This study forms part of a broader school-based intervention project focused on the promotion of healthy nutrition-related practices, physical health and the socio-emotional functioning of primary school children in resource-constrained communities in South Africa. The initial intervention was offered to Grade 1 to 3 learners at two schools situated in Gauteng. The purpose of the current study is to explore the needs and expectations of the parents whose children have been involved in the broader research project, with regard to the guidance they require on healthy food, nutrition and lifestyle behaviour. As a next phase of the broader project, the findings of my study will inform the development of a parent-guidance intervention for the parents of the learners in the participating schools. I integrated the Parental Involvement Process model and Ecological Systems theory in compiling a conceptual framework that guided me in undertaking my research. I utilised interpretivism as epistemology and followed a qualitative approach. I implemented a case study design utilising Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) principles in generating data with 22 parent participants who were purposively selected. For data generation and documentation, I used PRA-based workshops, observation-as-context-of-interaction, field notes, reflective journaling and audio-visual techniques. Following inductive thematic analysis, four themes and related sub-themes emerged in relation to potential topics for food and nutrition-related guidance; guidance on physical activity and fitness; guidance required for supporting the psycho-social wellbeing of children, and suitable modes of delivery for a parent guidance intervention. Based on the findings of this study, I can conclude that parents from the two communities were motivated to support the health and wellbeing of their children and families; however, some structural and psychological barriers prevented them from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviour and parenting practices. To this end, the parent participants identified specific areas that they require additional support and guidance in, based on their unique life circumstances. Furthermore, parents identified mobile technology as potential suitable way in which guidance can be offered, in combination with parent workshops and information pamphlets. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

(in English): This diploma thesis focus of portrayal of man and woman in lifestyle magazines on the Internet and on the social network Instagram. The theoretical part describes history and a role of the image, respectively photography, in the Western world and its development. It also deals with the theme of stereotypes and changes of representation of man and woman in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The next part discusses types of visual analyzes concentrating on qualitative semiotic analysis. This analysis is used for the selected images in the practical part. The practical part analyzes 400 images from selected Czech and American women's and men's lifestyle magazines and their accounts on the social network Instagram. The analysis reveals differences between contributions to Instagram and magazine pages and in the each media itself. It also identifies how women and men are portrayed in the selected media and if the stereotypes described in the practical part have disappeared in the context of the ongoing transformation of the position and roles of men and women in society, especially if the emancipation of women has had any effect.

Bakgrund: Invandringen till Sverige har varit hög de senaste åren. Flykten till Sverige är en svår period för invandrare och beroende på varje individ kan hälsan i samband med flykten upplevas olika. Det krävs olika insatser på individ- och samhällsnivå för att varje invandrare ska äta hälsosamt och vara fysisk aktiva.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att belysa invandrares upplevelser av kost och fysisk aktivitet och dess påverkan för deras hälsa och välbefinnande i samband med deras flytt till Sverige.  Metod: I studien har jag valt att använda mig av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag har intervjuat fyra kvinnliga och två manliga informanter som kommer från Burundi, RDC, Eritrea, Libanon och Palestina.  Resultat och Slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att invandrares upplevelse av hälsa och välbefinnande i form av kost och fysisk aktivitet i samband med flykt beror på familjens förhållande, gamla vanor, socioekonomiska status, integration, stress och kunskapsbrist om kost.  I dagens samhälle är hälsa och livsstil generellt bred och viktig utmaning det som leder till att invandrare hälsa och livsstil blir en folkhälsofråga i hela världen som behöver mer forskningar så att alla inblandade aktörer kan främja hälsa hos invandrare. / Background: The number of refugees has increased in recent years in Sweden. The flight to Sweden is a difficult period for immigrants and depending on everyone, the health of the refugees can be experienced differently. Different efforts are needed at the level of individuals and society to ensure that every immigrant is healthy and physically active. Aim: The main purpose of this study is to shed light on immigrants’ experiences of diet and physical activity and its impact on their health and wellbeing in connection with their immigration to Sweden. Method: The study is a qualitative method, and the data was collected through semi structured interviews. I interviewed four female and two male who come from Burundi, RDC, Eritrea, Lebanon, and Palestine. Result and Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the perception of the healt hand well-being of migrants in terms of diet and physical activity in the context of immigration depends on family relationships, old habits, socio-economic status, integration, stress, and lack of knowledge about nutrition. Today, health and lifestyle in general are a broad and important challenge, leading to the health and lifestyle of immigrants becoming a public health issue throughout the word that needs more research so that all the actors involved can promote the health of immigrants.

