Global ETD Search

11	Nurse’s experiences of working with empowerment for children with disability in Sri Lanka Carlsson, Caroline January 2012 (has links) Background: In Sri Lanka, children with disability are being met with discrimination and stigma based on cultural and religious beliefs. Sri Lanka has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child that states that children with disability should enjoy full and decent lives with active participation in the community. Empowerment is the process that makes it possible for these children to experience equality in society. Nurses have a vital role working with health promotion for these children. Aim: to describe how nurses work with empowerment for children with disability in a low-income country. Method: A qualitative and empiric interview study with Sri Lankan nurses from two different rehabilitation teams. Result: The nurse‟s experiences in the subject are explained like; nursing with focus on the child, nursing with focus on the mother, nursing with focus on the interdisciplinary team. Conclusion: By nursing with these focuses, the nursing interventions for children with disability had a holistic approach that covered all aspects of life. / Bakgrund: I Sri Lanka blir barn med funktionsnedsättning mötta med diskriminering och stigma baserat på kulturella och religiösa övertygelser. Sri Lanka har skrivit under barnkonventionen som säger att barn med funktionsnedsättning har rätt till ett fullkomligt och värdigt liv med aktiv delaktighet i samhället. Empowerment syftar till processen som möjliggör jämlikhet i samhället för dessa barn. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i denna hälsofrämjande process. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor arbetar med empowerment för barn med funktionsnedsättning ett låginkomstland. Metod: En kvalitativ och empirisk intervjustudie med Sri Lankesiska sjuksköterskor från två rehabiliteringsteam. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna beskrev sina erfarenheter så här: omvårdnad med fokus på barnet, omvårdnad med fokus på modern och omvårdnad med fokus på tvärprofessionellt team. Slutsats: Genom att ge omvårdnad för barn med funktionsnedsättning med dessa tre fokusområden är sjuksköterskans interventioner holistiska och täcker alla aspekter i livet. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2012</p> children with disability empowerment low-income country nursing qualitative interviews. barn med funktionsnedsättning empowerment kvalitativ intervju låginkomstland sjuksköterskans interventioner Nursing Omvårdnad
12	Evaluating the impact of a sport-for-development intervention on the physical and mental health of young adolescents in Gulu, Uganda - a post-conflict setting within a low-income country Richards, Justin A. January 2011 (has links) Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted. 796.069
13	An Occupational Therapy Needs Assessment for an organization attending to children with autism spectrum disorder in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : To identify the occupational therapy needs for an organization attending to children with autism spectrum disorder in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hammarlund, Silje January 2015 (has links) Syfte: Att identifiera behovet för arbetsterapi i Nehemiah Autism Center genom att utföra en behovsanalys. Metod: Mixad-metod användas för att utveckla en passande behovsanalys för att identifiera behovet för arbetsterapi. Resultat: Alla områden där en arbetsterapeut kan bidrag till valdes. Kommunikation och sociala färdigheter rapporterades mest frekvent och beteende förvaltning rankades som viktigast bland vårdnadshavare. Bland anställda, fritid och lek rapporterades mest frekvent och stresshantering rankades som viktigast. Utbildningsmöjligheter, kommunikation mellan anställda och medarbetare relation identifierades som stödjande faktorer för att uppnå målet på Nehemiah Autism Center. Stigma, religion och kulturell mångfald rapporterades som icke-stödjande faktorer för att uppnå målet på Nehemiah Autism Center. Slutsats: Det finns ett behov för arbetsterapi för att möta behovet hos barn med autism på Nehemiah Autism Center i Addis Ababa, Etiopien. / Aim: To identify the occupational therapy needs at the Nehemiah Autism Center by completing a needs assessment. Method: A mixed-methods design was adopted to construct a comprehensive needs assessment to identify the occupational therapy needs. Result: All areas of what an occupational therapist could assist with were selected as an area of need. Communication and social skills were most frequently reported and behavior management was ranked as most important among caregivers. Among staff members, leisure and play was reported most frequently and stress management was ranked as most important. Training opportunities, communication among staff members, and co-worker relationship were identified to be supporting factors in achieving the goal at Nehemiah Autism Center. Stigma, religion, and cultural diversity were reported to be unsupportive factors in achieving the goal at Nehemiah Autism Center. Conclusion: There is a great need for occupational therapy services to attend to children with autism spectrum disorder at Nehemiah Autism Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
14	Pneumonies chez l’enfant de moins de 5 ans dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire : description des sérotypes pneumococciques, prévalence du virus influenza et rôle des co-détections bactériennes et/ou virales / Pneumonia in under 5 children in low or low-to-middle income countries : description of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, study of the burden of influenza virus and role of bacteria/viruses co-detection in a large multicenter case-control study Dananché, Cédric 20 November 2019 (has links) Les pneumonies chez l’enfant de moins de 5 ans restent à l’heure actuelle un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Afin d’étudier les agents étiologiques des pneumonies chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire, une étude cas-témoins a été réalisée entre 2010 et 2014 dans cette population par le réseau Global Approach for Biological Research on Infectious Epidemics in Low Income Countries (GABRIEL). Notre travail s’est attaché à décrire la distribution des sérotypes de Streptococcus pneumoniae retrouvés dans la population de l’étude, d’évaluer la prévalence du virus infuenza et d’évaluer l’effet du virus sur la gravité de la pneumonie, et enfin d’étudier la fréquence des co-détections bactériennes et virales au niveau nasopharyngé ainsi que leur effet sur le risque de pneumonie. Les résultats montraient que la majorité des sérotypes pneumococciques retrouvés étaient inclus dans le vaccin pneumococcique conjugué 13-valent (PCV13) et suggèraient que les souches de S. pneumoniae retrouvées au niveau nasopharyngé et au niveau sanguin étaient identiques chez un même individu atteint de pneumonie. L’importance du virus influenza, et particulièrement d’influenza A H1N1 a été soulignée. Enfin, de nombreuses co-détections nasopharyngées de microorganismes étaient observées chez les cas mais aussi chez les témoins. Leur pathogénicité semblait différer selon les espèces et pourrait dépendre des interactions avec le microbiome du tractus respiratoire. Les résultats suggèraient que la mise en œuvre de campagnes de vaccination par PCV13 pourrait être efficace dans les pays étudiés. Néanmoins, de nouvelles études précisant le rôle des co-détections entre bactéries et virus dans la physiopathologie de la pneumonie sont nécessaires pour guider les décisions de santé publique de façon optimale / Pneumonia remains a public health issue in children under 5 years old. In order to study the etiological agents of pneumonia in this population, a case-control study was carried out between 2010 and 2014 by the Global Approach for Biological Research on Infectious Epidemics in Low Income Countries (GABRIEL) Network in 9 study sites located in 8 low or middle-income countries. The objectives of the present work were to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, to assess the burden of influenza virus and its effect on the severity of pneumonia, and to study bacterial/viral co-detection in nasopharyngeal samples and their effect on the risk of pneumonia. Results showed that most of S. pneumoniae serotypes detected were included in the pneumococcal 13-Valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and confirmed the assumption that the isolate carrying or causing disease in an individual were of the same serotype. The importance of the burden of influenza virus in pneumonia cases, and particularly A H1N1 influenza, was highlighted. Finally, numerous nasopharyngeal co-detections were found both in pneumonia cases and in control subjects. Pathogenicity of microorganisms differs between species and might depend of the interactions with the microbiome of the respiratory tract. Results suggested that the implementation of PCV13 vaccination policies might be effective in the study population. Nevertheless, further studies focused on the most important co-detections of micro-organisms are needed to improve the understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and to guide appropriate public health interventions Pneumonie Étude cas-témoins Enfant de moins de 5 ans Pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire Streptococcus pneumoniae Virus influenza Co-détection bactérie/virus Pneumonia Case-control study Child under 5 years old Low-income country Streptococcus pneumoniae Influenza virus Virus/bacteria co-detection 570
15	The Social Impact of HIV-Seropositivity and Antiretroviral Treatment on Women in Tanga, Tanzania. A Qualitative Study. Bohle, Leah F. 13 November 2017 (has links) No description available. 610 HIV-seropositiv Wahrnehmung HIV-positiv Einfluss Konzeptualisierung Diagnose seropositiv sozialer Einfluss Enthüllung Offenlegung hoch aktive antiretrovirale Therapie antiretrovirale Behandlung Adhärenz Compliance Gründe Strategien Frauen Diskriminierung Stigmatisierung Land niedrigen Einkommens Afrika Ostafrika Tansania HIV AIDS HIV-seropositivity HIV-seropositive perception impact conceptualization diagnosis seropositive positive social impact disclosure self-disclosure HAART highly active antiretroviral treatment ART antiretroviral treatment antiretroviral therapy adherence compliance reasons strategies women discrimination stigmatization LIC low-income country Africa East Africa Tanzania Tanga Sexualmedizin (PPN619876166) Medizinethnologie Tropenmedizin HIV-positiv

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