012 en comparant quelques extraits des mots du corpus avec deux autres dictionnaires : "Le Petit Larousse Illustré" 2016 et le "Wiktionnaire". Les modes de formation les plus performants des mots du corpus sont ceux relevant de la matrice interne avec un total de 266 mots et ceux relevant de la matrice externe qui regroupe 186 mots. Les mots du corpus appartenant à la matrice interne sont les plus nombreux, cela montre que le lexique se renouvelle par lui-même. Nous avons observé qu’il y avait un déclin des sciences humaines au profit de sciences techniques. / The purpose of this PhD thesis is to study how neology manifests itself in a french language dictionary. I have chosen to work on the electronic version of the "Nouveau Petit Robert", since it is the epitome of a reference dictionary. I studied the new attested words that were added between 1990 and 2012 in the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012. This fairly recent attestation period was chosen in order to observe the influence of new technologies on the lexicon.To build up our corpus it was necessary to enter the period between 1990 and 2012 as a search criteria. In doing so, the corpus of this study is now composed of 477 new attested words added between 1990 and 2012.This work intends to bring out the formation modes of these new words as well as the experience areas to which they are linked. A portion of this study was also dedicated to lexicography. In this section the lexicographical particularities of the "Nouveau Petit Robert Électronique" 2012 are highlighted by comparing a few words extracted from its corpus with the same words in two other dictionaries : "Le Petit Larousse Illustré" 2016 and the "Wiktionnaire".The most efficient formation modes for the corpus’ words are those pertaining to the internal matrix with a total of 266 words, as well as those pertaining to the external matrix with a total of 186 words.The corpus’words belonging to the internal matrix are the most numerous, and it indicates that the lexicon renews itself on its own.There is a distinct decline of the social sciences in favor of technical sciences to be observed.

Esta tese de doutoramento é o resultado de duas pesquisas lexicográficas: a primeira, baseada no corpus estudado de oito minidicionários, seis publicados no Brasil e dois em Portugal, através da coleta, tabulação e análise contrastiva do nível de resolução dos itens lexicais da Introdução & apêndices, macro e microestruturas; a Segunda, uma pesquisa de campo, por amostragem, realizada na cidade de São Paulo, envolvendo alunos e professores do ensino fundamental e médio de duas escolas da rede particular e três da rede pública. A análise léxico-estatística do nível de resolução dos minidicionários compreendeu: Introdução & apêndices, em que analisamos Introdução & apêndices, a macroestrutura, em que priorizamos os empréstimos, lacunas, locuções, neologismos, nomes próprios, prefixo contra, prefixos e sufixos, siglas e microestrutura, através de antônimos e sinônimos, artigo definido, aumentativo irregular, campo lexical, contextos, definições, definições circulares, diminutivo irregular, divisão silábica, domínio, gênero feminino, formas sincréticas, homófonos, homógrafos, linguagem de explicação, parônimas, plural das palavras compostas, polissemia, predicação verbal, remissivas, rotulações, superlativos absolutos sintéticos, tautologia, vocabulário de explicação e vogal tônica/átona. A pesquisa de campo por amostragem foi feita por meio de quase 900 questionários, dos quais selecionamos 311 para nossa análise final, representativos do universo de alunos matriculados no ensino médio do Brasil em 1999. Estas análises pretenderam ser representativas do corpus total, tanto de minidicionários atualmente publicados no Brasil, como de alunos matriculados no ensino médio brasileiro. Expomos, ainda, o panorama histórico da produção lexicográfica em minidicionários, os fundamentos teóricos, estabelecimento do corpus e metodologia, uma análise de dois campos lexicais (peixes e frutos) e a tipologia dos dicionários monolíngues e a bibliografia. Das pesquisas acima, apresentamos, como conclusão do trabalho, uma sugestão de modelo de Superminidicionário de língua portuguesa para o ensino médio. / This doctorate thesis contains the results of two lexicographical piece of research. The first is based on the studied corpus of eight minidictionaries, six published in Brazil and two in Portugal, through the collection, tabulation and contrastive analysis of the level of resolution of the lexical items in the introduction and appendixes, in relation to their macro- and microstructures. The second is a piece of sampling field research carried out in the city of São Paulo. It involved students and teachers of fundamental and medium teaching at two schools in the private sector and three in the public sector. A lexical-statistical analysis of the level of resolution of the minidictionaries in the introduction and appendixes was carried out in that the introduction and appendixes were analysed. We looked at the macrostructure, in that we prioritized the loans, gaps, locutions, neologisms, proper names, prefixes against, prefixes and suffixes and acronyms. In addition, we looked at the microstructure, through considering the antonyms and synonyms, defined articles, irregular augmentatives, lexical field, contexts, definitions, circular definitions, irregular diminutives, syllabic divisions, domains, feminine gender, syncretic forms, homophones, homographs, explanatory language, paronyms, plurals of the composed words, instances of polysemy, predicative verbs, cross-references, labelling, synthetic absolute superlatives, tautologies, explanatory vocabulary and open/closed vowels. The sampling field research was conducted through giving out almost 900 questionnaires, out of the which we selected 311 for our final analysis, as these were representative of the enrolled students\' as a whole in the medium teaching in Brazil in 1999. These analyses are intended to be representative of the total corpus. So many of the minidictionaries are now published in Brazil, as of enrolled students in high education in Brazil. We further expose the historical panorama of the lexicographical production in minidictionaries, the theoretical foundation, the establishment of the corpus and methodology, an analysis of two lexical fields (fish and fruits) and the typology of the monolingual dictionaries and the bibliography. From the research above, we present, as a conclusion to the work, a suggestion for a model of a super-minidictionary of the Portuguese language for higher education. My thesis advisor was Professor Maria Vicentina.