Filho da Andaluzia como o "cante jondo" e seu "duende", Federico García Lorca, um apaixonado por tal arte, foi um dos poetas espanhóis mais representativos do século XX. A relação entre o poeta de Granada e o "cante jondo" é profunda e importantíssima para a valorização da arte andaluza e inclusive para a compreensão da obra de Lorca. O "cante jondo", segundo o poeta, é o canto mais profundo, um canto escuro e misterioso onde a magia do "duende" se manifesta em um momento imóvel e único. Para Lorca, a arte espanhola é movida pelo "duende", espécie de espírito mágico, passional e original. Lorca também é considerado por muitos como um autor passional e muito apegado a sua terra. Poema del cante jondo é então uma viagem pelas entranhas de sua terra e uma busca constante pelo "duende" espanhol. Porém, como será que o duende de Lorca se manifesta em tal obra se é que isso acontece? O duende é amigo da improvisação, mas a constituição de um poema depende também da engenhosidade do poeta. Assim, através da análise dos poemas de Poema del cante jondo e do estudo de conferências do autor, bem como da história da Espanha e do cante jondo, tentaremos diagnosticar a poética de García Lorca para a construção deste seu livro de poemas, ou seja, estudaremos os procedimentos utilizados pelo poeta para que haja na obra o encontro mágico com o duende da arte andaluza. Passaremos da teoria do duende, conceituada por Lorca em uma de suas conferências, à análise da prática do autor para conseguir o efeito "duende" em sua obra. / Hijo de Andalucía como el cante jondo y su duende, Federico García Lorca, un enamorado de tal arte, ha sido uno de los poetas españoles más representativos del siglo XX. La relación entre el poeta granadino y el cante jondo es profunda e importantísima para la valoración del arte andaluz y aun para la comprensión de la obra de García Lorca. El cante jondo, según el poeta, es el cante más profundo, un cante oscuro y misterioso en el que la magia del "duende" se manifiesta en un momento inmóvil e irrepetible. Para Federico, el arte español se mueve al compás del "duende", especie de espíritu mágico, pasional y original. Muchos también consideran a García Lorca como un autor pasional muy aferrado a su tierra. Poema del cante jondo es, entonces, un viaje por las entrañas de su tierra y una búsqueda constante por el "duende" español. Sin embargo, ¿cómo será que el duende de Federico se manifiesta en dicha obra? ¿Eso realmente ocurre? El duende es amigo de la improvisación, pero la constitución de un poema depende de la ingeniosidad del poeta. Así, a través del análisis de los poemas de Poema del cante jondo y del estudio de conferencias del autor, bien como de la historia de España y del cante jondo, intentaremos diagnosticar la poética de García Lorca para la construcción de su libro de poemas, es decir, estudiaremos los procedimientos utilizados por el poeta para que haya en la obra el encuentro mágico con el duende del arte andaluz. Pasaremos de la teoría del duende, conceptuada por García Lorca en una de sus conferencias, al análisis de la práctica del autor para lograr, en su libro, el efecto "duende".

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-03-14T00:41:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jussane Cristine Orlandeli Pavan.pdf: 1255671 bytes, checksum: 1c10eaca1bc003044c6a5b4c30e30e1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-03-22T16:10:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Jussane Cristine Orlandeli Pavan.pdf: 1255671 bytes, checksum: 1c10eaca1bc003044c6a5b4c30e30e1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T16:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jussane Cristine Orlandeli Pavan.pdf: 1255671 bytes, checksum: 1c10eaca1bc003044c6a5b4c30e30e1b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 / This work has the objective to show a possible interpretation of the play Once Five Years Pass written by Federico Garcia Lorca. This interpretation concentrate on the main character called Young Man and his relationships throught the play. This play has not been the focus of the literary critic. Therefore, my interpretation concentrate on the study of Alfredo de La Guardia and Francisco Ruiz Ramón. They agree that Lorca used Sigmund Freud’s theory in the construction of the play and the characters, mainly, Young Man. As a result, this work shows that all the relationships that the main character has are introjections of the reality that he lives and this introjections gives him the posibility of growth. The interpretation about this play also brought enlightment about the author’s creation process and his way of thinking and acting in the modern theatrer. This work also brought enlightment about the human development and how it overcomes the obstacles in life. / O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar uma leitura da obra Así que Pasen Cinco Años de Federico Garcia Lorca por meio da personagem Jovem, protagonista da peça, e de sua relação com as demais personagens. Por ser uma peça não tão estudada quanto a conhecida Trilogia Espanhola de Garcia Lorca, a minha interpretação se concentrou nos livros de Alfredo de La Guardia e Francisco Ruiz Ramón. Ambos concordam que a obra de Garcia Lorca utilizou as terorias psicanalíticas de Sigmund Freud para sua construção e, portanto, essa dissertação também recorreu a alguns trechos da obra do psicanalista. Como resultado do trabalho, foi possível perceber que a construção do protagonista acontece por meio das relações que ele constroi durante a peça e elas são introjeções da realidade vivida por ele em um sonho. A partir do encontro com as introjeções, o Jovem consegue alcançar o amadurecimento da vida adulta. A leitura dessa obra de Garcia Lorca trouxe não só o entendimento do processo criativo do autor na escritura do texto dramático e da sua visão para um novo modelo de teatro, mas também um entendimento do desenvolvimento humano e dos obstáculos que se apresentam para que ele seja conquistado.

During the 20th century, chamber works for harp expanded to include significantly different instrumentations, like flute, voice and harp. Indeed, a body of works for flute, voice, and harp began to develop mainly through the commissioning efforts of ensembles comprised of these instruments. This study of George Crumb's Federico's Little Songs for Children for flutes, soprano, and harp considers the unique advantages and challenges of this instrumentation and offers specific suggestions for performance. Attention to various compositional elements of Federico's Little Songs for Children, especially as they relate to the text, is also helpful in preparing to perform this work. The form, pitch material, and text-painting in the work allow for special opportunities to convey meaning to audiences in ways that do not rely on traditional tonal relationships. Accompanying the shift away from traditional tonal relationships, the development of the harp repertoire in chamber and solo settings during the 20th century also led to the development of many extended- techniques for this instrument. For the most part, these techniques have been described and given various notational symbols but not discussed in detail with regard to execution. Federico's Little Songs for Children itself requires several unique extended-techniques. Recommendations are given in this paper concerning how to achieve the extended-techniques in Crumb's work in a stylistically appropriate and effective manner.

The tragedy, La casa de Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca is generally recognized as one of the finest poetic tragedies of the Twentieth Century, yet it has not drawn the critical attention afforded the plays of Lorca's contemporaries, such as 'Tennessee Williams, for example. Ironically, Williams' early plays evince a definite. Lorquian influence. Close attention has been paid to the poetic texture of.Williams plays, providing an important contribution to understanding the art of his poetic tragedy. The same has not been true of Lorca. This may he due partly to the fact that Lorca's ·tragedies have not played very well in the United States and partly due to political considerations in his native Spain. It is the purpose of this essay to make a detailed analysis of the poetic structure of La casa de Bernarda Alba to show Lorca's brilliant welding of the basic elements 10f' the drama into one underlying statement of theme, This will be accomplished through a close reading of the play as originally written in the Spanish language with especial attention paid to its setting, dominant image patterns, characters, and action. These, then, will be examined and elucidated in relationship to thematics, thus demonstrating Lorca's dramatic technique of fusing these fundamental parts through use of language and symbol into one unified whole.

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Roy Campbell (1901-1957), who ranks among South Africa's leading poets, was also a gifted and skilled translator. Shortly after the Second World War he was commissioned by the Spanish scholar Rafael Martinez Nadal to supply the English translations for a planned edition of the complete works of the Spanish poet and dramatist, Federico Garcia Lorca, to be published by Faber and Faber, London. However, most of these translations remained unpublished until 1985, when the poetry translations (but not the translations of the plays) were included in Volume II of a four-volume edition entitled Campbell: Collected Works, edited by Alexander, Chapman and Leveson, and published in South Africa. In 198617, Eisenberg published a collection of letters from the archives of the Spanish poet and publisher Guillermo de Torre in a Spanish journal, Ana/es de Literatura Espanola, Alicante, which revealed that the politically-motivated intervention in 1946 of Arturo and Ilsa Barea, Republican supporters who were living in exile in London, prevented the publication of Campbell's Lorca translations. These poetry translations are studied here and compared with the work of other translators of Lorca, ranging from Lloyd (1937) to Havard (1990), and including some Afrikaans versions by Uys Krige (1987). For the analysis an eclectic framework is used that incorporates ideas from work on the relevance theory of communication (Sperber and Wilson 1986) as applied to translation theory by Gutt (1990, 1991) and Bell (1991), among others, together with Eco's (1979, 1990) semiotic-interpretive approach. The analysis shows that although Campbell's translating is constrained by its purpose of forming part of a Lorca edition, his versions of Lorca' s poetry are nevertheless predominantly oriented towards the target-language reader. In striving to communicate Lorca's poetry to an English audience, Campbell demonstrates his skill and creativity at all levels of language. Campbell's translations that were published during his lifetime earned him a place among the best poetry translators of this century. The Lorca translations, posthumously added to the corpus of his published work, enhance an already established reputation as a fine translator of poetry. / Classics & Modern European Languages / D. Lit. et Phil. (Spanish)

La thèse ici présentée ambitionne d’étudier l’impact de l’imaginaire musical sur l’écriture de trois poètes majeurs du XXe siècle : Federico García Lorca (1898-1936), Pierre Jean Jouve (1887-1976) et Giorgio Caproni (1912-1990). Elle part d’un constat simple : ces trois poètes ont pour élément fédérateur non seulement une connaissance intime de la musique, mais, risquons le terme, une véritable obsession de celle-ci, qui prend bien souvent les aspects d’une fascination irrationnelle et enchanteresse face à ce que Jouve, dans une expression lourde de sens, appelle la « matière ensorcelée » – entendons par là le pouvoir désarmant du charme musical.Tous trois permettent ainsi l’élaboration, par la comparaison, d’une réflexion sur les positionnements esthétiques et idéologiques possibles de la poésie face à la musique en Europe, dans une période à la fois post-wagnérienne et post-mallarméenne. Ils sont l’occasion d’une méditation sur le rêve énoncé par Vladimir Jankélévitch dans Quelque part dans l’inachevé, appelant à « écrire non pas sur la musique, mais avec la musique », pour « demeurer complice de son mystère ».Pour répondre à ce questionnement, la thèse envisage d’abord la dimension identitaire de l’imprégnation musicale chez les auteurs, puis les modalités de son inscription dans leurs poétiques respectives, avant d’observer les évolutions à l’œuvre dans leur perception du référent musical au fil du temps. Ainsi sera mise en valeur la dimension imaginaire et fantasmatique de cet art qui n’aura cessé de les requérir leur vie durant. / This thesis aims at studying the impact of musical imagination on the writing of three major poets of the XXth century : Federico García Lorca (1898-1936), Pierre Jean Jouve (1887-1976) and Giorgio Caproni (1912-1990). It starts from a simple observation : not only do these poets have an intimate knowledge of music, but, let us risk the term, a real obsession for it, that often verges on an irrational and enchanting fascination for what Jouve, in a thoughtful expression, calls “the bewitched matter” – ie the disarming power of the musical charm.All three of them thus enable the elaboration, through comparison, of a reflection on the esthetical and ideological positionings of poetry in front of music in Europe, in a time both post-wagnerian and post-mallarmean. They make possible a meditation on the dream once stated by Vladimir Jankélévitch in Somewhere in the unfinished, calling for “writing not on music, but with music”, to “remain accomplice of its mystery”.To answer this questioning, the thesis first tackles the search for identity enabled by the authors’ musical impregnation; it then explores the way music comes within the scope of their respective poetics; it finally observes the evolutions in their perception of the musical referent as time goes by. Thus will be underlined the imaginary and fantastical dimension of this art which kept calling for them all their lives.

