• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 338
  • 241
  • 175
  • 28
  • 16
  • 14
  • 14
  • 13
  • 9
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • Tagged with
  • 1043
  • 183
  • 116
  • 113
  • 102
  • 96
  • 92
  • 84
  • 72
  • 70
  • 63
  • 63
  • 61
  • 59
  • 58
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
921

Development of phosphor thermometry systems for use in development gas turbine engines

Khalid, Ashiq Hussain January 2011 (has links)
The pursuit for improved engine efficiency is driving the demand for accurate temperature measurement inside turbine engines. Accurate measurement can allow engines to be operated closer to their design limits to improve thermal efficiency. It can enable engineers to verify mechanical integrity, provide better prediction of component life, validate CFD and other design tools and aid the development for leaner more efficient engines. Unfortunately, experimentally measuring surface temperatures under harsh rotating conditions is challenging. This EngD study conducted by Ashiq Hussain Khalid at the University of Manchester and Rolls-Royce plc, reviews the rationale of using phosphor thermometry over existing methods, including thermocouples, pyrometry and thermal paints/melts, which lack detail, accuracy, or are too expensive for continuous testing. Although phosphor thermometry exhibits desirable characteristics, the high temperature and fast rotating engine environment presents some challenges that would need to be addressed before a successful measurement system can be implemented. Examples of such issues include: rising blackbody radiation, restricted optical access, fibre optic constraints and limited time period to collect data. These factors will impose measurement limits and greatly influence the design philosophy of the system, including phosphor choice, phosphor lifetime characteristics, bonding technique, excitation/detection methodologies and probe design. Taking these into consideration, the research focuses on the development of phosphor thermometry systems for use in development gas turbine engines, with measurement solutions for specific engine components. The high pressure turbine blade was given research priority. A number of phosphors including YAG:Tb, YAG:Tm. Y2O3:Eu and Mg3F2GeO4:Mn were investigated and characterised in terms of intensity and lifetime decay, with increasing temperature up to 1500oC. Spectral analysis and absolute intensity measurements established emission peaks and permitted comparative quantitative analysis to optimise system setup. The intensity of phosphor emission relative to Planck's blackbody radiation was also performed. YAG:Tm under 355nm illumination was found to exhibit the highest emission intensity at high temperatures, and because its spectral emission peak at 458nm was the lowest, its advantage in terms of blackbody radiation was further amplified. For rotating components, an upper temperature limit is reached based on the emission intensity at rising blackbody radiation levels and the system's ability to detect fast decays. A lower limit is reached based on the quenching temperature, probe design and rotational velocity. There are different methods to correct the distorted decay waveform as it traverses through the acceptance cone of the fibre. A phosphor selection criterion, taking into consideration these limitations, was successfully applied for various rotating engine components. The optical layout was setup and tested on stationary and rotating cases under laboratory conditions using similar design constraints, including fibre choice, maximum permissible lens size and target distances. A series of tests validated design methodologies and assumptions to enable testing on full scale rotating engine components. Mg3F2GeO4:Mn, using 355nm illumination, was found to be the most suitable phosphor for the HP drive cone. The estimated performance under the expected rotational speeds was found to be 624-812°C with a standard uncertainty of ±0.99%. YAG:Tm, illuminated with 355nm, was found to be the most promising phosphor for high pressure turbine blade measurements. The performance under the expected rotational speeds was found to be 1117-1375°C with a standard uncertainty of ±0.97%. This is better than other competing technologies that are currently available for temperature measurement of rotating turbine blades.
922

Caracterização estrutural e óptica do composto NaYP2O7 dopado com terras raras

Novais, Suellen Maria Valeriano 18 February 2014 (has links)
The aims of this work were to produce and investigate the properties of NaYP2O7 and NaY0.99Ln0.01P2O7 (Ln = Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb and Yb) polycrystalline samples. The synthesis was done via a modified sol-gel method using PVA as polymeric agent. In order to obtain single crystalline phase, it was necessary to use molar ratio Na:Y:P = 1.15:1:2, which is not the stoichiometric, with two calcination steps at 400 ºC / 4 h and 600 ºC / 4 h. Structural characterizations of the synthesized material were performed by X-ray Diffraction and Absorption (XRD and XAS). It was observed that the dopant ions were incorporated into the matrix without changing the structure. Under VUV excitation, the undoped sample presented a luminescent emission spectrum which was attributed to self-trapped exciton recombination. On the other hand, the photoluminescence (PL) of doped samples presented the emission lines characteristic of each dopant. From the photoluminescence excitation curves, 4f-5d transitions were identified for Ce3+, Sm3+ and Tb3+ doped samples and charge transfer processes were noticed for that of Eu3+, Sm3+ and Yb3+. The experimental data of PL was used to determine the positions of the energy levels of all lanthanides (with oxidation states of 3+ or 2+) relative to the valence and conduction bands of NaYP2O7. The model successfully provided the positions of electronic levels within the bandgap, with excellent agreement with the experimental spectra. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves were measured for co-doped samples NaYP2O7:Ce3+,Ln3+ (Ln = Dy, Ho and Sm) in order to investigate the nature of the trapping centres. The values determined for the activation energies were comparable with the position of dopant-induced electronic levels, whereas the frequency factor related to the TL peak of Ho-doped sample agreed with the phonon frequency for the lattice. The results indicate that the Ce3+ acts as recombination centre whereas the codopants create electron trap levels. / Os objetivos centrais deste trabalho foram a produção e a investigação das propriedades de amostras policristalinas de NaYP2O7 e NaY0.99Ln0.01P2O7 (Ln = Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb e Yb). A produção foi feita por uma rota sol-gel usando PVA como agente polimérico. Para se obter a fase cristalina única, foi necessário utilizar uma razão molar Na:Y:P = 1.15:1:2, que não é a estequiométrica, com duas calcinações, a 400 ºC / 4h e a 600 ºC / 4h. A caracterização estrutural do material produzido foi realizada por Difração e Absorção de raios X (DRX e XAS). Observou-se que os íons dopantes são incorporados à matriz, ocupando o sítio do Y, sem, no entanto, provocar alteração da estrutura cristalina. Sob excitação na região do VUV, amostra não-dopada apresentou um espectro de emissão luminescente que foi atribuído à recombinação de éxcitons auto-armadilhados. Por outro lado, a fotoluminescência (PL) das amostras dopadas apresentou as linhas de emissão características de cada dopante. Nos espectros de excitação da fotoluminescência nestas amostras, as transições 4f-5d foram identificadas para as amostras dopadas com Ce3+, Sm3+ e Tb3+, e processos de transferência de carga para Sm3+, Eu3+ e Yb3+. Os dados experimentais de PL foram usados para determinar as posições dos níveis de energia de todos lantanídeos (com estados de oxidação 3+ ou 2+) em relação à banda de valência e de condução do NaYP2O7. O modelo utilizado forneceu com êxito a posição dos níveis eletrônicos na região proibida, em excelente concordância com os espectros experimentais. Curvas de termoluminescência (TL) foram medidas para amostras co-dopadas NaYP2O7:Ce3+,Ln3+ (Ln = Dy, Ho e Sm) a fim de investigar a natureza dos centros de armadilhamento. Os valores de energia de ativação determinados foram compatíveis com as posições dos níveis eletrônicos determinados por PL e o fator de frequência relacionado ao pico TL da amostra dopada com Ho coincidiu com a frequência de fônons da rede. Os resultados revelaram ainda que o Ce3+ atua como centro de recombinação, enquanto os codopantes são responsáveis pela criação de níveis de armadilhas de elétrons.
923

Combinação de heterojunções a base de GaAs com óxidos semicondutores para aplicações em dispositivos optoeletrônicos : 1) GaAs/SnO2, 2) GaAs/ZnO: ressonadores de ondas acústicas de volume /

Machado, Diego Henrique de Oliveira. January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Luis Vicente de Andrade Scalvi / Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar o desenvolvimento e as principais conclusões referentes à combinação de heterojunções a base de GaAs com óxidos semicondutores, para aplicações em dispositivos optoeletrônicos. O texto foi dividido em duas partes principais, sendo a primeira parte voltada para a síntese e produção do SnO2, relacionada com a formação da heteroestrutura GaAs/SnO2; e a segunda parte é focada na produção dos ressonadores de onda acústicas de bulk,na ordem de GHz, a base de GaAs/ZnO. Na primeira parte, priorizou-se filmes de SnO2, que foram depositados por duas técnicas: sol-gel dip-coating e evaporação resistiva. Os filmes foram depositados sobre substratos de vidro soda-lime, e sobre substratos de GaAs, de quartzo e de a-SiO2. SnO2 foi também depositado sobre filme de GaAs depositado por sputtering. No caso da evaporação resistiva, a rota sol-gel é utilizada também para a preparação do pó que é utilizado como precursor para a evaporação resistiva de filmes de SnO2, combinando essas duas técnicas. Foram investigadas as propriedades ópticas e elétricas de filmes finos de SnO2 dopado com 1% de Er3+ e estruturas hibridas de GaAs/SnO2: Er3+. Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se: 1) espectros de luminescência diferentes do íon Er3+ ao se depositar SnO2 sobre substrato de vidro ou GaAs; 2) Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-x (EDX) para filmes de SnO2, depositados por evaporação resistiva, atestaram uma relação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aims to present the development and the main conclusions obtained so far regarding the combination of GaAs-based heterojunctions with semiconductor oxides, for applications in optoelectronic devices. The text has been divided in two main parts, where the first one is related to the synthesis and production of SnO2, associated with the formation of the heterostructure GaAs/SnO2; and the second one if focused on the production of bulk acoustic wave resonators, with frequencies in GHz range, based on GaAs/ZnO. In the first part, attention was given to SnO2 films, deposited by two techniques: sol-gel dipcoating and resistive evaporation, on soda-lime glass substrates, and on GaAs, quartz and a-SiO2 substrates. SnO2 was also deposited on GaAs film deposited by sputtering. In the case of resistive evaporation, the sol-gel route is also used to prepare the powder which is used as a precursor for resistive evaporation of SnO2 films, then, by combining these two techniques. Optical and electrical properties of Er3+ -doped SnO2 thin films were investigated as well as the hybrid structure GaAs/SnO2 .Among the main results were: 1) different luminescence spectra of Er3+ ion when depositing SnO2 on glass or GaAs substrate; 2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for SnO2 films deposited by resistive evaporation show a relationship of the thermal annealing temperature with the concentration of Er ions in the surface layers; 3) this con... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
924

Study of defects and doping in β-Ga2O3

Islam, Md Minhazul 01 September 2021 (has links)
No description available.
925

Nové přístupy k uspořádávání plasmonických nanočástic do 2D a 3D hybridních aktivních systémů pro SERS grafenu a SERS, SERRS a SERS + GERS aromatických molekul / New pathways to plasmonic nanoparticle assembling into 2D and 3D hybrid active systems for SERS of graphene and SERS, SERRS and GERS + SERS of aromatic molecules

Gajdošová, Veronika January 2019 (has links)
In the first part of the Thesis, a new type of active system for SERS and SERRS of hydrophobic molecules, namely a 3-dimensional (3D) nanosponge aggregate with incorporated hydrophobic molecules has been developed, and tested by fullerene C60 and hydrophobic free- base tetraphenylporfine (H2TPP). The SERS and SERRS (surface enhanced /resonance/ Raman scattering) limits of detection (LODs) of C60 at four excitation wavelengths spanning the visible spectral region were found to be by one order of magnitude lower than in the reference system, which mimics the previously reported ways of utilization of Ag nanosponges as substrates for SERS and SERRS. The superiority of the newly developed sample is attributed to the efficient localization of the hydrophobic molecules into hot spots in 2D fractal aggregates of Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Diprotonation of H2TPP during the procedure using HCl as the preaggregation agent has been eliminated by employment of NaCl. On the other hand, investigation of the mechanism of H2TPP protonation during the former preparation procedure opened a possibility to employ Ag nanosponge aggregate as nanoreactor. In the second part of the Thesis, 2D assemblies of AgNPs were found to be better substrates for SERS of single layer graphene (SLG) than the 3D ones. In particular, the 2D...
926

Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Komplexierung und zum Einbau von Actiniden: Uran(VI) Komplexierung mit gelösten Silikaten und Stabilität von Europium(III) Xenotim Solid Solutions

Lösch, Henry 19 March 2021 (has links)
Die weltweite Nutzung der Kernenergie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem festen Bestandteil der Primärenergieerzeugung gewandelt. Neben dem Vorteil der CO2-armen Energieerzeugung besitzt die Kernenergie jedoch den großen Nachteil der Entsorgung des anfallenden hochradioaktiven Abfalls. Angestrebt wird eine tiefengeologische Endlagerung der wärmeentwickelnden hochradioaktiven Abfälle mit einem sicheren Einschluss über einen Zeitraum von 1 Million Jahre. Für die Sicherheitsanalyse eines solchen Endlagers ist ein grundlegendes Verständnis der geochemischen Prozesse im Nah- und Fernfeld, z.B. zu den Wechselwirkungen der Abfälle mit den einzelnen Barrieren und deren Charakteristika, notwendig. In Abhängigkeit des eingelagerten Abfalls und des gewählten Wirtsgesteines kann es im Nahfeld zu einem Temperaturanstieg auf bis zu 200 °C kommen, mit einem entsprechenden Einfluss auf die geochemischen Prozesse. Für eine sichere Endlagerung des wärmeentwickelnden hochradioaktiven Abfalls ist daher die Charakterisierung der stattfindenden Prozesse, wie Komplexierung sowie Sorption und Einbaureaktionen, als auch die Bestimmung derer thermodynamischen Größen, inklusive ihrer Temperaturabhängigkeit, essenziell. Die Arbeit kann im Folgenden in drei Themengebiete eingeteilt werden. Das erste Themengebiet dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Uran(VI)-Lumineszenz. Die Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie kann dabei für die Bestimmung von thermodynamischen Daten herangezogen werden. Für die Auswertung der Lumineszenz-Spektren ist es wichtig zu wissen, ob es zu Veränderungen der Emissionsspektren bei der Variation der Temperatur kommt. In dieser Arbeit durchgeführte UV-Vis Untersuchungen zeigen eine Verschiebung der Absorptionsbanden im Temperaturbereich zwischen 3 - 70 °C. Anhand der Spektren lässt sich eine bathochrome Verschiebung feststellen, welche auch auf die Lumineszenz-Spektren übertragen werden kann. Um Folgefehler bei der Bestimmung weiterer Größen zu vermeiden, ist es wichtig solche Verschiebungen zu berücksichtigen. Das zweite Themengebiet dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der temperaturabhängigen Uran(VI)-Hydrolyse sowie der Komplexierung von Uran(VI) mit wässrigen Silikaten. Uran(VI) zeigt eine sehr ausgeprägte Hydrolyse, unter Bildung verschiedener mono- und polynuklearer Hydroxo-Komplexe. Die Hydrolyse ist eine grundlegende Reaktion und muss bei Untersuchungen von Komplexreaktionen als kompetitive Reaktion stets berücksichtigt werden. Mittels Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie konnte die Bildung des 1:1 Hydroxo-Komplexes (UO2OH+) ab etwa pH 3 bestätigt werden. Neben diesem Komplex konnte die Bildung des polynuklearen 3:5 ((UO2)3(OH)5+) Hydroxo-Komplexes nachgewiesen werden. Um den Einfluss der lumineszenz-starken polynuklearen Hydroxo-Spezies in der folgenden Uran(VI)-Silikat-Komplexierung zu reduzieren, erfolgte die Untersuchungen unterhalb von pH 4,3 bzw. die Uran(VI)-Konzentration lag unterhalb der Grenze zur Bildung dieser Spezies. Silizium gilt als ein ubiquitäres Element und ist nach Sauerstoff das zweithäufigste Element in der Erdkruste. Die Silikate besitzen ebenfalls eine vielgestaltige wässrige Chemie unter Bildung von mononuklearen bis kolloidalen Spezies. Gleichzeitig ist Silizium ein Hauptbestandteil in den möglichen Wirtsgesteinen Ton und Kristallin in einem tiefengeologischen Endlager. In vielen Fällen ist zudem aus konstruktionsbedingten Gründen die Verwendung von Zement notwendig. Die im Zement enthaltenen Porenwässer besitzen dabei oft sehr hohe pH-Werte im Bereich 11 - 13. An der Grenzfläche zwischen Zement und Wirtsgestein können diese Porenwässer zur Auflösung des Wirtsgesteins und damit verbunden zur Erhöhung der Silikat- sowie Aluminatkonzentration führen. Daher sollte Silizium als möglicher Komplexpartner mit in die Langzeitsicherheitsanalyse aufgenommen werden. Aus der Literatur ist bisher nur ein An(VI)-Si-Komplex im aziden pH-Bereich, basierend auf folgender Reaktion: AnO22+ + H4SiO4 '⇌ ' AnO2OSi(OH)3+ + H+, bekannt (An = U, Np, Pu). In diesen Arbeiten wurde die Löslichkeitsgrenze für wässrige Silikate oft überschritten und eine Komplexbildung mit oligomeren Spezies kann daher nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Ziel der U(VI)-Komplexbildungsstudien war es daher, die Rolle der U(VI)-Hydrolyse und Silikatpolymerisation in Gegenwart wässriger Silikate im sauren pH-Bereich aufzuklären und den Einfluss der Temperatur auf die U(VI)-Silikat-Komplexierung zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Komplexbildungsstudien auf den alkalischen pH-Bereich ausgedehnt, in dem bisher keine U(VI)-Silikat-Spezies bekannt sind. Neben der Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie diente die Elektrosprayionisation-Massenspektrometrie (ESI-MS), die Schubert-Methode sowie die Dichte-Funktional-Theorie (DFT) der Bestimmung thermodynamischer Größen dieses Systems. Zur Abschätzung der experimentellen Bedingungen erfolgten ESI-MS Untersuchungen bei verschiedenen pH-Werten sowie Si-Konzentrationen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es bei pH 3,5 sowie 5,0 zur Bildung oligomerer U-Si sowie Si-Spezies, bei bereits geringer Überschreitung der Löslichkeitsgrenze, kommt. Die experimentellen Bedingungen wurden daher auf pH 3,5 bei einer maximalen Si-Konzentration von 1∙10‒3 M festgelegt. In der Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie zeigt sich eine Zunahme der Molfraktion für den Uran(VI)-Silikat Komplex mit steigender Temperatur. Mit Hilfe der Spektrenentfaltung konnte ein Einzelkomponentenspektrum für den Komplex UO2OSi(OH)3+ bestimmt werden. Die dazugehörige Stabilitätskonstante beträgt log K0 = ‒(0,06 ± 0,24). Die temperaturabhängige Untersuchung ermöglicht die Bestimmung der molaren Standardreaktionsenthalpie ΔrHm0 sowie -entropie ΔrSm0. Für beide Größen ergibt sich ein positiver Wert. Dies weist daraufhin, dass die Entropie als Triebkraft für die Komplexbildung mit steigender Temperatur verantwortlich ist. Zur Untersuchung der Komplexbildungsreaktion im alkalischen pH-Bereich wurde die Schubert-Methode verwendet. Die Methode beruht dabei auf der Bestimmung von Verteilungskoeffizienten in An- und Abwesenheit eines Komplexbildners sowie einer Festphase. Durch die kompetitive Methode ist es möglich, weitere gleichzeitig stattfindende Komplexreaktionen in einem Nebenreaktionskoeffizienten zu vereinen. Die Ergebnisse sind die Anzahl an der Reaktion beteiligten Liganden sowie die Anzahl an ausgetauschten H+-Ionen. Auf Basis dieser beiden Informationen lässt sich auf die Bildung eines ternären Uran(VI)-Silikat-Komplexes im pH-Bereich zwischen 8 - 11 mit einer mono- oder bidentaten Anbindung der Silikat-Gruppe an das Uran(VI) Zentralion schließen. Es konnten zwei mögliche ternäre Komplexe UO2(OH)2OSi(OH)3‒ bzw. UO2(OH)O2Si(OH)2‒ mit einer Stabilitätskonstante logK0 = −(17,2 ± 1,1) identifiziert werden. DFT-Rechnungen zeigen dabei, dass der Komplex UO2(OH)2OSi(OH)3‒ die höhere relative Stabilität besitzt. Der in dieser Arbeit bestimmte An(VI)-Silikat-Komplex ist der erste, welcher unter alkalinen pH-Bedingungen identifiziert werden konnte. Speziationsrechnungen, basierend auf einem natürlichen Tongestein-Porenwasser, zeigen, dass der identifizierte Komplex neben dem dominanten Uran(VI)-Carbonat- und Uran(VI)-Hydroxid-Komplexen vorliegen kann. Dies sind wichtige Hinweise in Hinblick auf die Langzeitsicherheitsanalyse eines tiefengeologischen Endlagers. Eine weitere Quelle für wässrige Silikate stellen Glaskokillen aus der Wiederaufbereitung abgebrannter Brennelemente dar. Hier kann es zur Auflösungen dieser Kokillen, unter Freisetzung wässriger Silikate und der darin enthaltenen hochradioaktiven trivalenten minoren Actinide Np3+, Am3 sowie Cm3+, kommen. Das dritte Themengebiet beschäftigt sich daher mit einer alternativen Host-Matrix zu den Glaskokillen in Form von LnPO4-Keramiken in der Xenotim-Struktur. Als nicht radioaktives chemisches Analogon zu den dreiwertigen Actiniden wird oft Eu3+ eingesetzt, welches sehr gute lumineszenz-spektroskopische Eigenschaften besitzt. Die Dotierung der LnPO4-Kermiken mit Eu3+ ermöglicht die Verwendung der site-selektiven Lumineszenz-Spektroskopie, neben der Röntgendiffraktometrie und der Raman-Spektroskopie. Die Untersuchung erfolgte jeweils nach der Synthese, sowie nach einem Jahr Lagerung. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen, neben der Bildung der gewünschten Xenotim-Struktur, die Bildung von LnPO4-Keramiken in einer unüblichen Anhydrit-Struktur sowie von mehrphasigen Keramiken. Nach einem Jahr Lagerung wurde eine signifikante Veränderung innerhalb der Lumineszenz-Spektren festgestellt, was auf einen Ausschluss von Eu3+ aus der gebildeten Xenotim-Struktur schließen lässt. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse, ist von der Verwendung von LnPO4-Keramiken in der Xenotim-Struktur für die Endlagerung minorer Actinide abzuraten.
927

Nanocluster-rich SiO2 layers produced by ion beam synthesis: electrical and optoelectronic properties

Gebel, Thoralf January 2002 (has links)
The aim of this work was to find a correlation between the electrical, optical and microstructural properties of thin SiO2 layers containing group IV nanostructures produced by ion beam synthesis. The investigations were focused on two main topics: The electrical properties of Ge- and Si-rich oxide layers were studied in order to check their suitability for non-volatile memory applications. Secondly, photo- and electroluminescence (PL and EL) results of Ge-, Si/C- and Sn-rich SiO2 layers were compared to electrical properties to get a better understanding of the luminescence mechanism.
928

Paleogeografický vývoj kenozoických říčních systémů ve středních a severních Čechách a jejich vztah ke klimatickým změnám a neotektonice / Paleogeographic development of the Cenozoic river systems in the central and northern Bohemia and its link to climatic changes and neotectonics

Štor, Tomáš January 2018 (has links)
The main aim of this thesis is to provide greater details on the timing of the fluvial river systems formation in the middle and the northern Bohemia. We focused on the Ploučnice River and Vltava River evolution. The river systems are very complex therefore we have used multiple approaches of the research with the disciplines range from geology, sedimentology, geomorphology, geochemistry, over different dating methods such as 10Be and 26Al isochron burial dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating and radiocarbon dating methods. Our results suggests that the terraces are significantly older than previously proposed. The fluvial style of the Ploučnice River system changes from high-energy braided to long-bend meandered river in the upper terrace levels (36 to 29 m above the modern river) and from high- to medium-energy braided river in the middle terrace levels (22-14 m). In the lower terrace levels (13 to 5 m) high-energy braided to long-bend meandered river environments were identified. Terraces were dating at 34 m, 29 m and 14 m above the modern floodplain with cosmogenic radionuclides while the 19 m, 12 m and 6 m above the modern floodplain terraces were dating with OSL. The time span represented by the river terraces remains unclear and varies from Eburonian to Eemian (1.68 to 0.056 Ma)....
929

The infant incubator from a hygienic and HTO perspective : Using ATP luminescence to identify problem areas and suggesting solutions / Kuvösen ur ett hygieniskt och MTO perspektiv : Identifiering av problemområden med ATP luminiscens och förslag till lösningar

Wikström, Stephanie, Huisman, Simon January 2014 (has links)
Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are a major problem in healthcare today. Preterm infants have problems keeping their body temperature within normal boundaries due to heat-loss. They therefore need special care that is administered with the help of incubators, which help minimise the heat loss via convection. Within neonatology the incubator has been identified as one of the contributing factors to HCAI due to the warm and humid environment, making it easy to spread nosocomial flora. To assess if the incubator is a factor in the spreading of HCAI this project has focused on ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminescence measurements to find areas in the incubator that are likely to contribute to the spread of HCAI and suggesting solutions to some of these. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is found in both organic debris and bacteria and is therefore a good indicator of a problem area due to organic debris acting as nutrients. Only the incubator box of the Giraffe® OmniBed® incubator was studied. The cleaning process was observed on multiple occasions and together with interviews resulted in a number of 29 hypothesised problem areas, on or within the incubator box, that were measured before and after cleaning. The results show that incubators collect a substantial amount of total ATP during its use. Measurements also show that parts that are cleaned by a disinfector are cleaner than those parts that are cleaned manually. Areas on the main compartment became more contaminated after cleaning which further indicated that the design of the incubator needs improving. It was also concluded that there often was residue from soap left on the surface of the main compartment resulting in inhibition of the total ATP luminescence reaction. This resulted in unrealistic low values due to the inclusion of foam and soap in the sample and as a result 45 out of 570 measurements were excluded. Caution is advised when using the Kikkoman total ATP luminescence method, especially on the main body (chassis) of the incubator. A steam vapour cleaner and flask cleanser brush could be used to better reach and clean areas such as cavities and around the bed heating element. The use of the steam vapour cleaner could also diminish or eliminate the use of surface disinfectant that causes red irritated eyes and dizziness in the cleaning staff. The functionality of the incubator was found to be excellent but major improvements can be made in the incubator design to make the cleaning of the incubator easier. / Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett stort problem inom vården idag. För tidigt födda barn (prematurer) har problem att hålla sin kroppstemperatur inom normala gränser på grund av ökad värmeförlust. De behöver därför särskild vård som ges med hjälp av kuvöser, vilka bidrar till att minimera värmeförluster som sker via konvektion. Kuvösen som används inom neonatologin har identifierats som en av de bidragande faktorerna till VRI på grund av den varma och fuktiga miljön,  vilken gör det lätt för mikroorganismer att föröka sig. För att bedöma i vilken utsträckning kuvösen är en faktor i spridningen av VRI har detta examensarbete genomfört ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminiscens-mätningar för att på så vis möjliggöra identifieringen av problemområden i kuvösen samt presentera lösningar till en del av dessa. ATP återfinns i både organisk materia och bakterier och är därför en bra indikator på ett problemområde på grund av att organisk materia agerar som näringsämne för bakterier. Enbart kuvösboxen tillhörande Giraffe® OmniBed® kuvösen testades i denna studie. Rengöringsprocessen av kuvösen observerades vid ett flertal tillfällen. Tillsammans med intervjuer resulterade detta i 29 förmodade problemområden belägna på eller inne i kuvösboxen. Dessa ställen mättes före och efter rengöring. Studien utfördes på neonatalavdelningen på Karolinska sjukhuset i Solna. Mätningar visade att delar som rengörs med en diskdesinfektor är mindre kontaminerade än de delar som rengörs manuellt. Flertalet områden på karossen blev mer kontaminerade efter rengöring vilket indikerade att utformningen av kuvösen behöver förbättras. Det var ofta tvålrester kvar på ytan av karossen, vilket resulterade i hämning av total ATP luminiscens-reaktion. Detta ledde till orealistiskt låga värden och att 45 av 570 mätningar exkluderades. Försiktighet bör iakttas vid användning av total ATP luminiscens-metoden, med Kikkomans LuciPac Pen, då sannolikheten för tvålrester ökar vid mätningar på karossen i kuvösen.  En ångrengörare och flaskborste skulle kunna användas för att bättre nå och rengöra problemområden, såsom hålrum och runt värmeelementet i botten av chassit. Dessa redskap behöver dock utvärderas i framtida studier. Användningen av ångrengörare kan också minska eller eliminera användningen av ytdesinfektion, som orsakar röda irriterande ögon och yrsel hos städpersonal, om effektiviteten uppmätts hålla sjukhusets krav på renhet. Funktionaliteten hos kuvösen fanns vara utmärkt, men förbättringar behövs i utformningen av kuvösen för att möjligöra effektivare, lättare och bättre rengöring.
930