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1138360 bytes, checksum: d42e6bec4babc36fd535b1dca8a31317 (MD5) / O presente projeto está inserido no conjunto de pesquisas em Análise Linguística, mais especificamente entre aquelas cujo tema é o Tratamento do Léxico. A presente proposta tem como objeto de estudo o vocabulário da Fauna e da Flora formado por nomes de cores, cujo interesse é motivado pelo papel ativo desses itens na expansão do léxico especializado denominando objetos, pigmentos, nomes geográficos, substâncias, processos, fatos históricos e principalmente as espécies vegetais e animais. Uma vez que nos propomos a organizar um dicionário monolíngue que contemple uma parte especial do léxico da língua portuguesa, a saber, expressões cromáticas (sintagmas nominais que possuam em seu interior nomes de cores) pertencentes aos seguintes subdomínios cromáticos preto, branco, amarelo, azul, laranja, cinza, verde, marrom, vermelho, rosa, violeta, roxo e anil, encontradas em duas subáreas da Biologia: a Botânica, especificamente as Angiospermas, e a Zoologia, exclusivamente os Vertebrados (peixes, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios e répteis), sugerimos uma arquitetura de macroestrutura onomasiológica que seja adequada ao tipo de vocabulário estipulado, sustentada nos princípios taxonômicos, e que possibilite a relação entre conceitos, isto é, espécies que compartilham de características semelhantes. O modelo de microestrutura foi elaborado de modo que contemplasse as informações necessárias para a compreensão do item lexical e que respondesse às necessidades do usuário, no caso, o especialista em Ciências Biológicas e áreas afins. Assim, optamos por um modelo que abordasse informações linguísticas, informações específicas da área, como o nome científico, a definição, bem como contextos em discurso especializado e comum. A presença de dois contextos justifica-se pelo interesse em investigar o uso das expressões... / This study belongs to the group of researches on Linguistic Analysis, specifically among those whose theme is the treatment of the lexicon. This research has as its object of study the vocabulary of Fauna and Flora composed of color names. Our interest is encouraged by the active role of these items to expand the specialised lexicon, naming objects, pigments, geographic names, substances, processes, historical facts and mainly species of animals and plants. We propose to organize a monolingual dictionary that includes a special part of Portuguese language lexicon, namely chromatic phrases (noun phrases composed of color names) belonging to the following chromatic subdomains: black, white, yellow, blue, orange, gray, green, brown, red, pink, violet, purple and indigo, found in two subfields of Biology, Botany, specifically the Angiosperms, and Zoology, only Vertebrates (fishes, mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles). For this reason, we suggested an architecture of onomasiological macrostructure that was appropriated to the type of vocabulary provided, based on taxonomic principles, and that enabled the relationship between concepts, i.e., species that share similar characteristics. The microstructure model was elaborated in order to contemplate the necessary information for understanding the lexical item and responding to user needs, in this case, the expert in Biological Sciences and related fields. Thus, we chose a model that approached linguistic information, specific information of this area, such as scientific name, definition and contexts in specialized and common discourse. The presence of two contexts is justified by the interest in investigating the use of chromatic phrases in various levels of speciality of the discourse. Through the corpus we confirmed the hypothesis that the chromatic phrases act as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado / Banca: Jeane Mari Sant'Ana Spera / Banca: Antonieta Laface / Banca: Marlene Durigan / Banca: Antonio Luciano Pontes / Conteúdo: v. 1. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola - v. 2. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola : A - D - v. 3. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola : E - O - v. 4. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola P - Z / Resumo: A partir de uma investigação sistemática sobre a mídia impressa contemporânea brasileira, em suas modalidades convencional e sistema on line, com ênfase para o eixo Rio-São Paulo, procedeu-se a um levantamento das constantes lexicais empregadas, especificamente, na linguagem particular do futebol. O corpus, foco de análise, foi constituído pelo material lingüístico coletado junto à imprensa escrita, em um recorte espacial compreendido no período de 1995 e 2005. Partindo desse acervo lingüístico procurou-se historiar, definir e estudar a prática do futebol, enfocando sua condição de esporte de massa, caracterizando-o, portanto, como um fenômeno social. A forma da escritura, da divulgação de notícias e comentários, envolvendo o universo do futebol, através da imprensa especializada ou não, recebeu uma abordagem investigativa envolvendo itens lexicais da língua comum que integram a linguagem do futebol: elementos autóctones, os vocábulos próprios, pertencentes ao domínio da prática do esporte: os tecnoletos, constituídos por estrangeirismos, decalques, empréstimos e vocábulos de diversas áreas do conhecimento humano que migraram por associação semântica, constituindo-se, por vezes, em uma modalidade de linguagem técnica de caráter banalizado. O processo de criação neológica foi, também, objeto de reflexões e, é exposto, na segunda parte do trabalho, que é constituído por glossário com 3.360 verbetes relativo ao universo do futebol, com notas elucidatórias sobre a gênese dos itens léxicos, constantes das abonações, além de informações gramaticais, etimológicas e enciclopédicas, acerca de cada unidade-entrada. / Abstract: This research aimed at investigating frequent words used to report written news on football. A systematic investigation was conducted in collecting data from Brazilian contemporary printed press and online counterpart, mainly Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo press. The systematized corpus was collected from written press from 1995 to 2005. This corpus was used to research football as a popular sport thus a social practice from a historical perspective. Written texts used to express football news and commentaries by specialized and non-specialized were analyzed and classified: vernacular terms, jargon, common language lexical used in football register, borrowings, literal translation, and words of several human knowledge areas which are integrated by semantics connected. In the second part of the research result, the process of neologism was also analyzed and a glossary 3,360 of football terms was reported with an explanation of each term origin, including grammatical, etymological and encyclopedic information and citation sources. / Doutor

Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia / Banca: Gládis Maria de Barcellos Almeida / Banca: Solange Aranha / Resumo: O presente projeto está inserido no conjunto de pesquisas em Análise Linguística, mais especificamente entre aquelas cujo tema é o Tratamento do Léxico. A presente proposta tem como objeto de estudo o vocabulário da Fauna e da Flora formado por nomes de cores, cujo interesse é motivado pelo papel ativo desses itens na expansão do léxico especializado denominando objetos, pigmentos, nomes geográficos, substâncias, processos, fatos históricos e principalmente as espécies vegetais e animais. Uma vez que nos propomos a organizar um dicionário monolíngue que contemple uma parte especial do léxico da língua portuguesa, a saber, expressões cromáticas (sintagmas nominais que possuam em seu interior nomes de cores) pertencentes aos seguintes subdomínios cromáticos preto, branco, amarelo, azul, laranja, cinza, verde, marrom, vermelho, rosa, violeta, roxo e anil, encontradas em duas subáreas da Biologia: a Botânica, especificamente as Angiospermas, e a Zoologia, exclusivamente os Vertebrados (peixes, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios e répteis), sugerimos uma arquitetura de macroestrutura onomasiológica que seja adequada ao tipo de vocabulário estipulado, sustentada nos princípios taxonômicos, e que possibilite a relação entre conceitos, isto é, espécies que compartilham de características semelhantes. O modelo de microestrutura foi elaborado de modo que contemplasse as informações necessárias para a compreensão do item lexical e que respondesse às necessidades do usuário, no caso, o especialista em Ciências Biológicas e áreas afins. Assim, optamos por um modelo que abordasse informações linguísticas, informações específicas da área, como o nome científico, a definição, bem como contextos em discurso especializado e comum. A presença de dois contextos justifica-se pelo interesse em investigar o uso das expressões... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study belongs to the group of researches on Linguistic Analysis, specifically among those whose theme is the treatment of the lexicon. This research has as its object of study the vocabulary of Fauna and Flora composed of color names. Our interest is encouraged by the active role of these items to expand the specialised lexicon, naming objects, pigments, geographic names, substances, processes, historical facts and mainly species of animals and plants. We propose to organize a monolingual dictionary that includes a special part of Portuguese language lexicon, namely chromatic phrases (noun phrases composed of color names) belonging to the following chromatic subdomains: black, white, yellow, blue, orange, gray, green, brown, red, pink, violet, purple and indigo, found in two subfields of Biology, Botany, specifically the Angiosperms, and Zoology, only Vertebrates (fishes, mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles). For this reason, we suggested an architecture of onomasiological macrostructure that was appropriated to the type of vocabulary provided, based on taxonomic principles, and that enabled the relationship between concepts, i.e., species that share similar characteristics. The microstructure model was elaborated in order to contemplate the necessary information for understanding the lexical item and responding to user needs, in this case, the expert in Biological Sciences and related fields. Thus, we chose a model that approached linguistic information, specific information of this area, such as scientific name, definition and contexts in specialized and common discourse. The presence of two contexts is justified by the interest in investigating the use of chromatic phrases in various levels of speciality of the discourse. Through the corpus we confirmed the hypothesis that the chromatic phrases act as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre