The voices of black women have traditionally been excluded from rhetorical scholarship, both as a subject of study and as a methodological approach. Despite the little attention black feminist thought has received, black women have long been articulating the unique intersection of oppressions they face and have been developing critical epistemologies.This study analyzes the National Press Club address given by NOW President Eleanor Smeal utilizing a black feminist methodological approach. The study constructs a black feminist theory for the communication discipline and applies it to a discursive artifact from the women's liberation movement. The implications of the study include the introduction of a new methodological approach to the communication discipline that can expand the liberatory reach of its scholarship.

Les efforts des éditeurs et de pouvoirs publics favorables à la présence d’une presse pluralistevouée à la formation des opinions du citoyen ne parviennent pas à renouveler le lectorat vieillissant desquotidiens nationaux français d’actualités générales. Et la régression de leur diffusion conduit àenvisager la disparition de leur forme imprimée alors que le modèle économique des éditions en lignen’est pas stabilisé.Dans ce contexte politique et économique, nous avons souhaité inverser la perspectivehabituelle qui consiste à expliquer les raisons du faible niveau de lecture des jeunes, et nous noussommes intéressée, en marge des comportements moyens, à de jeunes lecteurs du Monde, du Figaro, oude Libération sur papier ou en ligne.Notre approche communicationnelle, nourrie par la dimension réflexive de la méthodologiequalitative des entretiens compréhensifs, a consisté en une analyse des pratiques de lecture axée sur lesrelations des interviewés avec leur environnement. La méthode des portraits et l’analyse interprétativedu sens que les lecteurs considérés comme compétents donnent à leur conduite ont mis en évidencedes pratiques informationnelles où la transmission interpersonnelle constitue un ressort important de lalecture du quotidien en tant que pratique culturelle, interrogeant ainsi la pertinence des démarches deséduction menées par les éditeurs et les pouvoirs publics.Mots-clés : pratiques de lecture, presse quotidienne nationale, jeunes, communication, entretiencompréhensif, portrait, pratiques, transmission. / In spite of all the efforts made by editors and public authorities to develop a pluralistic pressshaping up public opinion the readership of French dailies is aging. The decreasing circulation ofprinted newspapers, contemplating discontinuing them altogether is now an option, when onlineedition business models are still not stable.In this economic and political context, we have chosen not to take the usual perspective,which explains why youngsters are such a small part of the readership, and disregarding averagebehaviours, we have focused on young readers of Le Monde, Le Figaro or Libération either on or off line.Based on the reflexive dimension of comprehensive interviews’ qualitative methodology, ourcommunicational approach consisted in an analysis of reading practices centred on the relationshipbetween the respondents and their environment. The portraits technique and the interpretative analysisof the meaning that so-called competent readers gave to their own behaviours led us to identify thatreading the daily press, taken as a cultural activity, is deeply impacted by informational practices basedon interpersonal transmission. This questions the relevance of the various campaigns launched byeditors and public authorities to win over this specific readership.

Orientador: João Wanderley Geraldi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_JoseGeraldo_D.pdf: 5784849 bytes, checksum: 424e56d9cd263f60ae8ceb56465932a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de caso de um sujeito afásico (CN). Através de seu acompanhamento longitudinal, realizado com base em uma abordagem discursiva da afasia, buscou-se compreender as características de sua afasia, discutindo as classificações propostas na literatura e a relação entre sua caracterização e o processo terapêutico. Esta tese destaca as características singulares de um caso que se recusa a encaixar-se nas tipologias existentes, evidenciando a heterogeneidade do fenômeno afásico e as contribuições de um processo terapêutico que não exclui o sujeito. Os dados mostram as relações entre os níveis lingüísticos e apontam que os gestos articulatórios não caminham dissociados de outros aspectos da linguagem em seu funcionamento. O esforço para conter cadeias de associações fônicas e a constante re-instauração da cena enunciativa na produção de seus enunciados se destacam enquanto características do funcionamento da afasia de CN. O processo terapêutico mostra que não se trata de ensinar ou treinar os aspectos alterados pela afasia. O processo com CN ensina que a opção por uma teoria de linguagem que inclua o sujeito, ao invés de uma teorização voltada apenas para o sintoma e para o que falta em sua fala, se mostra decisiva para promover e explicar as mudanças que CN faz durante o período do acompanhamento / Abstract: This thesis presents a case study of an aphasic person (CN). We longitudinally examine the performance of CN in different situations. The study adopts the aphasia¿s discursive approach (Coudry, 1986/88). We try to understand changes in CN¿s language functioning and the characteristics of CN¿s aphasia. The CN¿s aphasia presentation differs from typical aphasias described in traditional typologies. CN¿s language exhibits unique characteristics that lead us to consider the heterogeneity in aphasia and the advantages of a therapeutic process based on a specific view about the relationship between language and subject. Our findings support the relationship between linguistic levels and the relation between articulatory gestures and other language aspects. The effort to limit phonic associations and to build the enunciative scene is frequent and constitutes a typical aspects that demonstrates how language works in this case. The improvements in CN¿s language functioning from our initial evaluation provides support for the language¿s view that includes the subject in its scope and the therapeutic process that is not limited to following training programs or educational treatments / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

The aim of this study was to examine the differences and similarities between how Swedish national press and Swedish local press cover the two topics climate and environment. To fulfill this aim the study strived to answer the questions: How much does Swedish local press and Swedish national press write about environmental issues and climate issues? What differences and similarities can be found in the way that Swedish national press and Swedish local press frame environmental issues and climate issues?   The study contains both a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. This was done to show both how much was written about environmental issues and climate issues in the analyzed newspapers, but also to examine in what way the newspapers framed environmental issues and climate issues in their articles. The most remarkable result of the study is that only about every fiftieth article deals with environmental and climate issues. This corresponds to 2.2 percent of the newspaper's content. The study shows that Swedish local press contains more articles focused on environmental issues and climate issues, but the Swedish national press frames environmental issues and climate issues as more important news. The result of the study shows that the Swedish newspapers in general tends to put a big part of the blame for the climate changes on the ordinary Swedish citizens. The study also shows that Swedish media uses people and cities as role models to provoke changes and actions towards a better environment.

Between 2002 and 2006, an ongoing conflict surrounding Umeå-based biotech company UmanGenomics and the Medical Biobank at Umeå University played out in the media. The conflict involved researchers, business leaders, politicians, the university board, journalists and the general public. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the public media-mediated conflict surrounding UmanGenomics and Medical Biobank from a media and communication sciences perspective and thereby contribute to research into Science Journalism and media-mediated science-related conflicts. The questions examined by the study are as follows: how was the conflict portrayed in local and national newspapers, respectively, and how did these portrayals change over time? Were there any similarities, or was there any relationship between the media-mediated conflict and the »internal« debate, which are able to be traced via the events registered in Umeå University’s journal of daily events? Which parties elected to involve themselves in the conflict and did their descriptions of what happened differ? Were there any particular aspects of the conflict that were portrayed by the media as »failures«, and if so, what was it that was considered a failure? In total, 654 texts from the local and national media were analysed, as well as the university’s journal. The study has largely been carried out using quantitative content analysis, supplemented by general argumentation analysis. The study’s theoretical bases are taken from research on the relationship between science and the media, from rhetoric research, but also from Science and Technology Studies (STS) in a broader sense. This dissertation shows that the conflict was reported on differently depending on the newspaper’s proximity to the conflict itself, and on which arena the conflict was played out in. This also demonstrates that the conflict, most especially as played out in local news coverage, can be divided into different phases. While the media reports include many instances of those involved laying blame at each other’s feet, it is the market and the conflict that are considered to have been the primary factors in UmanGenomics’ ultimate demise. This study presents five suggestions as to what lessons can be learnt from this media-mediated conflict. The first is that the conflict provides an example of mutual exploitation: the media exploited the events surrounding the conflict in order to produce newsworthy, sensational and descriptive stories. Whereas within the university, the main figures embroiled in the conflict used the media as a front to either introduce or support their own points of view. The second is that the conflict should have given the »university world« an inducement to discuss media strategies and its transparency policies in greater depth. The third suggestion is that the media’s ability to make citizens’ opinions on science-related questions heard is problematic. Fourthly, many of those involved used the conflict to try to position themselves in relation to a rival counterpart, rather than to try to provide the general public with a clear and accurate picture of the conflict. Finally, it is suggested that the use of the »goldmine« metaphor, used to refer to both UmanGenomics and Medical Biobank, may have played a part in limiting media debate on the issue within the confines of a certain type of rhetoric.

The aim of this study was to examine the representation over time of the Swedish social service in the national daily press. More specifically, its aim was to compare the years 1997, 2007 and 2017 and examine any differences and patterns in the reporting due to social changes in society. As this study was based on quantitative content analysis, all articles published in four of the largest national papers during those years, containing the word ”socialtjänsten” [the social service] were read. A code schedule with six themes were made to be used when reading the articles. The themes were: 1) Name of the newspaper. 2) Year of publication. 3) Character of article; news or editorial. 4) Field of social service; e.g. ’child welfare’. 5) Level of analysis; micro, meso or macro. 6) Rating of the social service; positive, negative or neutral. The analysis was based on three media theories; agenda setting, news valuation and framing. As a conclusion the valuation of the social service seems to be pretty much the same over the years; almost two of five articles has a negative valuation of the social service and three of five articles has a neutral valuation of the social service. In relation to that approximately two of one hundred articles has a positive valuation of the social service. Editorial material tends to valuate the social service more negative than news material. The level of analysis seems to have changed to fewer articles on a micro-level in 2017 than in 1997. The five most common fields associated with the social service are youth criminality, child welfare, social service as an organisation, economic aid and migration.

Lors des années 1930, la France fut frappée par une crise politique, économique et diplomatique qui dévoila de nombreuses divisions au sein de la société. Les journalistes français, cherchant une solution à la crise nationale, accordèrent un intérêt particulier à leur voisin d’outre-Rhin à la suite de la nomination d’Hitler comme chancelier d’Allemagne le 30 janvier 1933. Ce dernier profita de la faiblesse de la France pour remettre en question les clauses du traité de Versailles jusqu’au déclenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale le 1er septembre 1939. L’objectif de ce mémoire vise à mesurer la prise en compte du révisionnisme allemand par la presse nationale française de 1933 à 1939. Dans ce contexte, la perception de la presse face aux actions d’Hitler, ainsi que la façon dont son regard sera amené à se modifier ou non, sont intéressantes parce qu’elles révèlent le portrait que se faisaient les journaux français d’événements en Allemagne qui touchaient directement la France. En consultant des éditoriaux et des articles d’opinion de cinq quotidiens d’orientations politiques différentes, soit L’Action française, L’Humanité, Le Figaro, Le Petit Parisien et Le Temps, nous avons analysé l’opinion de la presse nationale sur la révision du traité de Versailles. Cette étude répond ainsi à un double débat historiographique montrant, d’une part, qu’il n’y avait pas d’aveuglement face aux visées révisionnistes d’Hitler au sein de la presse, et d’autre part, qu’il n’y eut aucun « redressement moral » de l’opinion française en 1939. La sauvegarde des clauses du traité de Versailles ainsi que du système versaillais devant maintenir l’équilibre européen polarisa la presse française et créa un sentiment national qui s’est révélé moins convaincu lors du déclenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le révisionnisme allemand alimenta ainsi de profonds désaccords dans les quotidiens étudiés de 1933 à 1939. / During the 1930s, France was hit by a political, economic, and diplomatic crisis which revealed many divisions in society. French journalists, seeking a solution to the national crisis, showed a particular interest towards their neighbor across the Rhine after the nomination of Hitler as Chancellor of Germany on January 30th, 1933. Hitler took advantage of France’s weakness and divisions to question but also oppose and act against the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles until the outbreak of World War II on September 1st, 1939. The objective of this research is to analyze how the French national press reacted to German revisionism from 1933 to 1939. In this context, the press’ perception of Hitler’s actions and how its opinions changed (or not) over time reveals the ways in which French newspapers interpreted events in Germany that affected France itself. By consulting editorials and opinion articles from five daily newspapers of different political orientations, namely L’Action française, L’Humanité, Le Figaro, Le Petit Parisien and Le Temps, this memoire analyse the opinion of the French national press on the revision of the Treaty of Versailles. This study contributes to the historiography of the interwar period and France’s reaction to German aggression in two ways. First, it shows that the press was not blind to Hitler’s revisionist plan. It also demonstrates that the French press remained divided concerning the actions of Nazi Germany until 1939. The protection of the Treaty of Versailles’ clauses and its system, which maintained the balance of power in Europe, polarised the French press and created a weakened national feeling until the outbreak of World War II. German revisionism fuelled the disagreements in the daily newspapers studied from 1933 to 1939.