Submitted by Priscila Berti Domingos null (pris_berti@hotmail.com) on 2016-07-26T13:15:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE PRISCILA finalizada.pdf: 1066361 bytes, checksum: eeefbb8cfeaf8901c7060e7c5f4047d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-29T12:31:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 domingos_pb_me_arafcl.pdf: 1066361 bytes, checksum: eeefbb8cfeaf8901c7060e7c5f4047d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T12:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 domingos_pb_me_arafcl.pdf: 1066361 bytes, checksum: eeefbb8cfeaf8901c7060e7c5f4047d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as cartas trocadas entre Clarice Lispector e Fernando Sabino reveladas ao público em 2002 pelo autor mineiro, que as publicou sob o nome de Cartas perto do Coração, obra em que revelou as cartas que recebia cotidianamente de Clarice e toda a cumplicidade e envolvimento literário que havia entre eles. Publicadas integralmente, as cartas remontam um período que vai de 21 de abril de 1946 a 29 de janeiro de 1969. O início desse contato mostra dois jovens que tinham acabado de completar 20 anos, uma época de muito investimento nos projetos pessoais e profissionais e também de muita insegurança diante do mundo e dos próprios escritos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os componentes de interesse literário que revelam a criação, a escritura e o ofício do escritor. A importância desse estudo está no fato de que se entende aqui que esta correspondência é um lugar de ensaio, pensamento e de literatura de Clarice Lispector e, sobretudo, porque se acredita que esse conjunto de cartas possa ser entendido como um tratado apaixonado sobre a escritura e sobre o ofício do escritor. Figuram na obra revelações e queixas, filosofias do cotidiano, mas, sobretudo, questões literárias, o que comprova o quanto a carta é um gênero proteiforme ou seja, é impossível impor a ela uma forma e uma figura únicas, o que não significa que seja um gênero sem limites, ainda que esses limites sejam constantemente friccionados. Importa também apontar que na obra em questão as cartas têm um valor poético em que a linguagem toma o primeiro plano da criação e aparecem nelas, sobretudo, a preocupação com (i) para que fazer literatura; (ii) escrever por que e para quem; (iii) o fazer poético; (iv) a procura pela forma mais precisa de expressar o inexprimível. / This research studies the letters exchanged between Clarice Lispector and Fernando Sabino revealed to the public in 2002 by the mineiro author, who published them under the name Cartas perto do coração, a work which showed the letters received from Clarice and all the cumplicity and literary involvement between the two writers. Fully published, the letters correspond to a period between 21st April, 1946 and 29th January, 1969. The beginning of this contact shows two young friends who had just turned 20, a time of much investment in personal and professional projects and also a lot of insecurity about the world and the writing itself. The aim of this study is to analyze the components of literary interest that reveal the creation, the literary writing and the writer’s work. The importance of this study lies on the fact that it is understood here, that Cartas perto do coração is a place of Clarice Lispector's literary rehaersal, thinking and literary creation process and, above all, because it is believed that these letters can be understood as a passionate essay on literary writing and the writer’s work. In Cartas perto do coração we can see Clarice’s complaints about her life and her work and everyday philosophies, but above all, literary issues, which proves that the letter is a mixed genre and that, because of this, it is impossible to enforce a formula on it, even though we cannot say the epistolography is a genre without limits, even when these limits are constantly mixed. It is also important to point out that in Cartas perto do coração the letters have a poetic value in which the language takes the forefront of the creation and we can see in these letters, above all, the following concerns (i) make literature why?; (Ii) write why and to whom; (Iii) the work of making literature; (Iv) the difficulty of trying to say the unsayable through literature.

Dans les textes des écrivains italiens de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, plusieurs éléments africains se détachent nettement. Cet ensemble de constituants physiques, humains, spatiaux et socioculturels est mis en forme à travers une multitude de procédés qui montrent d’une part une rhétorique particulière de l’expression de l’altérité et d’autre part un discours littéraire sur l’Afrique qui devient une réelle occasion de relecture et de réinterprétation des volumes de la "bibliothèque" des écrivains. Les images reflétées dans ces textes montrent un imaginaire italien sur l’Afrique caractérisé en majorité par des symboles de l’animalité, de l’obscurité et du déclin; d’où un souci de modernisation de l’image de l’Afrique chez les écrivains. Par ailleurs, c’est finalement l’Italie qui se regarde à travers le continent noir. Si l’on suppose une fonctionnalité de ce discours, on peut dire que les auteurs l’utilisent également pour revenir sur le passé colonial de leur pays, exprimer le drame de l’Afrique postcoloniale et dénoncer certains maux qui minent la société contemporaine. Une écriture autobiographique qui favorise la construction de l’identité individuelle des auteurs ainsi que celle collective de l’Italie, sans oublier le développement de la littérature et du cinéma. D’un côté, une étude diachronique montre que ce phénomène a considérablement évolué durant le XXe siècle italien, et ce à différents niveaux, de l’épitexte au traitement intratextuel de l’espace africain, le regard "pur" de l’époque contemporaine s’opposant aux visions coloniales de la période fasciste. D’un autre côté, une synchronie incluant des textes français amène à hypothiser une vision tout européenne du continent noir, bien que subsiste un regard propre à l’Italie, concernant la singularité du milieu africain. Finalement, l’on constate que les hétéro-images des écrivains italiens coïncident avec les auto-images des auteurs africains et que l’intérêt pour l’autre est réciproque entre les deux espaces. / In Italian writers’ texts of the second half of 20th Century, many African elements are particularly brought to light. This set of physical, human, spatial and socio-cultural constituents is textualized through a vast number of techniques which show on one hand a particular rhetoric of elsewhere expression and on the other hand that a literary discourse on Africa becomes a real opportunity to re-read and re-interpret the writers’ books. Images that are reflected in these texts show an Italian imaginary on Africa mostly characterized by primitive, mysterious and fall-oriented symbols, hence the worry to modernize the image of Africa by the writers. Therefore, Italy is finally seen through African continent. If one supposes the functionality of this discourse, one can say that the authors equally use it to dwell on the colonial past of their country, to express the tragedy of postcolonial Africa and to denounce some ills that damage the contemporary society. One has to do with an autobiographical writing that favors the construction of the authors’ individual identity as well as the collective identity of Italy, without leaving out the development of literature and cinema. On one side, a diachronic study shows that this phenomenon has considerably evolved during the Italian 20th Century, and this happens at various levels, from the epi-text to the intra-textual treatment of African space, the “pure” look of the contemporary epoch opposing itself to colonial visions of the fascist period. On the other side, a synchrony including French texts urges to set an hypothesis of a European vision of the African continent, although a look peculiar to Italy remains, concerning the singularity of the African milieu. Finally, one notices that hetero-images of Italian writers coincide with auto-images of African writers and that the interest to the other is reciprocal between the two spaces.