Från serum till plasma : Jämförelse av paratyroideahormon samt kortisol på Cobas 8000®

Mellberg, Maline January 2022 (has links)
Paratyroideahormon (PTH) och kortisol är två analyter som i dagsläget analyseras i serum med elektrokemilumenicense på instrumentet Cobas 8000® på Klinisk Kemi på Länssjukhuset i Kalmar. I framtiden är det planerat att övergå till att analysera dem i plasma. Syftet med projektet var att jämföra värden som erhållits för serum samt plasma för de båda analyterna och undersöka korrelationen mellan dem. Samtidigt utvärderades metodernas repeterbarhet samt eventuellt inflytande av oförutsebara faktorer på mätresultaten med en totalimprecisionsstudie.  PTH är ett peptidhormon som reglerar kalciumhomeostasen i kroppen. Dysfunktion i produktionen av PTH kan leda till osteoporos, hjärtarytmier, muskelkramper samt mentala störningar. Kortisol är ett livsnödvändigt steroidhormon som påverkar ämnesomsättningen och säkerställande det centrala nervsystemets energibehov i situationer med hög stress. Båda analyserna utförs rutinmässigt samt akut och en övergång till plasma skulle framför allt vara tidsbesparande och generera kortare svarstider. Jämförelsen av serum och plasma gjordes med 15 prover från patienter där ett serumrör samt ett plasmarör hade tagits vid samma provtillfälle. Detta resulterade i en determinationskoefficient (r2) som var för PTH 0,9988 och för kortisol 0,9993.  Totalimprecisionen uppskattades genom att analysera två serumkontroller för PTH och kortisol med sex replikat under fem dagar. Variationskoefficienten (CV) för de två PTH-serumkontrollerna var 3,9% för IM2 respektive 3,1% för IM3. För kortisol-serumkontrollerna var CV 2,1% för IM1 respektive 1,3% för IM2. För metoderna eftersträvades ett CV under 5%. Slutsatsen var att korrelationen mellan serum och plasma var mycket god samt att metoderna hade en bra stabilitet och repeterbarhet. / Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol are hormones involved in regulation of important mechanisms in the human body. PTH regulates the homeostasis of calcium and dysfunction in PTH production and release could lead to osteoporosis and arrythmia. Cortisol is involved in the metabolism and assures energy to the central nervous system in times of physiological stress. The concentration of these analytes is clinically determined by electrochemical luminescence on the immunochemical assay platform Cobas 8000®. In the laboratory of clinical chemistry in Kalmar the assays are performed on samples obtained from serum but changing to plasma assays would be more efficient and less time consuming. The aim of this project was to compare measured concentrations for PTH and cortisol using samples obtained from serum and plasma, respectively and to determine the correlation between the obtained results. The analytical precision was also evaluated to appreciate the influence of unpredictable events on the results.  The comparison between the results obtained from serum and plasma was performed by analysing 15 patient samples. Each serum and plasma sample were taken at the same time and from the same patient. The coefficient of determination for PTH was calculated to 0,9988 and for cortisol 0,9993 in serum and plasma, respectively. For the evaluation of the analytical precision, six replicates of two different serum controls for each analyte was assayed during six replicates for five days. In total of 30 replicates for each control. The coefficient of variation (CV) for PTH controls was 3,9% for IM2 and 3,1% for IM3. CV for cortisol was 2,1% for IM1 and 1,3% for IM2. The conclusion from this project was that there was a strong correlation between serum and plasma and both assays had good precision and repeatability.

Page generated in 0.0655 seconds