Roy Campbell (1901-1957), who ranks among South Africa's leading poets, was also a gifted and skilled translator. Shortly after the Second World War he was commissioned by the Spanish scholar Rafael Martinez Nadal to supply the English translations for a planned edition of the complete works of the Spanish poet and dramatist, Federico Garcia Lorca, to be published by Faber and Faber, London. However, most of these translations remained unpublished until 1985, when the poetry translations (but not the translations of the plays) were included in Volume II of a four-volume edition entitled Campbell: Collected Works, edited by Alexander, Chapman and Leveson, and published in South Africa. In 198617, Eisenberg published a collection of letters from the archives of the Spanish poet and publisher Guillermo de Torre in a Spanish journal, Ana/es de Literatura Espanola, Alicante, which revealed that the politically-motivated intervention in 1946 of Arturo and Ilsa Barea, Republican supporters who were living in exile in London, prevented the publication of Campbell's Lorca translations. These poetry translations are studied here and compared with the work of other translators of Lorca, ranging from Lloyd (1937) to Havard (1990), and including some Afrikaans versions by Uys Krige (1987). For the analysis an eclectic framework is used that incorporates ideas from work on the relevance theory of communication (Sperber and Wilson 1986) as applied to translation theory by Gutt (1990, 1991) and Bell (1991), among others, together with Eco's (1979, 1990) semiotic-interpretive approach. The analysis shows that although Campbell's translating is constrained by its purpose of forming part of a Lorca edition, his versions of Lorca' s poetry are nevertheless predominantly oriented towards the target-language reader. In striving to communicate Lorca's poetry to an English audience, Campbell demonstrates his skill and creativity at all levels of language. Campbell's translations that were published during his lifetime earned him a place among the best poetry translators of this century. The Lorca translations, posthumously added to the corpus of his published work, enhance an already established reputation as a fine translator of poetry. / Classics and Modern European Languages / D. Lit. et Phil. (Spanish)

In my thesis, I focus on the evolution of the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca's poetry, from his stay in Andalusia to the period he passed in New York. At first, we present avant-garde literary movements of that age. In detail we focus on the Generation 27, whose Lorca was member, and on the poetry the poets cultivated. In Lorca, firstly, we take a look at his life, his personality and then we divide his production into two periods: Andalusia - we take look at his lecture about "cante jondo" and at two books, Poem of cante jondo and Gipsy romances. New York - we approximate to Lorca's stay in New York and the country, and how the environment was reflected in his book of poems Poet in New York. In conclusion we summarize both periods of his production.

In this thesis, the main male characters in three of the plays written by Federico García Lorca are analysed with the aim of seeingthe role they play in the frustration of desire. After two chapters dedicated to a review of published critical studies on Lorca and tocertain theoretical considerations, Chapter Three examines desire drawing on Ubersfeld's actancial model and observes that thesemale characters can be divided into two groups: those who are desired and those who are undesired.In Chapter Four this classification is linked to an analysis of absence, prohibition and lack. Absence is here defined not asrelated to their non-appearance on stage but rather to their non-presence in the lives of the desiring female protagonists. It isobserved that a number of male characters are absent in the plays mainly due to death or a journey. As far as prohibition isconcerned, in two of the works, there is a moral code associated with concepts such as "honour" and "decency", which blocks thefemale characters' access to the males they desire. Chapter Four also shows how several characters can be considered as lacking inthe sense that they do not possess the ideal male qualities contained in the plays. This chapter reaches the conclusion that desiredmale characters are either absent or forbidden in the world of the desiring female, whereas undesired male characters are lacking inthe sense that they fail to live up to the ideal highlighted in the plays.Chapter Five analyses the female characters' perception of the male figures, making use of René Girard's notion of"transfiguration", which alludes to a process of idealisation of the object of desire. Our analysis reveals a connection betweendesire, denied access to the object of desire and transfiguration in the main subjects of desire. The phenomenon of "transfiguration"has several functions in the play: firstly, the creation of hyperbolical male characters; secondly, that of transmitting the intensity ofthe desire experienced and, finally, the highlighting of the lack of certain qualities in several male characters.We thus observe that, in these three plays written by García Lorca, Girard's pessimistic view of desire is confirmed, since desireneeds a series of obstacles, such as absence or prohibition, to survive. However, this is not the only explanation for the frustrationof desire: other factors, like the actions of certain male characters or destiny, also play a decisive role.