La thèse porte sur les représentations de la société malgache dans les nouvelles d’un auteur des années 30, écrivant en malgache, Alfred RAMANDIAMANANA (1886-1939). Ecrivain, poète et nouvelliste au début de l’époque coloniale à Madagascar de 1906 à 1939, Ramandiamanana, nostalgique de l’époque précoloniale va s’affilier à une société secrète nationaliste découverte vers la fin de 1915 qui fut un mouvement intellectuel dont les principaux objectifs étaient de préserver l’unité nationale et la lutte pour le développement de Madagascar. Pendant presque trente ans il a publié soit des poèmes, soit des textes d’analyses, soit des nouvelles, dispersés dans les premiers journaux non confessionnels malgaches du début du XXe siècle. D’où l’intérêt de s’interroger sur le sens que prennent ses diverses formes d’écrits tout en les remettant dans leur contexte historique.La thèse se présente en deux volumes. Le volume I Analyse étudie l’articulation entre l’histoire et le contexte politique ainsi que le statut de la langue malgache par rapport à la langue française introduite par la colonisation. Durant cette période de pacification coloniale, la presse étant muselée par la censure, la répression étant sévère, l’analyse porte sur les façons dont les intellectuels se sont approprié la langue en intégrant la critique de la société coloniale et de la société malgache de l’époque en utilisant un langage codé. L’auteur utilise également le rire pour faire passer son message aux lecteurs. Ses œuvres expriment l’engagement culturel de l’auteur. Le deuxième volume comprend les 48 textes en malgache avec la traduction française réalisée par Nirina Vololomaharo RAZAIMIANDRISOA. Le vocabulaire utilisé, ainsi que le contexte d’écriture n’est pas toujours connu du public actuel, des explications détaillées dans des notes de bas de page sont fournies. / The thesis focuses on the representations of the Malagasy society in the short stories of the writer of the 30s, writing in Malagasy, Alfred RAMANDIAMANANA (1886-1939).Writer, poet and short story writer at the beginning of the colonial era in Madagascar from 1906 to 1939, Ramandiamanana, nostalgic of the pre-colonial era joined a secret nationalist society discovered towards the end of 1915. The secret society turned out to be an intellectual movement whose main objectives were to preserve the national unity and the struggle for the development of Madagascar. For nearly thirty years, he published either poems, or text analysis, or short stories, dispersed in the first Malagasy non-denominational newspapers of the early twentieth century. It becomes therefore interesting to reflect on the direction taken by these various forms of writings while putting them in their historical context.The thesis is presented in two volumes. Volume I, the Analysis, examines the relationship between history and politics as well as the status of the Malagasy language in relation to the French language introduced by colonialism. During this period of colonial pacification, the press was muzzled by censorship and the repression was severe. Thus, the analysis focuses on the ways in which the intellectuals took over ownership of the language while taking into account the critique of the colonial society and the Malagasy society of the time, using a coded language. The author also uses laughter to get his message across to the readers. His works express the cultural commitment of the author.Volume II consists of 48 texts in Malagasy with the French translation by Nirina Vololomaharo RAZAIMIANDRISOA. Granted that the language used and the context are not always known to the public today, detailed explanations are provided in footnotes.

A violência exercida durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira acarretou inúmeros não-ditos sociais produzindo um trauma social, além do trauma individual dos sujeitos que sofreram diretamente com a violência imposta e o desaparecimento dos seus familiares. Dessa forma, diante dos efeitos deste traumático, passamos a questionar, apoiados na teoria psicanalítica, as possíveis formas de transmissão e de linguagem do mesmo. Por meio de um olhar utópico, buscamos apresentar uma contra-história da ditadura, esboçada através dos testemunhos e dos recolhimentos dos restos e rastros de uma história singular, a vida silenciada de Ana Rosa Kucinski que foi morta e desaparecida política. As narrativas dadas à Comissão Nacional da Verdade ajudaram nesse percurso e demarcaram a importância dos arquivos. Do mesmo modo, a literatura ficcional e testemunhal do livro K: relato de uma busca (2014a), de Bernardo Kucinski, também demostrou a relevância da criação como um modo de enfrentamento do sem forma imposto pela violência. Assim, acreditamos na potência do testemunho e da escrita enquanto formas de transmissão e historicização do traumático. / The violence exercised during the Brazilian’s civil-military dictatorship led to a inumerous social´s unsaid producing a social trauma, beside the subject´s individual trauma that directly suffered with the imposed violence and the disappearance of their family. Thereby, against trauma´s effect, we start to ask, supported by the psychoanalytic theory, the possible forms of transmission and language of the same. Through a utopian´s look, we seek to present a counter-history of the dictatorship, outlined by the testimonials and the gathering of the remains and tracks of a singular history, the silenced life of Ana Rosa Kucinski, wich was killed and political missing. The narratives which was given to the “Comissão Nacional da Verdade” helped in this path and marked out the importance of the files. In the same way, the fictional and testimonial literature of the Bernardo Kucinski´s book “K: Relato de uma busca” (2014a), also demonstrated the relevance of creation as a way to facing the shapeless imposed by the violence. We believe in the power of the testimonial and writing as a form of transmission and historicizing the traumatic.

