The overall aim with this dissertation is to contribute to a deeper knowledge of three interwoven problem complexes. First, the aim is to analyse the functions of the press in society, in this context with a particular focus on the provincial press. Second, special attention is given to the significance of regional patterns of values for the potential of the newspapers to function. Third, the dissertation deals with the difficult and complex questions of the conditions for the public discourse. The primary aim is to analyse in detail what can be expressed in a particular environment at a particular time. The area investigated is the county of Kronoberg in the period 1880-1910. The empirical basis for the dissertation consists of in-depth studies of some attempts to establish newspapers in the county, along with a number of thematic studies. On the basis of previous research a number of functions of the press has been identified: information, politics, economy, education, entertainment and identity. The thematic studies of this dissertation reveals the context-bound relationship between the various functions. All the studies conducted here shows clearly that the occurrence of specific regional patterns of values was of great significance for the actions of the newspapers. All the newspapers studied recognize the existence of a shared foundation of values in the region. Some of the newspapers supported the ideals, others tried to combat them. None of them tried to deny that they existed or that they were significant. With Jürgen Habermas' model of public discourse as a starting-point and with the aid of four key terms - public sphere, accessibility, critique and discursive tone - I have systematically tried to capture the significance of the press for the conditions in which the public discourse is carried on.

Many Latin American countries have during the past decades experienced an increase in violence (Howard et al 2007:716). The expansion of youth gangs and drug cartels in many countries of the region, and the states policy to fight these groups with a strong fist, has created a situation bearing the characteristics of an un-proclaimed civil war, that has come to affect all social classes (ibid:719). This expansion of the problem of violence, and the notion of insecurity it brings, has resulted in an increase in talk about the matter. As a way of trying to grasp control over a seemingly out of control issue, people automatically try to pin down characteristics of the potential perpetrators. Already socially excluded people and minorities on the bottom of the social hierarchy are the ones that have to suffer the stigmatization of criminality as they are seen as more prone to assort to crime and violence due to their economical desperate and unjust living situations (Caldeira 2000:92). These people that are the most exposed and vulnerable to the effects of economic development become personified with the problems that social exclusion and economic inequality creates, such as crime and violence (Howard et al 2007:716). As these groups of people become criminalized, the question of solving these issues becomes not a question of solving the root causes such as the economic inequalities, but the government’s ability to keep these social groups at bay (Caldeira 2000:90). An increase in violence and crime is therefore not perceived as a result of inequality in income and opportunity, but rather as the result of a weak state (ibid). This aim of this research is to analyze how media discourses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contributes to the personification of the residents of the Favelas as violent and criminal. This paper will follow the lines of critical discourse analysis theories, which argue that media discourses justify unequal power relations in society and enforces inequality and the social exclusion of minorities (Van Dijk 1988:25). It will also be argued that it is this stereotypical view of the residents of the Favela as inheritably criminal and violent which lead to dehumanization of them and the justification of the killings of civilians in these neighborhoods (Caldeira 2000:20; Goldstein 2003:205; Perlman 2010:172).

2 (45)AbstractAuthors: Gunnel Forssell Ehrlich & Alexandra WinbergTitle: Gender in local press – a quantitative study of four local newspapers Level: BA Thesis in Media and Communication StudiesLocation: Linnaeus UniversityLanguage: SwedishNumber of pages: 50The report shows a quantitative study of balance in gender and position of power in the local press. The study aimed to shed light on the distribution of space in the newspaper between men and women, those within power and those without in Swedish local press. The study was conducted with four newspapers, during a month of time with local editorial news material. In our study, we have assumed Lippmann’s and Strömbäck’s theories of pseudo-reality and distribution of gender and position of power in Sahlstrand and Jarlbro. The study showed slightly better results in the gender balance than previous research have shown. Local press gives more room for non-in power than previous research suggests.

A qualitative study of how Småland local media depict Florence Stephen's declaration of invalidity This is a study that deals with the way in which Florence Stephen's declaration of affairs is viewed from the perspective of the local press. Previous research done in the field shows that Stephen was declared invalid on February 23, 1957, and the proposal for this was already taken on October 27, 1956. To complete the study, a qualitative text analysis has been conducted. This has been done with help from the newspapers Smålandsposten, Kronobergaren and Växjöbladet. Lukes and Focault's power perspective has been used as theoretical tools to analyze the results of the study. The result of the study shows that the papers depict the course starting from the first hearing on January 17, 1957 until Stephens asks himself unauthorized. Until her declaration of confidentiality, the newspapers write partly why the decision on her declaration of invalidity was taken and partly who made the decision. In newspapers, it is also possible to read that Stephen opposed the decision and fought for his authority. In addition, historical perspectives are presented regarding the negative development that occurred during her time as a user owner.

Os estudos acerca dos modos de ação discursiva especialmente, no que se refere aos gêneros discursivos são marcados por uma grande pluralidade de abordagens, que tendem a enfatizar ora a polarização, ora a integração das noções de estabilidade, dinamicidade, produto e processo como princípios fundamentais de sua constituição. Nesta tese por meio de um diálogo entre a Teoria da Estruturação (GIDDENS, 2009), a proposta crítico-discursiva (FAIRCLOUGH, 2007), a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY & MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e o conceito de Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK, 2004) , concebe-se e analisa-se a ação discursiva a partir de seus processos de construção, apresentando uma proposta teórico-metodológica calcada em procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos que enfocam a depreensão de padrões semântico-discursivos de recursos linguísticos socialmente motivados e funcionalmente coesos, orientados em termos teleológicos e negociativos que busca fornecer bases para o exame do embate fundamental, intrínseco às práticas discursivas, entre os processos de estabilização geridos, principalmente, pelas coerções estruturais das distintas esferas dos sistemas sociais, que, por meio de sua deontologia, hierarquizam os padrões preferenciais de recursos linguísticos associados à realização de determinadas teleologias socialmente motivadas e dinamização promovidos pelos atores sociais em relação às instituições e das organizações diante da esfera, em uma atividade negociativa constante que atua na tensão entre padronização e inovação, entre resistência e complacência, entre hegemonia e alternatividade. Nessa perspectiva, tornou-se possível examinar o processo de negociação intersubjetiva empreendido nos editoriais da imprensa paulistana de bairro, o que permitiu depreender tanto suas idiossincrasias institucionais e identitárias, quanto as preferências deontológicas relativas à esfera e aos imperativos de comunicação contemporâneos, associados ao mercado simbólico. Desse modo, pôde-se constatar que a imprensa paulistana de bairro constitui-se em uma esfera multifacetada, cujos editoriais apresentam padrões preferenciais variados de construção discursiva, tanto em termos sintagmáticos quanto paradigmáticos, cumprindo diversas teleologias centrais criticar, exortar, exaltar e informar , de modo a perpassar múltiplas estratégias de construção de autoridade, credibilidade, intimidade e comprometimento, atualizadas segundo uma combinatória complexa de recursos interpessoais de avaliatividade, envolvimento e exortatividade. / The studies about the discursive ways of acting specially, the ones which focus the notion of genre are marked by a vast plurality of approaches, stressing either the polarization, either the integration of the notions of stability, dynamicity, product and process as fundamental principles of their constitution. This thesis through a convergence between the Structuration Theory (GIDDENS, 2009), the critical discursive approach (FAIRCLOUGH, 2007), the Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY & MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and the concept of Discourse Tradition (KABATEK, 2004) conceives and analyzes the discursive action considering its process of construction, proposing a methodological and theoretical approach based on quantitative and qualitative procedures that emphasize the detection of discursivesemantic patterns of socially motivated and functionally cohesive linguistic resources, oriented in terms of teleology and intersubjective negotiation which aims to provide basis for the investigation of the fundamental conflict between processes of stability governed, mainly, by the structural coercions of distinct fields in the social systems, which, by means of their deontology, hierarchize the preferential patterns of linguistic resources associated with the execution of certain socially motivated functionalities and dynamicity promoted by social actors in interaction with institutions and by organizations towards their fields of activity, in a constant negotiative development that operates in the tension between standardization and innovation, resistance and compliance, hegemony and alternativity. Thus, it became possible to examine the process of intersubjective negotiation undertaken in São Paulo citys local press editorials, allowing the detection of not only institutional and identificational idiosyncrasies, but also of the deontological preferences associated with the field of activity and the contemporary imperatives of communication, which are intrinsically connected to the developments in the symbolic market. Hence, we could establish that the local press constitute itself as a multifaceted field, with editorials that hold several preferential patterns of discursive construction, encompassing both paradigmatic and syntagmatic compositionality, and fulfill diverse central functionalities criticizing, exhorting, praising and informing , achieved by the actualization of multiple strategies of authority, credibility, intimacy and commitment construal, allowed by a complex combination of interpersonal resources of appraisal, involvement and exhortation.

Os estudos acerca dos modos de ação discursiva especialmente, no que se refere aos gêneros discursivos são marcados por uma grande pluralidade de abordagens, que tendem a enfatizar ora a polarização, ora a integração das noções de estabilidade, dinamicidade, produto e processo como princípios fundamentais de sua constituição. Nesta tese por meio de um diálogo entre a Teoria da Estruturação (GIDDENS, 2009), a proposta crítico-discursiva (FAIRCLOUGH, 2007), a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY & MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e o conceito de Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK, 2004) , concebe-se e analisa-se a ação discursiva a partir de seus processos de construção, apresentando uma proposta teórico-metodológica calcada em procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos que enfocam a depreensão de padrões semântico-discursivos de recursos linguísticos socialmente motivados e funcionalmente coesos, orientados em termos teleológicos e negociativos que busca fornecer bases para o exame do embate fundamental, intrínseco às práticas discursivas, entre os processos de estabilização geridos, principalmente, pelas coerções estruturais das distintas esferas dos sistemas sociais, que, por meio de sua deontologia, hierarquizam os padrões preferenciais de recursos linguísticos associados à realização de determinadas teleologias socialmente motivadas e dinamização promovidos pelos atores sociais em relação às instituições e das organizações diante da esfera, em uma atividade negociativa constante que atua na tensão entre padronização e inovação, entre resistência e complacência, entre hegemonia e alternatividade. Nessa perspectiva, tornou-se possível examinar o processo de negociação intersubjetiva empreendido nos editoriais da imprensa paulistana de bairro, o que permitiu depreender tanto suas idiossincrasias institucionais e identitárias, quanto as preferências deontológicas relativas à esfera e aos imperativos de comunicação contemporâneos, associados ao mercado simbólico. Desse modo, pôde-se constatar que a imprensa paulistana de bairro constitui-se em uma esfera multifacetada, cujos editoriais apresentam padrões preferenciais variados de construção discursiva, tanto em termos sintagmáticos quanto paradigmáticos, cumprindo diversas teleologias centrais criticar, exortar, exaltar e informar , de modo a perpassar múltiplas estratégias de construção de autoridade, credibilidade, intimidade e comprometimento, atualizadas segundo uma combinatória complexa de recursos interpessoais de avaliatividade, envolvimento e exortatividade. / The studies about the discursive ways of acting specially, the ones which focus the notion of genre are marked by a vast plurality of approaches, stressing either the polarization, either the integration of the notions of stability, dynamicity, product and process as fundamental principles of their constitution. This thesis through a convergence between the Structuration Theory (GIDDENS, 2009), the critical discursive approach (FAIRCLOUGH, 2007), the Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY & MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and the concept of Discourse Tradition (KABATEK, 2004) conceives and analyzes the discursive action considering its process of construction, proposing a methodological and theoretical approach based on quantitative and qualitative procedures that emphasize the detection of discursivesemantic patterns of socially motivated and functionally cohesive linguistic resources, oriented in terms of teleology and intersubjective negotiation which aims to provide basis for the investigation of the fundamental conflict between processes of stability governed, mainly, by the structural coercions of distinct fields in the social systems, which, by means of their deontology, hierarchize the preferential patterns of linguistic resources associated with the execution of certain socially motivated functionalities and dynamicity promoted by social actors in interaction with institutions and by organizations towards their fields of activity, in a constant negotiative development that operates in the tension between standardization and innovation, resistance and compliance, hegemony and alternativity. Thus, it became possible to examine the process of intersubjective negotiation undertaken in São Paulo citys local press editorials, allowing the detection of not only institutional and identificational idiosyncrasies, but also of the deontological preferences associated with the field of activity and the contemporary imperatives of communication, which are intrinsically connected to the developments in the symbolic market. Hence, we could establish that the local press constitute itself as a multifaceted field, with editorials that hold several preferential patterns of discursive construction, encompassing both paradigmatic and syntagmatic compositionality, and fulfill diverse central functionalities criticizing, exhorting, praising and informing , achieved by the actualization of multiple strategies of authority, credibility, intimacy and commitment construal, allowed by a complex combination of interpersonal resources of appraisal, involvement and exhortation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Resende de Oliveira.pdf: 440759 bytes, checksum: 807213343a2041d0fe1c4b2485d1b59c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-30 / This study analyzes the local printed press produced on the Brazilian side of the Triple Border, the region on the frontiers of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and takes as an example the Brazilian newspaper A Gazeta do Iguaçu, edited in the city of Iguassu Falls, PR, which is part of trinational region. The main objectives are to analyze the characteristics of this local press, the incidence of news about the border, the relationship of this vehicle with the related communities and with the human groups that live in the region, as well as the level of influence and level of commitment of the newspaper with Iguassu Falls politics. The theoretical-methodological base is composed by bibliography on the global-local issue, studies about multiculturalism and cultural diversity (cultural studies) and inquiries about the local and regional communication. The utilized techniques were, aside from the bibliographical review, the analysis of A Gazeta do Iguaçu newspaper s content and semistructured interviews. Among the conclusions, it was verified that the coverage of the border is a priority topic, but at the same time it loses space to the opinion journalism, through diverse social and opinion columns, that occupy most of the local daily periodical s space. / Este estudo analisa a mídia impressa local produzida no lado brasileiro da Tríplice Fronteira, região limítrofe entre Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina e toma como exemplar o jornal brasileiro A Gazeta do Iguaçu, editado na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, que compõe a área trinacional. Os principais objetivos são analisar as características desta mídia local, a incidência de notícias sobre a fronteira, o relacionamento daquele veículo com as comunidades e com os grupos humanos que vivem na região, bem como o grau de influência e o nível de comprometimento do jornal com a política de Foz do Iguaçu. A base teóricometodológica constituiu-se de bibliografia sobre a questão global- local, dos estudos sobre multiculturalismo e diversidade cultural (estudos culturais), e dos questionamentos acerca de comunicação local e regional. As técnicas utilizadas foram, além da revisão bibliográfica, a análise de conteúdo do jornal A Gazeta do Iguaçu e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Dentre as conclusões encontradas, verificou-se que a cobertura da fronteira é uma pauta prioritária, mas que ao mesmo tempo, perde espaço para o jornalismo de opinião, através das diversas colunas de opinião e sociais, que ocupam a maior parte do noticiário cotidiano local.(AU)

Στην παρούσα εργασία εστιάζουμε το ενδιαφέρον μας στα δημοσιεύματα τεσσάρων εφημερίδων του τύπου των Πατρών, σχετικά με το Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών από την ίδρυση μέχρι τη θεμελίωσή του, κατά τη χρονική περίοδο 1964 μέχρι το 1968. Οι εφημερίδες που μελετώνται είναι ο Νεολόγος, η Πελοπόννησος, η Ημέρα και ο Εθνικός Κήρυκας. Μέσα σε μία περίοδο έντονων πολιτικών, οικονομικών και κοινωνικών εξελίξεων και συγκρούσεων και με βάση τις πολιτικές και ιδεολογικές πεποιθήσεις των παραπάνω εφημερίδων, προσπαθήσαμε να αναδείξουμε τη θέση και την αντιμετώπιση του τοπικού τύπου απέναντι στο νέο Πανεπιστήμιο κατά τη διάρκεια των πέντε ετών. Το υλικό μας αποτελείται κατά κύριο λόγο από πρωτογενείς πηγές (τα άρθρα των εφημερίδων), που για την επεξεργασία τους χρησιμοποιήσαμε το μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο της ποιοτικής ανάλυσης περιεχομένου και την ερευνητική - ιστορική μέθοδο. Η θεωρητική κατάταξη στηρίζεται στην αναζήτηση και τον εντοπισμό θεωριών που αφορούν τα ΜΜΕ, το δημοσιογραφικό λόγο και τις κορπορατιστικές θεωρίες, ως σύστημα αντιπροσώπευσης συμφερόντων. Το παραπάνω θεωρητικό πλαίσιο σε συνδυασμό με το συγκείμενο της εποχής και την ιδεολογική, πολιτική γραμμή της κάθε εφημερίδας μας βοήθησαν να αναλύσουμε και να ερμηνεύσουμε τα δεδομένα μας. / In this paper we focus on four newspaper reports of Patras, about the University of Patras from its establishing to its foundation during the time period 1964 to 1968. The newspapers studied are "Neologos", "Peloponnesos", "Imera" and "National Herald". Within a period of intense political, economic and social changes and conflicts and based on political and ideological beliefs of these newspapers we have tried to highlight the conditions and confrontation of the local press against the new University during these five years. Our material consists mainly of primary sources (newspaper articles) that for their processing we used the methodological tool of qualitative content analysis and research - historical method. The theoretical classification based on search and detection theory about the media, the journalistic speech and corporatist theories, as a system of representation of interests. The above theoretical framework combined on the context of the era and the ideological, political line of each newspaper helped us analyze and interpret our data.

The aim of this study was to examine the differences and similarities between how Swedish national press and Swedish local press cover the two topics climate and environment. To fulfill this aim the study strived to answer the questions: How much does Swedish local press and Swedish national press write about environmental issues and climate issues? What differences and similarities can be found in the way that Swedish national press and Swedish local press frame environmental issues and climate issues?   The study contains both a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. This was done to show both how much was written about environmental issues and climate issues in the analyzed newspapers, but also to examine in what way the newspapers framed environmental issues and climate issues in their articles. The most remarkable result of the study is that only about every fiftieth article deals with environmental and climate issues. This corresponds to 2.2 percent of the newspaper's content. The study shows that Swedish local press contains more articles focused on environmental issues and climate issues, but the Swedish national press frames environmental issues and climate issues as more important news. The result of the study shows that the Swedish newspapers in general tends to put a big part of the blame for the climate changes on the ordinary Swedish citizens. The study also shows that Swedish media uses people and cities as role models to provoke changes and actions towards a better environment.

La presse locale est en pleine mutation. Actrice majeure de la constitution d'un espace public territorialisé, elle subit la dématérialisation des contenus sans avoir trouvé encore sa voie. Les journalistes localiers, au premier plan, endurent les bouleversements en cours. Les entreprises de presse locale se transforment progressivement en groupes multimédias. Ces mutations économiques perturbent les localiers. Le constat de l'évolution vers le journalisme de communication a déjà été établi pour les presses nationale ou internationale, nous proposons de l'étudier au niveau de la presse infra-nationale en France. Ces transformations socio-économiques, qui s'inscrivent dans le processus d'évolution des industries culturelles et médiatiques, altèrent les discours, les pratiques et l'identité professionnelle des localiers. Le marketing et la dématérialisation des contenus journalistiques fonctionnent alors comme des rouages d'un mécanisme plus large qui impacte les rédactions locales. Les directions de ces groupes multimédias, à travers plusieurs stratégies managériales, agissent sur les représentations des localiers. C'est dans ce contexte que se créent de nouveaux mythes : le passé du groupe professionnel, les lecteurs et les relations au territoire sont repensés. Leur identité professionnelle se trouve ainsi tiraillée entre la volonté de maintien des valeurs initiales du groupe professionnel et les adaptations imposées par leur situation actuelle. / French local press is changing. Major actor of a territorialized public space, it suffers of digitalization of news. Also, local press companies progressively turn into multimedia groups. At the forefront, local journalists are upset by these fundamental changes. This dissertation tries to show the influences of local press groups’ economical mutation into multimedia groups on local journalists. The evolution of communication journalism had been established for national or global presses; we propose to study this phenomenon at the local press level in France. These economic transformations change speeches, practices and professional identity of local journalists. They adhere in the general reflexion on cultural and media industry studies. Marketing and digitalization of journalists productions operate as mechanisms of a total dispositive which impact local newsrooms. General directions of multimedia groups, through several management strategies, try to modify local journalists representations. In this context, new mythologies appear: journalists rewrite the history of their professional group, establish new myths about their readers and rebuild on line the relationships with their territory. Therefore, their professional identity is upset in two different ways. On the one hand, they want to keep their first positions and maintain their prerogatives. On the other hand, local journalists accept important concessions to upgrade their position in their multimedia groups.