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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders and anxiety : A systematic literature review from 2009 to 2019.

Valencia Hernández, María Luisa January 2019 (has links)
Young people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are more prone to experience anxiety disorders at a greater level compared to their neurotypical developing counterparts, causing lifelong impairments in family, social, academic and adaptive functioning. Early interventions in childhood have been designed to minimize these stressful events and to optimize children’s developmental outcomes. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered a first-line intervention of anxiety. The review aimed to synthesize empirical literature on modified CBT interventions from 2009 until 2019 focusing on reducing anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in five databases. As a result, 10 articles were included to review. Modifications found were: a) audiovisual support and written materials, b) parental partic-ipation, c) sessions length, d) language, e) sensory and motor accommodations, f) emphasis into the behav-ioural component, g) enhancement of individual’s attention and participation, h) facilitating materials to access the content of CBT, and i) participants’ specific interests and worries. The interventions showed significant reductions in youth anxiety levels. Future research should focus on addressing which specific modifications contribute to anxiety reduction since to date, there is no evidence comparing standard CBT to modified CBT interventions. Moreover, there is a lack of anxiety-assessment instruments specially designed for individuals with ASD. In addition, considering the longstanding prevalence of male autistic rates, ASD diagnostic instru-ments should be revised to reduce bias that can mislead to an inattentive ascertainment of females with ASD.
142

Cognitive & academic function after Traumatic Brain Injury in school aged children: Documen-tation within medical and school records on problems and recommended support : A Systematic Review

Ruhukwa, Kudzai January 2018 (has links)
Background: Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been identified as a crucial public concern, causing interrup-tion in children’s cognitive development, sometimes resulting in permanent impairment or even death. Hence documen-tation in health and school records regarding their functioning or environmental restrictions post injury, seems vital for the facilitation of communication between a child’s systematic and ongoing environment. Especially since children’s health has been described as a holistic construct comprised of psycho, social and physical well-being. Requiring continual inter-disciplinary and collaborative efforts over their course of development. Aim: To explore literature related to cognitive functioning and recommended support for children who have experienced a TBI, and how professional’s document their associated problems within medical and school records regarding activities in or outside the classroom. Method: A sys-tematic review, strictly comprised of empirical studies. Selected due to its sequential structural design for attainment of literature relevant to the research topic of choice and quality assessment procedures which enable reduction of threats to bias findings. Results: A total of 9 articles were yielded after quality assessment and depicted that. Reduced processing speeds in cognitive ability domains can be regarded as the default or baseline outcomes after a childhood TBI. Predictors within these different domains impacted their adequate academic, social function and varied depending on age at injury (2-4yrs or 4-8yrs), Injury severity (mild, moderate/severe), family function and time points. Early and severe TBI showed significant residual impairments across all time points, whilst the mild to moderate groups showed low to average func-tioning, as with the typical sample groups after two-year time points. Executive, attention skills impairment and post injury support within home and school settings. Showed to have the highest impact on both behaviours in, outside the classroom and academic performance. Documentation: Mainly biological and admission details were documented in the medical records. Within school records, all except one most recent study used either parental, teacher reports or direct measures to assess functioning of TBI affected children within school. Hereby a need for documentation of environmental factors within medical records, high quality transition of their TBI information within their school settings and continual docu-mentation of their progress or supports in school is required.
143

"Alendronato na prevenção da perda dentária em mulheres após a menopausa: revisão sistemática de ensaios controlados aleatorizados" / Alendronate for preventing tooth loss in postmenopausal women: systematic review of the randomised controlled trials