A violência exercida durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira acarretou inúmeros não-ditos sociais produzindo um trauma social, além do trauma individual dos sujeitos que sofreram diretamente com a violência imposta e o desaparecimento dos seus familiares. Dessa forma, diante dos efeitos deste traumático, passamos a questionar, apoiados na teoria psicanalítica, as possíveis formas de transmissão e de linguagem do mesmo. Por meio de um olhar utópico, buscamos apresentar uma contra-história da ditadura, esboçada através dos testemunhos e dos recolhimentos dos restos e rastros de uma história singular, a vida silenciada de Ana Rosa Kucinski que foi morta e desaparecida política. As narrativas dadas à Comissão Nacional da Verdade ajudaram nesse percurso e demarcaram a importância dos arquivos. Do mesmo modo, a literatura ficcional e testemunhal do livro K: relato de uma busca (2014a), de Bernardo Kucinski, também demostrou a relevância da criação como um modo de enfrentamento do sem forma imposto pela violência. Assim, acreditamos na potência do testemunho e da escrita enquanto formas de transmissão e historicização do traumático. / The violence exercised during the Brazilian’s civil-military dictatorship led to a inumerous social´s unsaid producing a social trauma, beside the subject´s individual trauma that directly suffered with the imposed violence and the disappearance of their family. Thereby, against trauma´s effect, we start to ask, supported by the psychoanalytic theory, the possible forms of transmission and language of the same. Through a utopian´s look, we seek to present a counter-history of the dictatorship, outlined by the testimonials and the gathering of the remains and tracks of a singular history, the silenced life of Ana Rosa Kucinski, wich was killed and political missing. The narratives which was given to the “Comissão Nacional da Verdade” helped in this path and marked out the importance of the files. In the same way, the fictional and testimonial literature of the Bernardo Kucinski´s book “K: Relato de uma busca” (2014a), also demonstrated the relevance of creation as a way to facing the shapeless imposed by the violence. We believe in the power of the testimonial and writing as a form of transmission and historicizing the traumatic.

A violência exercida durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira acarretou inúmeros não-ditos sociais produzindo um trauma social, além do trauma individual dos sujeitos que sofreram diretamente com a violência imposta e o desaparecimento dos seus familiares. Dessa forma, diante dos efeitos deste traumático, passamos a questionar, apoiados na teoria psicanalítica, as possíveis formas de transmissão e de linguagem do mesmo. Por meio de um olhar utópico, buscamos apresentar uma contra-história da ditadura, esboçada através dos testemunhos e dos recolhimentos dos restos e rastros de uma história singular, a vida silenciada de Ana Rosa Kucinski que foi morta e desaparecida política. As narrativas dadas à Comissão Nacional da Verdade ajudaram nesse percurso e demarcaram a importância dos arquivos. Do mesmo modo, a literatura ficcional e testemunhal do livro K: relato de uma busca (2014a), de Bernardo Kucinski, também demostrou a relevância da criação como um modo de enfrentamento do sem forma imposto pela violência. Assim, acreditamos na potência do testemunho e da escrita enquanto formas de transmissão e historicização do traumático. / The violence exercised during the Brazilian’s civil-military dictatorship led to a inumerous social´s unsaid producing a social trauma, beside the subject´s individual trauma that directly suffered with the imposed violence and the disappearance of their family. Thereby, against trauma´s effect, we start to ask, supported by the psychoanalytic theory, the possible forms of transmission and language of the same. Through a utopian´s look, we seek to present a counter-history of the dictatorship, outlined by the testimonials and the gathering of the remains and tracks of a singular history, the silenced life of Ana Rosa Kucinski, wich was killed and political missing. The narratives which was given to the “Comissão Nacional da Verdade” helped in this path and marked out the importance of the files. In the same way, the fictional and testimonial literature of the Bernardo Kucinski´s book “K: Relato de uma busca” (2014a), also demonstrated the relevance of creation as a way to facing the shapeless imposed by the violence. We believe in the power of the testimonial and writing as a form of transmission and historicizing the traumatic.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Esta pesquisa consiste fundamentalmente no estudo crÃtico de uma seleÃÃo de poemas de Henriqueta Lisboa, em especial da obra Flor da morte (1949), naquilo que ela tem de âpoesia puraâ, segundo concepÃÃes estabelecidas a partir das pesquisas de autores que se pronunciam sobre o tema, como Henri BrÃmond, Henry Decker, Paul ValÃry e Robert Penn Warren, e considerando as concepÃÃes de poesia expressas pela prÃpria poeta em seus textos ensaÃsticos. Consideramos, tambÃm, textos de estudiosos da obra de Henriqueta Lisboa e da âpoesia puraâ, como forma de enriquecer nosso estudo, buscando refletir e tentar responder a alguns questionamentos: como a âpoesia puraâ comparece na obra de Henriqueta Lisboa? A partir dessa inquisiÃÃo surgem, por conseguinte, outras indagaÃÃes: em que quantidade, em quais poemas da obra Flor da Morte, segundo qual conceito de poesia pura, em que possÃvel diversidade de manifestaÃÃes? O fundamento teÃrico da pesquisa provÃm de teÃricos como de Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Derrida, Emanuel Levinas, Maurice Blanchot, principalmente, Martin Heidegger, entre outros. Por fim, relacionamos os textos estudados para o estabelecimento das conclusÃes, acrescidas das possibilidades de descobertas geradas por essas leituras, alÃm de levantarmos questÃes relativas à arte, à literatura brasileira, à escritura, especialmente, e a crÃtica literÃria contemporÃnea, de forma enriquecida e sistematizada, tudo sob o viÃs da literatura contemporÃnea. / Esta pesquisa consiste fundamentalmente no estudo crÃtico de uma seleÃÃo de poemas de Henriqueta Lisboa, em especial da obra Flor da morte (1949), naquilo que ela tem de âpoesia puraâ, segundo concepÃÃes estabelecidas a partir das pesquisas de autores que se pronunciam sobre o tema, como Henri BrÃmond, Henry Decker, Paul ValÃry e Robert Penn Warren, e considerando as concepÃÃes de poesia expressas pela prÃpria poeta em seus textos ensaÃsticos. Consideramos, tambÃm, textos de estudiosos da obra de Henriqueta Lisboa e da âpoesia puraâ, como forma de enriquecer nosso estudo, buscando refletir e tentar responder a alguns questionamentos: como a âpoesia puraâ comparece na obra de Henriqueta Lisboa? A partir dessa inquisiÃÃo surgem, por conseguinte, outras indagaÃÃes: em que quantidade, em quais poemas da obra Flor da Morte, segundo qual conceito de poesia pura, em que possÃvel diversidade de manifestaÃÃes? O fundamento teÃrico da pesquisa provÃm de teÃricos como de Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Derrida, Emanuel Levinas, Maurice Blanchot, principalmente, Martin Heidegger, entre outros. Por fim, relacionamos os textos estudados para o estabelecimento das conclusÃes, acrescidas das possibilidades de descobertas geradas por essas leituras, alÃm de levantarmos questÃes relativas à arte, à literatura brasileira, à escritura, especialmente, e a crÃtica literÃria contemporÃnea, de forma enriquecida e sistematizada, tudo sob o viÃs da literatura contemporÃnea.