In the conclusion the summarized results of theoretical and empirical parts of the thesis are presented. It includes justification of the obtained data practical significance. Recommendations to the University Administration are given in order to introduce the students to a healthy lifestyle, to increase their resilience. The possible prospects for further development of this research issue are described in the final part of the thesis. / Компоненты профиля здорового образа жизни (ответственность за здоровье, физическая активность, питание, духовный рост, межличностные отношения, управление стрессом) связаны с эрудированностью студентов в вопросах здорового образа жизни, была частично подтверждена: эрудированность студентов в вопросах ЗОЖ связана с общим профилем ЗОЖ и с такими его составляющими, как питание и межличностные отношения. Изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, обоснована практическая значимость полученных данных, даны рекомендации администрации вуза с целью приобщения студентов к здоровому образу жизни и, соответственно, повышения их жизнестойкости, описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.

Le nomadisme numérique, le style de vie emprunté par les célèbres nomades numériques, est souvent présenté dans les médias sociaux et classiques comme idéal, glamour et accessible à tous. Ce mémoire nuance ce portrait en se basant sur une série d’entretiens avec des nomades numériques expérimentés ; le nomadisme numérique, ainsi que le sédentarisme actuel, comporte des avantages et des inconvénients pour l’individu qui l’emprunte. Ces avantages et inconvénients dépendent de la façon dont l’individu pratique le nomadisme numérique : les destinations fréquentées, le type de logement utilisé, la fréquence des voyages, la situation conjugale de l’individu et son sexe dans une certaine mesure. De même, la pratique du nomadisme numérique est permise par certains facteurs et n’est pas accessible à tous : célibat, salaire dans une monnaie avantageuse, une ou plusieurs activités professionnelles appropriées, une personnalité « aventureuse » Le manque de responsabilités familiales et d’économies avant le départ sont des caractéristiques que tous les participants avaient avant de devenir nomades. Ces mêmes facteurs signifient que le nomadisme numérique n’est pas durable à très long terme ; aucun des participants interrogés, à l’exception d’un, ne s’est considéré comme nomade pour le reste de sa vie. La plupart d’entre eux se considèrent comme un nomade numérique saisonnier et ont un « chez-soi » dans leur pays d’origine ou ailleurs, parfois donné des désirs personnels, comme fonder une famille, considérée comme incompatible avec le nomadisme numérique par certains. / Digital nomadism, the lifestyle borrowed by the famous digital nomads, is often presented in social and classic media as ideal, glamorous and accessible to all. This study, based on a series of interviews with experienced digital nomads, nuances this portrait; digital nomadism, like current sedentarism, involves advantages and disadvantages. These depend on how he or she practices digital nomadism: the destinations frequented, the type of housing used, the frequency of travel, the marital situation of the individual and his gender to some extent. Similarly, the practice of digital nomadism is permitted by certain factors and is not accessible to all: being single, receiving a salary in an advantageous currency, one or more appropriate professional activities, an “adventurous” personality, flexibility, lack of financial obligations, lack of family responsibilities and savings before departure are characteristics that all participants had before they became nomads. These same factors mean that digital nomadism is not sustainable in the very long term; none of the participants interviewed, apart from one, saw themselves as nomadic for the rest of their lives. Most consider themselves to be seasonal digital nomads and to have a home base in their home country or elsewhere; sometimes given personal desires, such as starting a family, are seen as incompatible with digital nomadism by some.

Bakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom som drabbar cirka 425 miljoner människor världen över och kan orsaka förtida död. Diabetes Federation rapporterar en ökning av diabetes runtom i världen, främst i låg- och medelinkomstländer. I Sverige drabbas cirka 5% av befolkningen av typ 2-diabetes och siffran fortsätter att öka. Samhället behöver ta ett större ansvar genom att ta på sig en gedigen ledarroll för att bevara människors hälsa och därigenom hjälpa landets invånare att förändra sin livsstil. Behandlingen av diabetes ska inte enbart fokusera på medicinering utan även på andra omvårdnadsinsatser som kan hjälpa patienter med typ 2-diabetes att leva ett så sunt och normalt liv som möjligt. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva stödet i samband med livsstilsförändringar vid typ 2-diabetes. Metod: Metoden utgjordes av en litteraturöversikt som bygger på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa ansatser. Resultat: Resultatet efter dataanalysen visade på två huvudteman varav den ena var Stöd till ändrad livsstil och den andra var Stöd för ökad kunskap och motivation samt sex subteman vilka innefattade nutritionsstöd, stöd för viktnedgång, stöd för ökad aktivitet, stöd från sjukvårdspersonal, kunskapsstöd och socialt stöd. Det som framkom var att individer med diabetes typ 2 påverkades positivt av olika typ av stöd, vilket kan komma att hjälpa individerna att förändra sin livsstil, hindra komplikationer och uppnå en värdig hälsa. Slutsats: Olika former av stöd främjar hälsa och välmående samt ger patienter med typ 2 diabetes en bättre livskvalitet och möjliggör för patienten att leva ett hälsosamt liv. / Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects approximately 425 million people worldwide and can cause premature death. The Diabetes Federation reports an increase in diabetes around the world, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. In Sweden, about 5% of the population suffers from type 2 diabetes and the number continues to increase. Society needs to take on a greater responsibility by assuming a solid leadership role to preserve human health and thereby help the country's inhabitants to change their lifestyle. The treatment of diabetes should not only focus on medication but also on other nursing efforts that can help patients with type 2 diabetes to live as healthy and normal life as possible. Aim: The purpose of this literature review is to describe the support associated with lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes. Method: The method consisted of a literature review based on 12 scientific articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Results: The results after the data analysis showed two main themes whereas one was related to support for changing one’s lifestyle and the other one was support for increased knowledge and motivation as well as six subthemes which included nutrition support, weight loss support, increased activity support, support from healthcare professionals, knowledge support and social support. What emerged was that individuals with type 2 diabetes were positively affected by different types of support, which may help individuals to change their lifestyle, prevent complications and help them achieve dignified health. Conclusion: Various forms of support promote health and well-being and give patients with type 2 diabetes a better quality of life and enable the patient to live a healthy life.