Valéria Gondim da Silva 17 April 2006 (has links)
O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a efetividade da terapia de alendronato (bifosfonatos) na prevenção da perda dentária em mulheres após a menopausa. A estratégia de pesquisa desenvolvida foi adaptada para nove bases de dados para ensaios clínicos controlados aleatorizados com pelo menos seis meses de duração. Foi associada a esta pesquisa uma busca em literatura cinzenta (gray literature). Além disso, entramos em contato com especialistas da área e companhias que fabricam alendronato, com a finalidade de obtermos outros estudos, materiais não publicados ou para esclarecer dados duvidosos. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram: perda dentária, mudanças no nível clínico de inserção, densidade mineral óssea dos maxilares, profundidade de sondagem e nível da crista óssea interproximal em radiografias periapicais. Foi realizada, em duplicata, a avaliação da qualidade metodológica e a extração de dados dos estudos selecionados. Não foi possível incluir ensaios clínicos nesta revisão. Entretanto, nós decidimos descrever resumidamente os dados de apenas um estudo relevante, mas com baixo poder de validade. Esta revisão, baseada em apenas um ensaio, com baixo poder de evidência, verificou que não houve diferença na perda dentária, em mulheres após a menopausa, que foram tratadas com alendronato. Além disso, não há evidências clínicas importantes para a utilização do alendronato como coadjuvante no tratamento periodontal. / The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the alendronate therapy (bisphosphonates) for the prevention of tooth loss in postmenopausal women. The research strategy included the nine major electronic databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with at least six months follow-up. An electronic approach of the several grey literature was conducted, and several experts of groups/companies involved in bisphosphonates research were contacted to find trials of unpublished material or to clarify ambiguous or missing data. The following parameters were included: tooth loss, changes in clinical attachment levels, jaw bone mineral density, probing pocket depths, and marginal bone levels on intraoral radiographs. Duplicate screening assessment in eligible RCTs of methodological quality and data extraction were conducted. No trial could be included in this review. Therefore, it was decided to describe the data of the only relevant study, thorough wish low validity. This review, based on one trial with low powered support provided some data. These data analysis showed no differences in tooth loss for postmenopausal women treated with alendronate therapy. Furthermore, no important clinical evidence was found to support the use of alendronate as coadjuvant on treatment of periodontal diseases.
144

Variabilidade comportamental em humanos: uma revisão de estudos publicados em periódicos

Figueiredo, Gabrielle Maria de 07 May 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabrielle Maria de Figueiredo.pdf: 4462399 bytes, checksum: b4d6241602376abe67c7f5d679eaefef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to characterize the literature published in scientific journals regarding behavior analysis studies about behaviaral variability with human participants. From the analysis af the references of 26 canceptual and review texts, 42 experimental articles were read in full and eight experimental articles only had abstracts available and were partially read. It was passible to identify that the majority af published articles are basic researches, followed by applied researches (there were no intervention articles found) and there isn't a featured journal for publications. Between 92 authors found only 11 published more than one article in this theme and 86% have academic affiliation. The predominant themes are variability induced by reinfarcement schedules and directly reinfarced variability, but other themes are present in publications, such as characteristics af responding and different sequences of presentatians of contingencies. The results cancerning the induced variability are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness af the schemes in producing varied respanses, while the schedÍlles that directly reinforce variability have positive results. Most articles an basic research canduct the experiments with university participants in experimental enviranments and use camputers. On the ather hand, there is a predaminance af children participants on " pplied researches, which are conducted in natural environments and use everyday objects. In both cases, the main agent of change is the experimenter himself. Measures af distributian, dispersian and recency are the most used by the experimenters to evaluate the productian af variability and, regarding the experimental design, the basic research experiments have done:m(>re graup analysis, and in applied research, more studies are dane with single-subjett designs. We faund that the researches do nat discuss the variability relating the knowledge generated by the different areas of behaviar analysis (conceptual, basic, applied and interventian), which may delay the development afthe area as a whale / Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar a literatura publicada em periódicos científicos acerca dos trabalhos de análise do comportamento sobre variabilidade comportamental realizados com participantes humanos a partir da análise das referências bibliográficas de 26 textos de conceituais e de revisão da área, foram selecionados 42 artigos experimentais que foram lidos integralmente e oito artigos experimentais em que apenas o resumo estava disponível e foram liodos parcialmente. A leitura destes artigos permitiu identificar que a maioria dos artigos publicados são de pesquisa básica, seguidos de pesquisa aplicada não foram encontrados artigos de intervenção e que não há um periódico de destaque para as publicações. Entre 92 autores encontrados, apenas publicaram mais de um artigo na área e 86% tem filiação acadêmica. Os temas predominantes são de variabilidade induzida por esquemas de reforçamento e variabilidade diretamente reforçada, porém outros temas estão presentes nas publicações, tais como características do responder e sequência de apresentação das contingências. Os resultados referentes à variabilidade induzida são inconclusivos em relação à efetividade dos esquemas em produzir responder variado, enquanto os esquemas que reforçam diretamente a variabilidade obtém resultados positivos. A maior parte dos artigos de pesquisa básica realiza seus experimentos com participantes universitários, em ambientes experimentais e com o uso de computadores. Por outro lado, nas pesquisas aplicadas há predominância de participantes crianças e!as coletas são realizadas em ambientes naturais e utilizam objetos do cotidiano. Em ambos os casos o principal agente de mudança é o próprio experimentador. As medidas de distribuição, dispersão e recência são as mais utilizadas pelos experimentadores para avaliar a produção de variabilidade e, com relação ao delineamento experimental, mais experimentos de pesquisa básica fizeram análises de grupo e, nas pesquisas aplicadas, há mais estudos com análises de sujeito único. Foi possível identificar que os trabalhos da área não discutem a variabilidade relacionando o conhecimento gerado pelas diferentes frentes da análise do comportamento conceitual, básica, aplicada e intervenção, o que pode atrasar o desenvolvimento da área como um todo.
145

Språkrör åt båda håll? En litteraturstudie om faktorer som inverkar på samtal som översätts av tolk

Backe, Eva, Gudmundsdottir, Margret January 2009 (has links)
Kommunikation är ett viktigt redskap för att förmedla information och få kontakt med andra människor. Ett sätt att lösa de problem som uppstår i samtal med patienter som inte talar samma språk är att använda tolk. Tolken har två uppdrag eftersom han eller hon företräder både patient och vårdpersonal. Tolkens uppgift är att möjliggöra kommunikation mellan personer som inte talar samma språk, hans eller hennes roll är att vara neutral i det som sägs mellan patient och vårdpersonal. För att uppnå en nära relation till patienten behöver vårdpersonal och tolk vara engagerade och tillgängliga i kommunikationen med varandra och patienten. Kommunikation mellan tre parter innebär stora utmaningar för alla inblandade. Syftet är att beskriva faktorer som inverkar på samtalet mellan vårdpersonal och patient som översätts av tolk. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats där fjorton kvalitativa artiklar som motsvarade vårt syfte analyserades. Litteratursökningen har skett genom en systematisk sökning i databaserna Cinahl, Blackwell Synergy och Samsök. I analysen framkom sju kategorier vilka beskrivs vidare i resultatet. Kategorierna är Brist på tid, Tolk och vårdpersonal har makt över tiden, Brist på tolk, Dyrt att använda tolk, Okunskap om tolkverksamheten, Oprofessionella tolkar samt Fördel att använda samma tolk. Resultatet i vår studie visar att det finns stora brister i samarbetsformerna mellan vårdpersonal och tolkar och att vårdsektorn och tolkservice måste utveckla nya samarbetsformer så att flexibiliteten i samtalet och vårdandet ökar. / <p>Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>
146

DET BOR EN MÄNNISKA BAKOM BEROENDET : Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter som befinner sig i ett substansberoende.

Widing, Therese, Andersson, Therese January 2019 (has links)
Background: Patients’ who are in a substance dependency experience a constant feeling of being mistrusted and sorted as bad people instead of being seen as the human being behind the substance dependency. Previous research from a patient perspective shows major shortcomings in the treatment of patients. Stigmatization and prejudice are clearly prominent and are major barriers to achieving good and fair care. Patients describe how the staff's treatment is of great importance in the way of proper care and recovery. Aim: To describe the nurse’s experience of caring for patients with a substance dependency. Method: The chosen method is a systematic literature study with a qualitative approach based of eleven qualitative articles.  Result: The nurses’ experiences appeared in three themes; Barriers to good care, The opportunities for good care and Deficiencies in the healthcare organization. Conclusion: The nurses 'view of patients with substance dependence varied between prejudices and an understanding of the patients' situation. One reason for prejudice was insufficient education and lack of understanding of the patient’s background.  The nurses worked under conditions that made it difficult to accommodate the patients’ specific needs. Further education and knowledge of substance dependency is needed. / Bakgrund: Patienter som befinner sig i ett substansberoende upplever en ständig känsla av att bli misstrodd och att de sorterades in som dåliga människor istället för att bli sedda som människan bakom substansberoendet. Tidigare forskning ur ett patientperspektiv visar på stora brister i bemötandet i vården. Stigmatisering och fördomar är tydligt framträdande och är en stor barriär i att uppnå en god och rättvis vård. Patienter beskriver hur personalens bemötande har en mycket stor betydelse i vägen mot rätt vård och tillfrisknande. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter som befinner sig i ett substansberoende. Metod: Den valda metoden är en systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats baserad på elva kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser framträdde i tre teman; Hinder för god omvårdnad, Möjligheter till god omvårdnad och Brister i vårdorganisationen. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskornas syn på patienter med substansberoende varierade mellan fördomar och en förståelse för patienternas situation. En orsak för fördomarna kan vara otillräcklig utbildning samt bristande förståelse för patienternas bakgrund och nuvarande situation. Sjuksköterskorna arbetade under förhållanden som gjorde det svårt att tillgodogöra patienternas särskilda behov. Det behövs ytterligare utbildning och kunskap inom substansberoende och relaterade problem.
147

Sjuksköterskans copingstrategier vid stress : - En litteraturöversikt / Nurse’s coping strategies in dealing with stress - A literature review

Berg, Karolin, Gunnarsdottir, Moeidur January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund Coping innebär individens förmåga att anpassa sig efter och hantera olika förhållanden. För att kunna hantera den stress som finns i sjuksköterskeyrket idag kan det behövas kunskap om olika copingstrategier. Sjuksköterskans roll och ansvar har vuxit och kräver mer av sjuksköterskan. Bristande arbetsmiljö kan bidra till ökad risk för stress i arbetet. En del i KASAM, känsla av sammanhang, är hanterbarhet vilket bland annat innebär att människan har de resurser för att möta de krav och påfrestningar den ställs inför. Syfte Att sammanställa vilka copingstrategier sjuksköterskan kan använda i omvårdnaden för att hantera stress. Metod Litteraturöversikt baserad på 15 artiklar publicerade mellan 2008 och 2018. Databaserna som användes var Cinahl, PubMed och Psycinfo. Resultat De olika copingstrategier som framkom att sjuksköterskorna kunde använda sig av för att hantera stress var Be om hjälp och socialt stöd, Positivt tänkande, Självkontroll, Problemlösning, Acceptans, Flykt och undvikande, Utöva religion samt Återhämtning. Copingstrategierna delades in i två kategorier, Känslofokuserad coping och Problemfokuserad coping. Slutsats Resultatet i litteraturöversikten visar att sjuksköterskor använder flera olika copingstrategier för att kunna hantera stress. Den mest förekommande copingstrategin var att be om hjälp och socialt stöd. / Background Coping is the individual's ability to adapt to and handle different conditions. In order to handle stress in the nursing profession today, knowledge about different coping strategies may be needed. The nursing role and the responsibility of nurses has grown and more is required of the nurse. Unhealthy working environment can contribute to increased risk of stress at work. A part of SOC, a sense of coherence, is manageability, which can mean that a person has the resources to meet the demands and stress that she or he or she faces. Aim The aim of this review of literature was to compile the coping strategies nurses use to cope with stress Method The Literature review is based on 15 articles published between 2008 and 2018. Databases used were Cinahl, PubMed and Psycinfo. Result The different coping strategies that were found showed that nurses could use Asking for help and social support, Positive thinking, Self-control, Problem solving, Acceptance, Escape and avoidance, Exercising religion and Recovery. Coping strategies were divided into two categories, Emotion-focused coping and Problem-focused coping. Conclusion The result in the literature review shows that nurses use several different coping strategies to handle stress. The most common coping strategy was to ask for help and social support.
148

Vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2 : En litteraturöversikt / Adult persons´ experiences of living with diabetes type 2 : A literature review

Carlson, Åsa, Söderström, Monica January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus kommer att vara den sjunde ledande dödsorsaken år 2030 och i dagsläget lever omkring 422 miljoner vuxna i världen med diabetes. Den vanligaste formen är diabetes typ 2 och risken att utveckla allvarliga komplikationer är hög. Eftersom livsstilsförändringar är en central del av behandlingen läggs stor vikt vid patientens förmåga till egenvård. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är att ge god omvårdnad, vilket innebär att samla in information gällande patientens behov samt stärka patientens egenvårdsförmåga. Syfte : Att beskriva vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där 16 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts. Resultat: Personernas upplevelse av diabetes typ 2 har sammanställts i tre huvudkategorier med tillhörande underkategorier. De emotionella aspekterna av sjukdomen var starkt framträdande och många upplevde svårigheter med att anpassa sig till en ny livsstil. Även relationer påverkades och stödet från omgivningen var viktigt. Slutsats: Att leva med diabetes typ 2 är förknippat med emotionella upplevelser och att göra livsstilsförändringar är för många en kamp. Stödet från närstående är viktigt och det är även av stor betydelse att läkare och sjuksköterskor ger individuell feedback, information och stöd i egenvården. / Background: Diabetes mellitus will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030 and 422 million adults in the world are currently living with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes account for the vast majority of people affected with the disease. Diabetes can result in a variety of serious complications. Making lifestyle changes is a central part of the treatment and the patient’s ability to self-manage the disease is therefore emphasised. Nurses are responsible for providing high quality nursing care, and this includes collecting information about the patient and strengthening the patient’s ability for self-care. Aim: To describe adult persons’ experiences of living with diabetes type 2. Method: A literature review of 16 qualitative articles, which were critically reviewed, analyzed and compiled. Result: The persons’ experiences are presented in three main categories with associated subcategories. The emotional aspects of living with diabetes were prominent and many had difficulties adapting to a new lifestyle. Relationships were affected and social support was seen as important. Conclusion: Living with diabetes can cause emotional reactions and making lifestyle changes is a struggle for many. The social support from family and friends is important and receiving feedback, information and support from doctors and nurses regarding self-care is also of great importance.
149

Vårdandet vid utskrivning : En systematisk litteraturstudie utifrån patienters upplevelser

Gran, Gabriella, Nilsson, Robin January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Utskrivningen från slutenvården till hemmet är ett sårbart moment för patienter som övergår mellan två olika miljöer. Tidigare forskning visar att sjuksköterskor upplever utskrivningen som otydlig. Sjuksköterskor ser inte alltid utskrivningen som ett vårdande tillfälle eller upplever att det inte finns möjlighet att vårda. Det är oklart hur patienter påverkas av sjuksköterskans perspektiv på utskrivningen. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av vårdandet vid utskrivning. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design och analys av 13 kvalitativa vårdvetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Vårdrelationen vid utskrivning brister och patienter känner sig utelämnade. De upplever att deras behov inte blir uppmärksammade och att de blir utskickade. Patienter upplever att informationen är otillräcklig och att de inte får hjälp att förstå den. De vet inte vad de har att förvänta sig och blir oroliga. Omfattande information anses vara betryggande. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor behöver förbättra sitt helhetsperspektiv på patienterna vid utskrivning. Mer uppdaterad kunskap angående vårdande relationer behövs för att synliggöra patientens behov och kunna utföra vårdande handlingar.
150

Våldsutsatta kvinnor och sjuksköterskans beredskap- En litteraturöversikt / The abused woman and the nurse’s readiness A literature review

Hirsi, Sucdi, Deeg Jimcaalle, Farhia January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund : Studier visar att en av tre kvinnor världen över har blivit utsatta för våld. Undersökningen Slagen dam visar att cirka hälften av Sveriges kvinnor har blivit utsatta för sexuella-och fysiska hot någon gång efter de fyllt 15 år. Våld mot kvinnor finns i alla samhällsklasser och är ett av världshälsoproblemen. Kvinnor som har blivit utsatta för våld söker sig ofta till vården. Därför har hälso-sjukvården en nyckelroll till att upptäcka och stödja våldsutsatta kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att sammanställa kunskap om vilken beredskap som finns för sjuksköterskor att bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor. Metod : Designen är en litteraturöversikt. Datainsamlingen har skett i databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed och Web OF Science. Resultat : Resultatet är baserat på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar och visar tre huvudområden: Vikten av utbildning, Sjuksköterskans beredskap i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan och organisatoriska faktorer. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonal har brist på utbildning och beredskap för att kunna möta kvinnor som har blivit utsatta för våld. Förutom att det finns brist på beredskap finns det också tidsbrist samt kommunikationsbrist mellan myndigheterna något som ytterligare motverkade chansen till att stödja våldsutsatta kvinnor. Slutsats : Utifrån föreliggande litteraturöversikt kan slutsatsen dras att tydliga riktlinjer, utbildning, övning, beredskap behövs och program/ rutiner för att kunna stödja den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Det är vidare avgörande att få stöd från organisatorisk ledare för att kunna uppnå förändring. / Background: Studies show that one of three women worldwide is expose to partner violence. The study slagen dam shows that almost half of the women in Sweden have been exposed to sexual and physical threats sometime after they reach the age of 15. Violence upon women is major public health problem that you can find in every social group in society. Women who are expose to partner violence are more likely to seek hospital help. Purpose: The aim of the literature review was to collocate knowledge and preparedness of nurses when they are encountering women who are exposed to violence. Method: The method is a literature review. Data collection has taken place in databases Cinahl and PubMed and Web of science. Results: The finding is based on 15 scientific articles and 3 key areas: The importance of education, nurse’s preparation for meetings regarding abused women, and organization elements. The result articles illustrate that health-care professional has limited knowledge and preparedness to help and counting women who were victims of abuse. Lack of time and lack of communication between different authorities created a barrier to identify women who were exposed to violence. Conclusions: From this study, the clue can drown that guidelines, knowledge, and training are need, in order to help women who are living with partner violence.

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