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In his bildungsroman Sons and Lovers, published in 1913, D. H. Lawrence portrays the disharmonious life conditions of the coal-mining communities in England at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. While the main focus of the novel is the mother’s excessive love towards one of the sons, the reader also encounters the father of the family, Walter Morel. Mr. Morel is perceived as a brutal, vain and ignorant man. The readership might imply this description to be accurate in terms of Morel’s behavior. However, this essay argues that there are underlying reasons for his extreme attitudes and actions. Thus, the aim of this essay is to identify and explain the underlying reasons as to why Mr. Morel behaves in such a neurotic way in the presence of his family. The close reading of the novel and the use of Freudian psychoanalysis illustrated with the help of the Neurotic Fear Principle, provide evidence that there is a correlation between Mr. Morel’s attitude and the social and economic conditions in the coal-mining community. Consequently, this essay presents Morel as the embodiment of the severe consequences of industrialism, and how deeply they impact his relationship to his family.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Bortolanza.pdf: 29094458 bytes, checksum: c0cee69dfae559833c964a66709ac8da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / The subject of this study is a moral web (where desire pulses for new arrangements and combinations) that consists of different elements mixed without order or criterion in a promiscuous way. In order to undo the sexuality device s knots, this study demonstrates that sexual desire is a dimension that cannot be reduced to the logic of representation. Rather it is beyond the identity politics and normative macropolitical games of the right. Desire battles insistently between: the individual and the collective; sex and the norm; bliss and love; and also I and the other . These battles form promiscuous zones. Therefore this study demonstrates two characters: the whores/prostitutes and the lovers. An empty and inconvenient sensation is experienced as we are in a zone of non-knowledge and non-recognition. This zone allows the expression of creative potential, mobilized exactly by the emptiness that occurs in the capitalist cultural regime. In the limits of the desire-sex-pleasure game zone, the concepts operate on the dynamics of affections, encounters and concrete experience. It is a game of sensations that desires sensitivity to tensions and paradoxes so that alternative ways for sexualities to vibrate can be reinvented. A fabulation concerning the metamorphosis of sexuality s minorities / A questão que se coloca na tese está entremeada na trama moral, em que o desejo pulsa por novos arranjos, combinações; trama feita de elementos diferentes, misturados sem ordem ou critério, ou seja, fabricados e constituídos de maneira promíscua. Para desemaranhar os nós do dispositivo da sexualidade, começo por mostrar que o desejo sexual é uma dimensão irredutível à lógica da representação, ao contrário, para além das políticas identitárias do jogo macropolítico do direito e da norma, o desejo batalha insistentemente neste entre: o individual e o coletivo, o sexo e a norma, o êxtase e o amor, o eu e o outro, constituindo o que chamarei de zona de promiscuidade para isso, trago duas figuras: as putas/prostitutas e os amantes. Experimenta-se uma sensação de desconforto e vazio por estarmos numa zona de não-conhecimento e não-reconhecimento, zona esta que permite a expressão de uma potência de criação, mobilizada exatamente por este vazio no regime do capitalismo cultural. Os conceitos operam na dinâmica dos afectos, nos encontros, na experiência concreta, nesta zona limite do jogo desejo-sexo-prazer um jogo de sensações cujo desejo é tornar sensíveis as tensões e os paradoxos, para que possamos reinventar outros modos de vibrar as sexualidades. Uma fabulação dos devires minoritários da sexualidade

L'amour, le ʿišq «amour-passion» et les histoires d'amants que le sort épargne ou sur lesquels il s'acharne, sont des thèmes qui ont touché et touchent toujours toutes les sociétés, et semblent traverser les siècles sans vieillir. Certaines légendes ont été rapportées oralement, peut-être même chantées au début, puis grâce à l'écriture et à la réécriture, nous pouvons les lire aujourd'hui. Mais on a tendance à privilégier certaines anecdotes, certains poètes des premiers siècles de l'Islam. Les auteurs des siècles plus tardifs ne semblent pas avoir été assez étudiés du moins pour ce thème de l'amour. C'est le cas de notre auteur : Ibrāhīm b.ʿUmar al-Biqāʿī (m.885/1480), dont l'œuvre est impressionnante, plus de quatre vingt dix titres. Il est surtout connu pour ses productions concernant l'exégèse et le hadith. Son côté littéraire demeure inconnu ou presque.Notre recherche porte sur l'édition critique et le commentaire d'un de ses manuscrits intitulé : Aswāq al-Ašwāq min Maṣāriʿ al-ʿUššāq, titre que nous traduisons par : «Des Marchés des Désirs et des Trépas des Amants», œuvre souvent citée par les chercheurs qui s'intéressent à ce thème, mais jamais éditée. / Love-passion and lovers stories, which the fate spares or whom it persecutes, are themes which touched all the societies, and seem to cross the centuries without aging. Certain legends were orally reported, may be even sung at the begenning, then thanks to the writing and the rewriting, we can read them today.But we tend to favor certain anecdotes, certain poets or authors of the first ones centuries of the Islam.The authors of the later centuries do not seem to have been studied enough at least for this theme of love.It is the case of our author Ibrāhīm al-Biqāʿī ( d.885 H/ 1440 J-C) whom the work is impressive, more than ninety titles. He is especially known for its productions concerning the exegesis and the hadith. His literary side remains unknown or almost.Our research concerns the critical edition and the comment of one of its manuscripts title : Aswāq al-Ašwāq min Maṣāriʿ al-ʿUššāq, which I translate : «Markets of the desires and the demise of the lovers».