Submitted by FABÍOLA FERNANDES ANDRADE null (fabfortal@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-29T18:36:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - Fabiola Fernandes Andrade.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ff_dr_mar.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ff_dr_mar.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / A presente tese está inserida na linha de pesquisa Teoria e Práticas Pedagógicas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciência da UNESP de Marília, e articula-se aos estudos investigativos realizados pelo GRUPO DE PESQUISA PROLEAO (Processos de leitura e escrita: apropriação e objetivação). Seu objetivo primordial foi compreender o processo de criação de necessidades de leitura literária nas crianças, capaz de mobilizá-las para a apropriação do ato de ler, ou seja, da capacidade e atitudes leitoras, mediante uma metodologia pedagógica específica. A partir do objetivo geral, caracterizou-se a história de leitura e de formação da atitude leitora das crianças do quarto e do quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental. Também se avaliou a metodologia alternativa de leitura e suas implicações pedagógicas comparadas às práticas convencionais do ensino do ato de ler e às suas decorrentes transposições. Por fim, procurou-se compreender os diferentes sentidos atribuídos ao ato de ler pelas crianças. O lócus operacional foi uma escola do município de Fortaleza, na qual foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica em consonância com as investigações colaborativas, haja vista que sua construção se deu a partir de diálogos constantes com as professoras das turmas participantes dado o propósito de analisar conjuntamente os conceitos e as estratégias da metodologia pedagógica, para, em seguida, aplicar em sala de aula atividades que envolvessem as crianças na prática da leitura literária e da escrita. Desenvolvida no período de 2014 e 2015, além de possibilitar readaptações de acordo com o olhar e as vozes das crianças, favoreceu a conciliação da teoria com as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelas professoras. A matriz metodológica da pesquisa seguiu dois momentos. No primeiro, realizado sem a minha colaboração, observou-se que as crianças tratavam a leitura como uma mera tarefa escolar e não como uma "necessidade" ou um caminho para a "apropriação" da cultura, o que, de certa forma, explica o fato de chegarem ao quarto ano do ensino fundamental sem se constituírem leitoras. Também, nessa fase, foi constatado que as professoras priorizavam o ensino da gramática de forma isolada das demais atividades (leitura e produção de texto). No segundo momento, já com a minha participação, as crianças passaram a vivenciar a prática da leitura literária no cotidiano escolar, o que as levou a se apropriarem do signo linguístico como fato concreto em suas vidas, envolvendo-se nas atividades de leitura literária mediante uma metodologia pedagógica alternativa. Todo o processo se dividiu em três fases: a fase exploratória, a de produção dos dados e a da análise sistemática dos dados produzidos. Como resultado, houve um efeito positivo na formação leitora, uma vez que as crianças se envolveram nas atividades de leitura e escrita, passaram a conversar sobre os livros lidos e solicitaram outros livros de literatura além dos disponíveis. Tais iniciativas são denotativas de constituição da capacidade e atitude leitoras, mediante a criação de necessidades para ler, lendo cada vez mais, progressivamente, de forma autônoma. / The current thesis is part of the research on theory and teaching practices of the Post-Graduation on Education, Faculty of Philosophy and Science of UNESP Marilia, and it articulates with the investigative studies by PROLEAO RESEARCH GROUP (Reading Processes and Writing: appropriation and objectification). Its primary objective was to understand the process of creating literary reading needs on children in order to mobilize them for the appropriation of the act of reading, that is, of the reader’s capacity and attitude, through a specific teaching methodology. From the general objective, it was characterized the history of reading and creating readings attitudes on children from the fourth and fifth years of elementary school; it was assessed an alternative methodology for reading teaching and its pedagogical implications when compared to conventional practices and to their resulting transpositions. At the end, it was searched an understanding to the different meanings attributed to the act of reading by children. The Operating locus was a school in the city of Fortaleza, where empirical research was conducted according to the collaborative research, considering that its construction was applied from iterative dialogue with the teachers from the participant classes, since the purpose was to analyze collectively the concepts and strategies of the teaching methodology, and then to apply in the classroom activities involving children in the practice of literary reading and writing. This methodology had the operating locus at a school in the city of Fortaleza, where a survey was conducted following the collaborative research standards, in such a manner its elaboration came from a constant dialogue with the teachers of the participating classes, given the purpose of a combined analysis of the concepts and strategies of the pedagogical methodology in use, and then to apply the elaborated activities in classroom involving the children into the practice of literary reading and writing. The field research was conducted in the period from 2014 until 2015 and, besides allowing readjustments according to the children’s look and voices, it supported the reconciliation of the theory with the pedagogical practices used by the teachers. The methodological research matrix followed two moments. In the first moment, without any interference of mine, it was observed that children treated reading as a mere school task and not as a "need" or a path to the "appropriation" of culture, which somehow explains the fact that they are reaching the fourth year of elementary school without become real readers. Also during this moment, it was found that the teachers prioritized the grammar teaching detached from other related activities (reading and text production). In the second moment, with my interference, the children began to experience the practice of literary reading during the everyday school life, which led them to appropriate the linguistic sign as a concrete fact in their lives, engaging them in literary reading activities through an alternative teaching methodology. The whole process was divided into three phases: the exploratory stage, the data production and the systematic analysis of the data produced. As a result, there was a positive effect on the reader training, since the children were involved in reading and writing activities and they began to talk about the books read and requested literature books beyond the available ones. Such initiatives are denotative of the constitution of readers’ capacity and attitude, by creating the needs to read, reading increasingly, progressively and autonomously.

Thèse réalisée dans le cadre d'un Ph.D.interdisciplinaire en Psychologie, en création littéraire et en orthopédagogie. L'impact de la création littéraire a été étudié chez des adolescents atteints d'une maladie chronique au CHU Sainte-Justine de Montréal. Cette recherche est exploratoire car la création littéraire n'a jamais été étudiée dans cette perspective. Elle a été réalisée sous la direction de Catherine Mavrikakis, professeure et écrivain à la Faculté des arts et sciences au Département des littératures francophones de l'Université de Montréal et de Jean-François Saucier, psychiatre et anthropologue à la Faculté de médecine au Département de psychiatrie de l'Université de Montréal et chercheur au CHU Sainte-Justine. Interdisciplinary Study. / Recherche randomisée, exploratoire, quantitative, qualitative et interdisciplinaire (psychologie, création littéraire, orthopédagogie) qui a testé l’hypothèse que l’écriture littéraire (contes, nouvelles, poèmes) faciliterait l’expression des émotions et produirait des effets positifs sur la santé d’adolescents atteints d’une maladie chronique que l’écriture dite expressive (écriture au «je» où le participant exprime ses émotions face à un événement pénible). Testé dans plus de cent (146) recherches auprès d’adultes et huit (8) auprès des jeunes, l’écriture expressive procurait des effets thérapeutiques significatifs sur la santé. Objectif: étudier les effets de l’écriture littéraire sur la symptomatologie psychophysiologique d’adolescents atteints d’une maladie chronique. Méthodes: Trente-quatre adolescents atteints d’une maladie chronique, âgés de 12 à 18 ans, recrutés dans un centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique, ont participé à 8 séances d’écriture hebdomadaire d’une durée de 30 à 50 minutes, durant 8 semaines via un site informatique confidentiel, créé spécifiquement pour la recherche et comprenant un contexte d’aide. Les participants ont été répartis entre deux groupes, aléatoirement assignés. Un groupe expérimental de 20 participants, dont 15 filles (70%), était invité à utiliser l’écriture littéraire. Un groupe contrôle de 14 participants, dont 8 filles (64%), était invité à utiliser l’écriture expressive. Les participants ont été évalués à trois reprises avec les tests Beck-13 (dépression), STAI-forme Y (anxiété), échelle des symptômes (ASC) utilisée par Santé Canada, le TAS-20 (alexithymie) et le Kidcope (stratégies adaptatives) au temps 1 (avant les séances d’écriture), au temps 2 (une semaine après la fin des séances) et au temps 3 (4 mois après la fin des séances d’écriture). Deux cent soixante-douze (272) textes ont été produits et analysés qualitativement dans une perspective littéraire mettant en lumière l’articulation du discours comme objet de sens et de perception du rapport au monde de son auteur, via l’énonciation émotionnelle et les phénomènes de tension discursive. Résultats quantitatifs: Les résultats montrent que l’écriture littéraire ET l’écriture expressive seraient efficaces pour diminuer la dépression, l’anxiété et les symptômes physiologiques. Par contre, l’écriture expressive s’avèrerait plus efficace que l’écriture littéraire pour diminuer la dépression alors qu’il n’y aurait aucune différence entre les deux écritures pour diminuer l’anxiété et les symptômes physiologiques. L’écriture littéraire serait plus efficace pour diminuer l’alexithymie. On observe: un nombre accru de stratégies d’approches utilisées; une augmentation de l’efficacité des stratégies choisies; l’écriture étant l’une des stratégies adoptées. Enfin, les participants du groupe d’écriture littéraire seraient plus persévérants après la fin des séances d’écriture. Conclusion : L’écriture littéraire, en contexte d’aide, contribuerait à diminuer les symptômes psychophysiologiques chez les adolescents atteints d’une maladie chronique. Cette stratégie s’ajouterait à d’autres stratégies de coping. / The impact of creative writing, within a helping context, on the psychological and physiological symptoms of adolescents living with chronic disease. Interdisciplinary and exploratory study.- Background: Randomized, exploratory, quantitative, qualitative, and interdisciplinary (psychology, creative writing, remedial education) study which tested the hypothesis that literary writing (tales, short stories, poems) facilitates greater emotional expression and has a more positive impact on the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents living with chronic illness compared to “expressive” writing (first-person writing in which participants express their feelings about a painful event). Aims: The objectives of this study were to explore the facilitation of emotional expression through writing and to compare the impact of literary writing vs. expressive writing on the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents living with chronic disease. Methods: Thirty-four adolescents, aged 12-18 years, living with chronic illness (diabetes, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis), were recruited in a university pediatric hospital and enrolled in eight weekly writing sessions of 30-50 minutes via a confidential Web site developed specifically for the study within a helping context. The thirty-four participants were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (literary writing), consisting of 20 participants with fifteen girls (70%), and a control group (expressive writing) consisting of 14 participants with eight girls (64%). Subjects were assessed at three times using five tests: the BDI-13 (depression), the STAI- Y (anxiety), the Health Canada ACS scale, the TAS-20 (alexithymia), and the KIDCOPE checklist (adaptive strategies). The tests were administered before writing began (T1), one week after sessions ended (T2), and four months after sessions ended (T3). Two hundred and seventy-two (272) texts were produced and analyzed qualitatively in a literary perspective emphasizing the production of discourse as an object of meaning and perception of the author’s relationship with the world through emotional expression. Quantitative results: Both types of writing were equally effective in decreasing anxiety and psychological symptoms. Expressive writing was more effective in decreasing depression. Literary writing was more effective in decreasing alexithymia. It was also noted that both types of writing increased the number of adaptive strategies with writing now part of the arsenal of coping strategies for both groups. Finally, more adolescents in the literary than in the expressive writing group continued writing. Conclusion: Literary writing, within a helping context, contributes to decreasing the various psychological symptoms of adolescents living with chronic illness and may provide them with an additional coping strategy in their stressful condition.