This study explores how socioeconomic status influences lifestyle choices and chronicdiseases in Sweden. It investigates prevalent chronic diseases across different socio economicgroups and assesses policy interventions to address disparities. Theoretical frameworks suchas chronic disease prevention, health lifestyle and fundamental causes theories inform theanalysis. The method of this study is used to gather and analyse sensory data for the study. Itdescribed the systematic search for relevant articles, inclusion and exclusion criteria, dataextraction and thematic analysis. Ethical considerations are also addressed and maintained.The results highlighted socioeconomic disparities in lifestyle and chronic disease burden inSweden and other countries. The results show varying impacts in health behaviours andoutcomes based on socioeconomic status, emphasising on the need for targeted interventionwhich address preventable health conditions. The discussion of the study provides a detailedinterpretation of the results by linking theories and methods used.

The Road Freight Industry accounts for 1 to 5 percent of most countries GDP (AECOM International Development, 2011). According to e-Natis there was 321 056 Trucks (Heavy load Vehicle GVM > 3500 kg) in South Africa by November 2009 (Arrive Alive, 2009). This relative big industry, according to the statistics, influences most other industries value chains. Vehicles are driven by trucks drivers, making driving trucks their living. These drivers have their own lifestyles and ways that they go about. This study focusses on the risk factors of truck drivers’ lifestyles, especially long-distance truck drivers. This mini-dissertation draws attention to the limited research done on lifestyle risk factors and occupational hazards of long-distance truck drivers in South Africa. Most of the legislation regulating road transport is old and outdated, and any existing legislation is not being enforced. The goal of the study is to draw closer attention to the impact of certain lifestyle risk factors, social behaviours and occupational stressors on the lives of long-distance truck drivers, their close families and communities. The research was based on a comprehensive literature review as well as an empirical investigation done in the Gauteng province. A total of 150 long-distance truck drivers participated in the empirical investigation, by completing anonymous questionnaires. It is the researcher’s hope that this mini-dissertation will aid the betterment of long-distance truck drivers’ lives, general health and to make South African roads safer for all road users. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The Road Freight Industry accounts for 1 to 5 percent of most countries GDP (AECOM International Development, 2011). According to e-Natis there was 321 056 Trucks (Heavy load Vehicle GVM > 3500 kg) in South Africa by November 2009 (Arrive Alive, 2009). This relative big industry, according to the statistics, influences most other industries value chains. Vehicles are driven by trucks drivers, making driving trucks their living. These drivers have their own lifestyles and ways that they go about. This study focusses on the risk factors of truck drivers’ lifestyles, especially long-distance truck drivers. This mini-dissertation draws attention to the limited research done on lifestyle risk factors and occupational hazards of long-distance truck drivers in South Africa. Most of the legislation regulating road transport is old and outdated, and any existing legislation is not being enforced. The goal of the study is to draw closer attention to the impact of certain lifestyle risk factors, social behaviours and occupational stressors on the lives of long-distance truck drivers, their close families and communities. The research was based on a comprehensive literature review as well as an empirical investigation done in the Gauteng province. A total of 150 long-distance truck drivers participated in the empirical investigation, by completing anonymous questionnaires. It is the researcher’s hope that this mini-dissertation will aid the betterment of long-distance truck drivers’ lives, general health and to make South African roads safer for all road users. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Résumé : Bien que la perte de poids a été associée à une amélioration de la fonction reproductive chez les femmes obèses, ses effets chez les hommes demeurent peu étudiés. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons évalué les impacts d’une exposition des conjoints à une intervention de modification des habitudes de vie (HDV) orientée vers les femmes obèses infertiles, sur leur profil anthropométrique, HDV et issues de fertilité de leur couple. Tous les conjoints intéressés à participer à cette étude de cohorte prospective contrôlée, imbriquée dans un essai randomisé contrôlé, ont été recrutés. Les couples étaient référés à la clinique de fertilité du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke. L’exposition des participants était déterminée selon la randomisation de leur conjointe. Tous les participants ont été évalués à 12 ou 18 mois, ou au moment d’une conception, pour leur anthropométrie et HBV. Les résultats sont présentés en moyenne ± écart-type ou proportions. Les groupes ont été comparés par test t de Student ou U de Mann-Whitney. Les prédicteurs indépendants masculins d’une conception ont été vérifiés par une régression multiple par étape. Comparativement aux hommes canadiens âgés de 20 à 59 ans, les 66 participants (âgés de 33,1 ± 6,2 ans) étaient plus souvent obèses (4% vs. 23 %, p<0,001) ou avaient une obésité abdominale (tour de taille > 102 cm : 53% vs. 21%, p<0,001), moins actifs (29% vs. 58%, p<0,001) et mangeaient moins souvent 5 fruits et légumes/jour (12% vs. 35%, p<0,001) ou déjeunaient quotidiennement (43% vs. 81%, p<0,001). Après un suivi médian de 15,4 mois, l’anthropométrie et les HDV des hommes exposés à l’intervention, vs non exposés, tendaient vers une amélioration, mais non significative. Néanmoins, les conjoints qui ont réussi à concevoir ont perdu plus de poids (-0,32kg ± 4,55 vs. +2,68 ± 3,19, p=0.016; % avec perte de poids : 38,5% vs. 10%, p=0,029) et ont amélioré certaines HDV. La perte de poids (p=0,038 pour changement d’IMC), le nombre de déjeuners hebdomadaires (p=0,016) et la fréquence de consommation ≥ 5 fruits et légumes par jour (p=0,050) sont les prédicteurs indépendants masculins d’une grossesse chez la conjointe. Nos résultats suggèrent que les conjoints des couples infertiles dont la femme est obèse sont eux-mêmes plus souvent obèses et ont des HDV plus mauvaises que les hommes canadiens. Il s’agit de la première étude prospective suggérant qu’une amélioration de l’anthropométrie et de la diète chez le conjoint augmente la probabilité de conception dans le couple. Puisqu’une exposition à une intervention ciblant la conjointe ne semblait pas suffisante pour amener des changements significatifs, nos résultats supportent la mise en place d’une intervention de modification des HDV orientée vers les conjoints afin d’améliorer la fertilité de leur couple / Abstract : Although weight loss was shown to improve reproductive health in obese women, it is still unknown whether lifestyle modifications in men can improve their couple’s fertility. In order to answer this question, we assessed the impacts of an exposition to a lifestyle intervention, targeting obese infertile women, by male partners and whether anthropometric or lifestyle changes in those partners could influence the couple’s fertility. All interested male partners were recruited in this controlled prospective cohort study nested in a randomized-controlled trial. Couples were referred to the Fertility Clinic of a Canadian Academic Center. Participants were considered exposed to lifestyle modifications if their spouse was randomized to the intervention. Partners were evaluated after 12 or 18 months or at the time of a pregnancy for their anthropometric measures and lifestyle habits. Results are presented as means ± SD or proportions. Groups were compared using Student’s t tests or Mann-Whitney U test. Independent male predictors of pregnancy were determined using stepwise multiple logistic regression. Compared to the Canadian male population aged 20-59 years1 , the 66 participating male partners (age 33.1 ± 6.2 years) were more often obese (47% vs 23%, p<0.001) or abdominally obese (WC ≥102cm : 53% vs 21%, p<0.001), less active (29% vs 58%, p<0.001), and ate less often ≥ 5 fruits and vegetables daily (12% vs 35%, p<0.001) or a breakfast (43% vs 81%, p<0.001). After 12 months (n=46), anthropometry and lifestyle tended to improve in the exposed group, but not significantly. Nonetheless, male partners who conceived lost more weight (-0.32kg ± 4.55 vs 2.68 ± 3.19, p=0.016; % with weight loss: 38.5% vs 10%, p=0.029) and improved more some of their lifestyle habits. Significant independent male predictors of pregnancy were losing weight (p=0.038 for BMI), eating more breakfasts weekly (p=0.016) and beginning to consume ≥ 5 fruits and vegetables daily (p=0.050). Our preliminary results suggest that male partners of obese infertile women are often obese themselves and display worst lifestyle habits than the Canadian male population. Furthermore, this is the first prospective study suggesting that male partners who improve their weight and dietary habits also increase the odds for their couple to conceive. Since exposure of male partners to their spouse lifestyle intervention is not effective enough, these results support to develop lifestyle interventions targeted to male partners in order to improve couples’ fertility.