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In dieser Dissertation werden die Repräsentationen von Kulturtransfer in zeitgenössischen britischen Romanen untersucht (Monica Ali: Brick Lane (2003), Nadeem Aslam: Maps For Lost Lovers (2004), Gautam Malkani: Londonstani (2007) und Maggie Gee: The White Family (2002)). Für die Analyse der Begegnungen und Kulturtransferprozesse werden narratologische Analysekategorien mit denen der Kulturtransferanalyse verknüpft. Neben den textimmanenten Aspekten werden außerdem die Produktions- und Rezeptionskontexte der Romane mitberücksichtigt. Dazu gehören u.a. auch das Buchmarketing und Buchumschlagdesign sowie Rezensionen und öffentliche Reaktionen auf die Romane. Mit diesem Instrumentarium werden z.B. folgende Fragen untersucht: Wie werden Begegnungen und Austauschprozesse repräsentiert und bewertet? Welche Gründe für Aneignung oder Abschottung werden formuliert? In diesem Kontext konzentriert sich die Arbeit auf die Repräsentation von Mediatorinnen und Mediatoren, Kontaktzonen und -situationen, Machtstrukturen sowie Selektions- und Ablehnungsprozesse. Außerdem wird untersucht, mit welchen ästhetischen Mitteln die Austauschprozesse gestaltet werden, beispielsweise durch die Untersuchung der Plotmuster und der Charakterisierungen auf Stereotype hin. und welche Effekte dies bewirkt. Die Analysen haben ergeben, dass Kulturtransfer als erstrebenswert bewertet wird. Gleichzeitig findet aber oft nur Assimilierung statt und kein reziproker Austausch auf Augenhöhe. Die ausgewählten Romane setzen sich vorwiegend mit Hindernissen des interkulturellen Austauschs auseinander. Besonders häufig werden in diesem Kontext Gründe wie mangelnde Bereitschaft, mangelnde Bildung und extremistische (religiöse) Ansichten der Einwandererfamilien angeführt. Die Romane verstetigen Stereotype, die dem Lesepublikum bereits aus vielen Massenmedien vertraut sind, u.a. durch entwicklungsresistente Charaktere, typisiert als ungebildete und unverbesserliche Migranten, die Parallelgesellschaften entwerfen. / This thesis analyses representations of cultural exchange in contemporary British novels in the context of migration and the British literary field. It offers a multilayered approach: the combination of cultural exchange theory and its categories with narratological tools do justice to the aesthetic side of the novels as well as their socio-political and historical contexts that are particularly relevant for novels dealing with migration. Cultural exchange theory analyses appropriation and transformation processes, i.e. how the concepts, cultural practices as well as representations change when they are transferred into a different cultural context. Furthermore, this thesis takes into consideration that all novels exist as material objects within a literary field that is affected by editors, marketing people, reviewers, and other agents. The results support the following theses: Contact and exchange are implicitly and explicitly depicted as something positive, with two of the novels emphasising the virtues of selective appropriation. However, the exchange processes mainly work in one direction only and contact between (British) Asian and (white) British characters is limited. The blame for this is often put on the immigrants and their families. The selected texts focus on obstacles and conflicts in exchange processes without offering solutions to the conflicts. In this context, religion or religious fervour along with a lack of education are most often depicted as the main obstacle for reciprocal cultural exchange. The aesthetic means employed are analysed as well as their effects, e.g. whether form and content reinforce each other or produce contradictions. Finally, the thesis shows which novels deconstruct and contradict existing stereotypes and which ones are complicit in reproducing them. Primary texts: Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2003), Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers (2004), Gautam Malkani’s Londonstani (2006) and Maggie Gee’s The White Family (2002).

Le couple est le commencement de la famille, la cellule fondamentale de la société et un des principaux lieux de solidarité pour les individus. Or, depuis quelques années l’irruption d’internet a permis l’instauration de rapports sociaux nouveaux que l’on peut identifier dans les façons de rencontrer quelqu’un ou de tomber amoureux. L’apparition des sites de rencontre a notamment permis à des individus de pouvoir faire la rencontre amoureuse de l’autre sur un site dédié et à convenance. Cette étude vise à une meilleure compréhension du phénomène social qu’est la construction de la conjugalité à partir de la rencontre sur des sites dédiés sur internet et partant des représentations des participants interrogés. Notre but était également de démontrer comme l’a souligné Marie-Chantal Doucet (2009) que l’action de l’individu sur les sites de rencontre en ligne n’est pas le fait de déterminations mais qu’il bénéficie plutôt d’une marge de jeu, lui permettant d’interpréter les codes et de donner un sens à ses actions et aux actions des autres car l’individu sur les sites de rencontre en ligne joue un personnage. Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous avons adopté un cadre théorique qui s’inscrit dans la perspective de l’interactionnisme symbolique en nous appuyant sur une approche par théorisation ancrée. Il ressort entre autre de l’enquête qualitative que nous avons menée que la construction conjugale est surtout le fruit de la rencontre en face à face car la rencontre en ligne proprement dite est marquée par le stigma et la marchandisation des corps que proposent les sites de rencontre ne sont pas propice au sentiment d’intimité favorable au développement du lien conjugal. / The couple is at the beginning of the family, which is the fundamental cell of the society and one of the main places of people solidarity. Though, from a few years, the inrush of internet has favoured the establishment of new social rules in relationship that we can identify in the new way of encountering somebody or fall into love. The appearance of dating websites has namely favoured to individuals to encounter a partner on a website at the convenience. This study aims to a better understanding of the social phenomenon of the marrital construction from the meeting from a dating website and going from the own perceptions of the participants interviewed. Our purpose was to demonstrate as Marie-Chantal Doucet (2009) that the action of the individual on the dating websites was not due to some determinations but benefited rather of a scope allowing him to perform codes and to make clear senses to his action as to the others actions because the individual is performing a character on the dating website. In order to carry out this study, we have adopted a theoretical framework which is a part of the symbolic interactionism perspective by supporting an grounded theory approach. It emerses from the qualitative method that we have carried out that the marrital construction is, above all, the result of the face to face dating after dating the partner on the dating website because dating on a website is still labelled by a stigma and it is the place of the human body commoditification that the dating website are not conducive to the feeling of closeness which favor the development of a matrimonial bond.

Bibliography: leaves105-117 / Summaries followed the Bibliography / The study investigates the abuse of husbands’ property by widows in the two selected isiZulu novels Ifa ngukufa and Ifa lenkululeko, which is found to have a huge impact on children and family members. The study presents the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property, the course of action of abusing husbands’ property and the consequences thereof. The content analytical approach has been used to analyse the two novels. The analysis reveals that some of the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property by widows are the widows’ carelessness, weakness, lack of respect, stress and laziness. In both literary texts, widows abuse their husbands’ property with their new lovers. As persons living in modern times, they do not respect the African cultural practices. They refuse to wear mourning clothes for their late husbands, as required by the African culture. Instead, they find new lovers within a few days of their husbands’ death, and invite them to stay in their husbands’ houses. The study highlights how easily some people, including widows, can be influenced by other peoples’ cultures. They do not respect their parents, children and the in-laws; and do not pay attention to the wellbeing of their children. When the money is depleted, the new lovers go back to their families. The study further reveals that, after the departure of the new lovers, the widows realise that they (new lovers) were not in love with them, but were after their properties. The presence of the new lovers in the widows’ lives has a negative effect on family members. Consequently, the relationship between the widows and the in-laws, parents and children suffers. The investigation is concluded by presenting recommendations that will help widows to avoid tricksters from robbing them of their property. The study is of great value to children who become the victims of circumstance. / Ucwaningo luphenya ngokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi kumanoveli amabili akhethiwe esiZulu ethi Ifa ngukufa nethi Ifa lenkululeko, okutholakala ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni nakumalungu omndeni. Ucwaningo luveza izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni, isenzo sokwenza kabi impahla yabayeni nemiphumela yakhona. Indlela yokuhlaziya okuqukethwe isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya lamanoveli amabili. Ukuhlaziywa kuveza ukuthi ezinye zezimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi ukunganaki kwabafelokazi, ubuthakathaka, ukungabi nenhlonipho, ingcindezi nobuvila. Kuyo yomibili imibhalo ebhaliwe, abafelokazi bahlukumeza impahla yabayeni babo namashende abo amasha. Njengabantu abaphila ezikhathini zanamuhla, abayihloniphi imikhuba yamasiko ase-Afrika. Bayenqaba ukugqoka izingubo zokuzila zabayeni babo abangasekho, njengoba kudingeka ngokwesiko lase-Afrika. Esikhundleni salokho, bathola amashende amasha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva nje kokushona kwabayeni babo, futhi bagcine behlala nabo ezindlini zabayeni babo. Ucwaningo luqhakambisa ukuthi kulula kanjani ukuthi abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi nabafelokazi, bathonywe ngamasiko abanye abantu. Abahloniphi abazali babo, izingane kanye nabasemzini lapho bendele khona; futhi abanaki ngisho nenhlalakahle yezingane zabo. Lapho imali isiphelile, amashende abo amasha abuyela emindenini yabo. Ucwaningo luqhubeka ngokuveza ukuthi, ngemuva kokuhamba kwamashende abo amasha, abafelokazi bayabona ukuthi wona (amashende amasha) abengabathandi, kepha babelandela impahla yabo. Ukuba khona kwamashende amasha ezimpilweni zabafelokazi kunomthelela omubi kumalungu omndeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabafelokazi nabasemzini, abazali nezingane buyaphazamiseka. Uphenyo luphethwa ngokwethula izincomo ezizosiza abafelokazi ukuthi bagweme abakhohlisi ekubaphuceni impahla yabo. Ucwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni eziba yizisulu zalezi zezimo. / Phuputso e batlisisa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi dibukeng tse pedi tsa dipale tse kgethilweng tsa Sezulu Ifa ngukufa le Ifa lenkululeko, e eleng taba e fumanwang e na le tshusumetso e kgolo ho bana le ditho tsa malapa. Phuputso e hlahisa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna, mokgwa wa ho sebedisa ka tsela e mpe thepa ya banna le ditlamorao tsa teng. Mokgwa wa katamelo ya manollo ya dikateng o sebedisitswe ho manolla dipale tse pedi. Manollo e senola hore tse ding tsa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi ke ho se tsotelle, bofokodi, ho hloka tlhompho, kgatello ya maikutlo le botswa. Ditemaneng tsa bongodi ka bobedi, bahlolohadi ba hlekefetsa thepa ya banna ba bona le baratuwa ba bona ba batjha. Jwalo ka batho ba phelang mehleng ya kajeno, ha ba hlomphe ditlwaelo tsa setso sa Maafrika. Ba hana ho apara diaparo tsa bofifi bakeng sa banna ba bona ba seng ba hlokahetse, jwalo ka ha moetlo wa Maafrika o hloka hore ho be jwalo. Ho ena le moo, ba fumana baratuwa ba batjha matsatsi a mmalwa kamora lefu la banna ba bona, ebe ba ba memela ho dula ka matlung a banna ba bona. Phuputso e bontsha hore na batho ba bang, ho kenyeletswa le bahlolohadi, ba ka susumetswa habonolo jwang ke ditso tsa batho ba bang. Ha ba hlomphe batswadi ba bona, bana le ba bohading; mme ha ba tsotelle boiketlo ba bana ba bona. Ha tjhelete e fedile, baratuwa ba batjha ba kgutlela malapeng a bona. Phuputso e tswela pele ho senola hore, kamora hore baratuwa ba batjha ba tsamaye, bahlolohadi ba hlokomela hore (baratuwa ba batjha) ba ne ba sa ba rate, empa ba ne ba le kamora thepa ya bona. Boteng ba baratuwa ba batjha bophelong ba bahlolohadi bo na le phello e mpe ho ditho tsa lelapa. Ka hona, kamano dipakeng tsa bahlolohadi le ba bohading, batswadi le bana e ya senyeha. Phuputso e phethelwa ka ho hlahisa dikgothaletso tse tla thusa bahlolohadi ho qoba hore baqhekelli ba ba utswetse thepa ya bona. Phuputso ena e bohlokwa haholo ho bana ba fetohang diphofu tsa maemo a tjena. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

In this study Bradford’s (2008) approach for setting ecological flow and water level targets is tested and refined through application within the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority’s (LSRCA) subwatershed of Lover’s Creek. A method for defining subwatershed objectives and identifying habitat specialists through expert input is proposed and tested. The natural regime of each streamflow and wetland site is characterized along with the hydrological alteration at each site. Potential ecological responses to the hydrologic alterations are then hypothesized for the different types of changes calculated at each site. Methods for setting overall ecosystem health and specific ecological objective flow targets are proposed and tested. These targets are integrated into a flow regime for each site and a process for using this information for decision making is suggested. Flow magnitude quantification is attempted using hydraulic modelling and sediment transport equations, however the data used were found to be inadequate for this application. The accuracy of the targets developed using the method presented in this paper is mainly limited by the accuracy of the hydrological model and quantified flow magnitudes. Recommendations for improving these components of the assessment are made. The unique approach and recommendations presented in this paper provide explicit steps for developing flow targets for subwatersheds within the LSRCA. This research contributes toward the advancement of EFA within the LSRCA, which provides opportunity for enhanced protection and restoration of ecosystem health across the watershed. / Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority