Lateral violence is an intentional and harmful behavior in the workplace by one employee against another. In nursing lateral violence has impacted the performance of nurses as well as patient care. Research suggests that lateral violence behaviors are still prevalent in the nursing workplace and that there have been few interventions to change these behaviors or address the power dynamics that cause them. Though most of the research on lateral violence has been conducted on female nurses, the population of male nurses is growing. Thus, the purpose of the study was to explore lateral violence in the workplace from the perspective of male nurses. A phenomenological approach with Marion Conti-O'Hare's theory of the wounded healer as the theoretical framework was used to address the research question on male nurse perception of lateral violence in nursing. The data for this study were drawn from interviews of 10 male nurses who were recruited with criterion sampling. Exploratory questions and vignettes were used to gather participants' responses. This allowed for larger themes and core ideas to establish codes. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that lateral violence is a problem in nursing and that there is a gender bias that perpetuates this phenomenon. Results of this study have the potential to contribute to positive social change regarding male perception of lateral violence in nursing by encouraging interventions for lateral violence based on communication differences between genders.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Men comprise about 10% of the nursing population globally and approximately 15% of the nursing workforce according to the South African Nursing Council. There has been an increase noted in the number of males entering the nursing profession. However, it is reported that male nurses experience discriminatory encounters related to gender bias, nursing culture, lack of equity in learning opportunities, and the stigmatisation of male nurses by the media. Although figures indicate that men remain a minority within this female-dominated profession, a university in the Western Cape reported an increased enrolment of males in the nursing programme. However, little is known about what motivates them to enter this female-dominated profession and the challenges they face within the nursing profession. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compile a profile of the current male student nursing population at his school of nursing. The objectives were to identify factors motivating male students to choose nursing as a profession; identify the perceived challenges of male students in the nursing programme; and determine any associations. A quantitative, descriptive study design was used to collect data from the study population, 218 male students registered for the undergraduate nursing programmes in 2018. Stratified sampling was used to select male students for participation in the crosssectional survey and 143 completed the self-administered questionnaire. The tool in this study was adapted from studies conducted by Bartfay et al (2010) and from O’Lynn (2003, 2013). The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the Likert scale questions to determine the motivation for choosing nursing was 0.700 -and 0.905 for the perceived challenges. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to calculate descriptive and inferential statistics. Spearman’s correlations to calculate the strength of the relationship between the dependent variables. Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal- Wallis tests were used to determine the associations between the different variables. A response rate of 65.5% (143) was obtained. The majority of the male students, 84% (120) were aged between 18-25 years and 13% (18) between 26 and 33 years. The majority, 77% (110) were Blacks, 19% (27) Coloureds and 1% (2) White. Forty four percent (63) resides in the Eastern Cape, whilst 39% (56) is from the Western Cape. The spread across the different year levels from 1st to 4th year of the B. Nursing programme are 25% (35), 27(39), 21% (29) and 20% (28) respectively. The majority, 88% (126) had no previous nursing experience before commencing the nursing programme but 53% (76) were studying. The majority, 95% (137) were single and 79% (114) indicating no dependents. The desire to make a difference in society (97%, n=137) and always wanted to be a nurse (38%, n=54) were identified respectively as the most and least important intrinsic factor for entering the nursing profession. The highest rated extrinsic factors for choosing nursing ranging from 92% -76% included having a stable career; variety of career paths; travelling abroad; career mobility and using nursing as a steppingstone to other careers. However, 39% (56) were encouraged by family to do nursing. In terms of perceived challenges, the majority of male students indicated that media portrayed nursing as a female profession, 86% (122) and male nurses as gay or effeminate, 71% (102). Challenges in the clinical settings reveal that 71% (102) of the respondents fear being accused of inappropriate touching of female patients, 82% (118) indicated that female patients were reluctant to receive care from male nurses, and 78% (112) perceive that female colleagues utilize male nurses primarily to lift heavy objects or heavy patients. Finally, the results indicate that extrinsic motivations were significantly associated with the respondents’ race (p = 0.004) and province (p = 0.047). A significant association was found between intrinsic motivation and the age of those respondents who considered nursing as a profession (p = 0.000). There was a significant association between extrinsic motivations and the age when the respondents considered nursing (p = 0.016). The main recommendation that nurse educators and clinical staff be informed of the challenges and gender-based issues that male student nurses face and implement remedial actions in both the classroom and clinical areas.

Bakgrund: Tidigare genomförd forskning visar att kvinnliga patienter kan känna sig obekväma då omvårdnaden utövas av manliga sjuksköterskor. Troliga förklaringar till detta är den manliga sjuksköterskans särställning som minoritet i hälso- och sjukvården. Vidare att rollen att ta hand om och vårda inte alltid varit ett attribut som vanligen tillskrivs män. Syfte: Därav syftar denna studie till att identifiera hur manliga sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskestudenter upplever utövandet av omvårdnadsåtgärder då patienten är en kvinna. Metod: Föreliggande studie har designats som en litteraturstudie baserad på 11 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats som analyserats utifrån metoden för metasyntes. Resultat: Under analysen kunde fyra teman identifieras: “Intim omvårdnad”, “Beröring”, “Religiösa och kulturella hinder”, “Strategier”. Konklusion: Kartläggningen vittnar om att manliga sjuksköterskor stöter på problem på grund av sin könstillhörighet. Problem som i sin tur orsakar ångest och stress i olika omvårdnadssituationer vilket kan ha en direkt inverkan på den vård de ger patienter av motsatt könstillhörighet. Vidare kan det påverka vilken inriktning den manligen sjuksköterskan väljer efter avslutad utbildning. / Background: Previous research shows that female patients may feel uncomfortable when nursing is performed by male nurses. Probable explanations for this are the male nurse's special position as a minority in health care. Furthermore, the role of caring for and nurturing has not always been an attribute commonly ascribed to men. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to identify how male nurses and nursing students experience the practice of nursing measures when the patient is a woman. Method: The present study has been designed as a literature review based on 11 articles with a qualitative approach that were analyzed based on the method of metasynthesis. Result: During the analysis, four themes could be identified: "Intimate care", "Touch", "Religious and cultural barriers", "Strategies". Conclusion: The mapping shows that male nurses encounter problems due to their gender. Problems that in turn cause anxiety and stress in different nursing situations which can have a direct impact on the care they provide to patients of the opposite sex. Furthermore, it can affect which specialization the male nurse chooses after completing the education.

Bakgrund: I och med Florence Nightingales grundande av den moderna sjuksköterskeprofessionen som ett kvinnoyrke försvann män ur professionen fram till 1900- talets mitt. Grunden för omvårdnadsvetenskapen är Caritas motivet, mellanmänskliga kärleken, som kan visas i former av ansning, lekande och lärande. Det finns djupt inflätade normer i samhället som styr vad som är manligt och vad som är kvinnligt. Dessa normer komplicerar rollerna för män som innehar kvinnodominerade yrken, t.ex. män inom sjuksköterskeyrket. Syfte: Att ur ett genusperspektiv belysa hur manliga sjuksköterskor identifierar sig i sin yrkesroll. Metoden: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt av 11 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar, publicerade de senaste 13 åren. Två olika mallar har tillämpats för att hitta gemensamma fynd. Resultatet: Män söker sig till yrket för att de vill hjälpa andra och inneha ett stabilt yrke. Artiklarnas deltagare rapporterar att vården av andra är en del av att vara en god medmänniska. Det framkom att manliga sjuksköterskor har en rädsla för att anklagas för felaktig beröring från både manliga och kvinnliga patienter och därför var restriktiva i sin beröring jämfört med kvinnliga kollegor. Artikeldeltagarna rapporterade att de ibland kände sig oönskade p.g.a. sitt fysiska kön och fick utföra mer fysiskt tungt arbete än kollegor. Slutsats och klinisk betydelse: Manliga sjuksköterskor identifierar sig själva som just sjuksköterskor, men patienter och kollegor delar inte alltid denna uppfattning. Uppsatsen belyser brister i sjuksköterskeutbildningar men uppmanar också att stereotypiseringen av sjuksköterskeyrket ska förändras. / Background: After Florence Nightingale established the modern nursing profession as a female occupation, men disappeared from nursing until the middle 20th century. The foundation for caring science is the Caritas motive, intra-human love, which can be displayed through grooming, playing and teaching. There are deeply rooted norms in society controlling what is masculine and what is feminine. These norms complicate the roles for men in female dominated professions, e.g. males within nursing. Aim: To enlighten how male nurses identify themselves within their professional roles through a gender perspective. Method: The method used is a literature overview on 11 qualitative and peer reviewed articles, published within the last 13 years. Two frames were applied to identify common findings. Results: Men choose nursing because they wanted to help others and obtain a stable career. The participants reported that caring for others was a part of being a decent human being. It was also reported that male nurses have a fear of being accused of inappropriate touching from both male and female patients. Study participants were more restrictive in their touch than their female colleagues. They reported feeling unwanted because of their physical gender and that they did more physically demanding labor than their colleagues. Conclusion and clinical impact: Male nurses do identify themselves as nurses, but patients and colleagues do not always agree. This study illuminates some flaws during nursing education and encourages change in stereotyping men within the nursing profession.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T13:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto, Joelma.pdf: 5688544 bytes, checksum: 26c8743ed4f41be4e587bb9e6dd98918 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-17T19:02:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto, Joelma.pdf: 5688544 bytes, checksum: 26c8743ed4f41be4e587bb9e6dd98918 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-17T19:02:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto, Joelma.pdf: 5688544 bytes, checksum: 26c8743ed4f41be4e587bb9e6dd98918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Este estudo aborda a temática Currículo, prática pedagógica e formação do enfermeiro, que na atualidade tem tomado espaço relevante no debate acadêmico. Referente a estes pontos, alternam-se discursos que traduzem muitas inquietações e vários são os resultados com diferentes análises, pois nas últimas décadas, as questões curriculares da formação do enfermeiro têm suscitado investigações, com vistas a rever e redirecionar as buscas que possam contribuir para o aprimoramento do processo de formação do enfermeiro, deixando evidente que, nem sempre, as reformas curriculares, por si só, estão significando melhoria desta formação. Assim, buscamos conhecer empiricamente e descrever analiticamente a realidade acadêmica da formação do enfermeiro no Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da UESC, tomando como matriz analítica os princípios que nortearam a construção do ?novo? currículo nacional e as idéias de vários autores, a exemplo de Mizukami, Rozendo, Bersnstain, Morin, Polak, Waldow, entre outros, sobre o que se requer da formação do enfermeiro, hoje. Analisamos se a implantação do ?novo? currículo do Curso em estudo modificou a prática docente e a formação do enfermeiro, em coerência com os princípios curriculares preconizados. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, que pode proporcionar uma nova visão do problema, tendo tido o cuidado de observar, descrever e explorar aspectos da situação, interpretando a realidade, sem nela interferir para modificá-la, estando, consequentemente, aberto a novos estudos. Para análise dos dados utilizamos estatística descritiva com cálculo de freqüência simples e percentual. Sinteticamente, os resultados apontaram que os professores e alunos têm dificuldade em conceituar currículo. E o currículo estudado se caracteriza como do tipo coleção, com uma prática pedagógica voltada, predominantemente, para o modelo tradicional e, em conseqüência, a formação do enfermeiro continua tendo características do modelo biomédico-tecnicista, que privilegia um atendimento à saúde, em partes, não considerando o ser humano integral em seus aspectos bio-psico-social. Ficou evidente a falta de formação pedagógica dos docentes do Curso, aspectos que se mantêm para as novas gerações, pois no currículo analisado não há previsão nem preocupação com a formação pedagógica do enfermeiro. Diante desses resultados, acreditamos que precisam ser envidados esforços para que o currículo consiga avançar do modelo de currículo tipo Coleção para o tipo Integração e que a prática pedagógica que hoje se caracteriza como tradicional, com ações técnico ? mecanicistas, evolua para uma abordagem e ações humanista, que considera como unidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem o par pedagógico, constituído por professor e aluno, que deve propiciar o entendimento e a formação consciente e competente do par-do-ato-de-saúde, como um referencial da formação do enfermeiro na contemporaneidade, deixando claro que par implica em cooperação e cooperação só se pode esperar de sujeitos de construção moral autônoma. Portanto, o Projeto Pedagógico deve avançar nessas questões que dizem respeito a qualidade do processo pedagógico e também no que diz respeito as mudanças de paradígma da sociedade contemporânea, o que implica em mudança de mentalidade e tomada de consciência, não apenas de docentes e discentes do Curso, mas também da própria Instituição (UESC), que deve estar comprometida com as necessidades da sociedade onde está inserida. / Salvador

Master of Public Health - MPH / Men comprise about 10% of the nursing population globally and approximately 15% of the nursing workforce according to the South African Nursing Council. There has been an increase noted in the number of males entering the nursing profession. However, it is reported that male nurses experience discriminatory encounters related to gender bias, nursing culture, lack of equity in learning opportunities, and the stigmatisation of male nurses by the media. Although figures indicate that men remain a minority within this female dominated profession, a university in the Western Cape reported an increased enrolment of males in the nursing programme. However, little is known about what motivates them to enter this female-dominated profession and the challenges they face within the nursing profession. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compile a profile of the current male student nursing population at his school of nursing. The objectives were to identify factors motivating male students to choose nursing as a profession; identify the perceived challenges of male students in the nursing programme; and determine any associations. A quantitative, descriptive study design was used to collect data from the study population, 218 male students registered for the undergraduate nursing programmes in 2018. Stratified sampling was used to select male students for participation in the cross- sectional survey and 143 completed the self-administered questionnaire. The tool in this study was adapted from studies conducted by Bartfay et al (2010) and from O’Lynn (2003, 2013). The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the Likert scale questions to determine the motivation for choosing nursing was 0.700 -and 0.905 for the perceived challenges. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to calculate descriptive and inferential statistics. Spearman’s correlations to calculate the strength of the relationship between the dependent variables. Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal- Wallis tests were used to determine the associations between the different variables. A response rate of 65.5% (143) was obtained. The majority of the male students, 84% (120) were aged between 18-25 years and 13% (18) between 26 and 33 years. The majority, 77% (110) were Blacks, 19% (27) Coloureds and 1% (2) White. Forty four percent (63) resides in the Eastern Cape, whilst 39% (56) is from the Western Cape. The spread across the different year levels from 1st to 4th year of the B. Nursing programme are 25% (35), 27(39), 21% (29) and 20% (28) respectively. The majority, 88% (126) had no previous nursing experience before commencing the nursing programme but 53% (76) were studying. The majority, 95% (137) were single and 79% (114) indicating no dependents. The desire to make a difference in society (97%, n=137) and always wanted to be a nurse (38%, n=54) were identified respectively as the most and least important intrinsic factor for entering the nursing profession. The highest rated extrinsic factors for choosing nursing ranging from 92% -76% included having a stable career; variety of career paths; travelling abroad; career mobility and using nursing as a steppingstone to other careers. However, 39% (56) were encouraged by family to do nursing. In terms of perceivedchallenges, the majority of male students indicated that media portrayed nursing as a female profession, 86% (122) and male nurses as gay or effeminate, 71% (102). Challenges in the clinical settings reveal that 71% (102) of the respondents fear being accused of inappropriate touching of female patients, 82% (118) indicated that female patients were reluctant to receive care from male nurses, and 78% (112) perceive that female colleagues utilize male nurses primarily to lift heavy objects or heavy patients. Finally, the results indicate that extrinsic motivations were significantly associated with the respondents’ race (p = 0.004) and province (p = 0.047). A significant association was found between intrinsic motivation and the age of those respondents who considered nursing as a profession (p = 0.000). There was a significant association between extrinsic motivations and the age when the respondents considered nursing (p = 0.016). The main recommendation that nurse educators and clinical staff be informed of the challenges and gender-based issues that male student nurses face and implement remedial actions in both the classroom and clinical areas.

Könsroller i samhället påverkar män och kvinnors val av arbetsområde inom vården. Enligt statistik från Socialstyrelsen väljer manliga sjuksköterskor främst att specialistutbilda sig inom akutsjukvård samt psykiatri, medan vissa områden har brist på män. De patienter som önskar bli omhändertagen av en manlig sjuksköterska kan i dagsläget inte få detta uppfyllt överallt. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva manliga sjuksköterskors motiv att söka sig till och att arbeta inom sluten psykiatri samt akutmottagning. Metoden för studien var kvalitativ deskriptiv, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer vilka analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Undersökningsgruppen valdes ut genom ändamålsenligt urval och bestod av fyra sjuksköterskor inom psykiatri samt fyra inom akutmottagning, vid ett sjukhus i norra Sverige och ett i mellersta Sverige. I resultatet framkom att ett motiv för de manliga sjuksköterskornas arbetsval var att det inom akutmottagning samt sluten psykiatri fanns bra möjligheter att göra skillnad för patienten, vilket medförde att sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de verkligen kunde göra nytta för patienten och fick känna sig behövda. Sjuksköterskorna ansåg att de hade bra utvecklingsmöjligheter inom sitt yrke och många karriärvägar. Arbetsmiljön upplevdes som tillfredsställande i förhållande till självständighet, variation och arbetstempo. Deltagarna ansåg att deras arbete var ett intressant område med roliga arbetsuppgifter. Slutsatsen var att det bland manliga sjuksköterskor inom psykiatri och akutmottagning fanns en attraktion till arbete som upplevs som intressant, självständigt, varierande, bra med utvecklingsmöjligheter och där sjuksköterskan får känna att han gör ett bra arbete. Sjuksköterskorna hade en negativ föreställning om att arbetet på somatisk vårdavdelning inte motsvarade dessa viktiga faktorer. / Gender roles in society influence the choices of men and women regarding working area in healthcare. According to statistics from the Health and Human Services Department of Sweden, (Socialstyrelsen) men tend to mainly specialize in emergency care and psychiatry, while some other specialization areas have a shortage of men. Patients who wish to be tended to by a male nurse can not get this fulfilled everywhere. The aim of this study was to describe why male nurses most commonly choose to work in psychiatric wards and emergency rooms. The method, which has been used, is a qualitative interview study using a descriptive design, which later was analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The informants were chosen using purpose selection and consisted of four nurses within the field of psychiatry, and an additional four that worked in emergency rooms, distributed on one hospital in northern Sweden, and one in the central part of the country. In the result the reasons for the choice regarding work place of the male nurses were that at the emergency rooms and psychiatric wards, the possibility of making a difference for the patient and also having time for him/her was great, which made the nurses feel that they could be of good use for the patient, and also felt needed. In the work place it was considered that the nurses had good potential for professional development. The working environment was perceived as satisfactory in relation to independence, variation and working place. The participants considered that their field of work offered an interesting work place and providing enjoyable work tasks. The conclusion drawn in this study, showed that among male nurses within the fields of psychiatry and emergency care, found an attraction to their work because the work is perceived as interesting, independent, varying, providing good opportunities for further professional development, and where the nurse gets to feel as if he is doing a good job. The nurses had a negatory conception regarding somatic care, since they thought that it did not meet these important key factors.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T14:01:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Miranda de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 1484991 bytes, checksum: 3cffe3d91562d24b6f586073458109b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T14:03:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Miranda de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 1484991 bytes, checksum: 3cffe3d91562d24b6f586073458109b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Miranda de Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 1484991 bytes, checksum: 3cffe3d91562d24b6f586073458109b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Continuing education is an important factor that aims at excellence of care. The aim of this study is to analyze the continuing education for nurses in urological care of people with spinal cord injury. Specific objectives: 1) to discuss the nurses' perception on Continuing Education in urological care of people with spinal cord injury; 2) identify the factors that facilitate and hinder the Continuing Education of accession-related urologic care of people with spinal cord injury. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research guided by the analysis of Bardin, 2013. Survey participants were nurses from the inpatient unit for rehabilitation. The sample was constituted by 9 nurses. Data collection took place between January and February 2015. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the UFG Opinion Research Center and 880,053 diretreizes meets the standards and regulatory standards for research involving human beings, according to Resulação 466 / 12 of the National Health Council. The results were described in three categories, using the speeches of the participants identified impersonally with the numbering E1 to E9. The perception of nurses about the Continuing Education of rehabilitation unit revealed that favors the professional autonomy of the nurse. There is evidence of a strong professional effort to make Continuing Education, at its core, in the daily nursing care. It was shown that nurses do not participate in Congress in the urological area; nurses have not had the opportunity to study on rehabilitation and urologic care of people with spinal cord injury in the academic period. The information enable managers and nursing course Coordinators about actions to be developed and work out a plan to minimize the gaps that hinder the accession of Continuing Education and the knowledge and experience of nurses on the urological care in academic life. This perspectiva, professional multi-mode nurses can plan educational activities aimed at rehabilitation in health. / A Educação Continuada é um fator relevante que visa a excelência do cuidar. Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a Educação Continuada para os enfermeiros no cuidado urológico da pessoa com lesão medular. Como objetivos específicos: 1) Discutir a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a Educação Continuada no cuidado urológico da pessoa com lesão medular; 2) identificar os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a adesão da Educação Continuada relacionada ao cuidado urológico da pessoa com lesão medular. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo e de natureza exploratória pautada na analise de Bardin, 2013. Os participantes da pesquisa são enfermeiros da unidade de internação para reabilitação. A amostra se constituiu por 9 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro a fevereiro de 2015. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Núcleo de Pesquisa da UFG Parecer 880.053 e atende as normas diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, de acordo com a Resulação 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os resultados foram descritos em três categorias, utilizando-se as falas dos participantes, identificados de forma impessoal com a numeração de E1 a E9. A percepção dos enfermeiros acerca da Educação Continuada da unidade de reabilitação revelou que favorece a autonomia profissional do enfermeiro. Evidencia-se um forte esforço profissional para tornar Educação Continuada, em sua essência, no cotidiano do cuidar em enfermagem. Foi evidenciado que os enfermeiros não participam de congresso na área urológica; os enfermeiros não tiveram a oportunidade de estudar sobre reabilitação e cuidado urológico da pessoa com lesão medular no período acadêmico. As informações permitem aos gestores e cordenadores de curso de enfermagem acerca de ações a serem desenvolvidas e elaborar um planejamento para minimizar as lacunas que dificultam a adesão da Educação Continuada e o conhecimento e experiência dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado urológico na vida acadêmica. Nessa perspectiva, os profissionais enfermeiros de modo multiprofissional podem planejar ações educativas que visem a reabilitação em saúde.

Sannolikheten att manliga sjuksköterskor väljer att avsluta sin yrkeskarriär är fyra gånger större än för kvinnliga sjuksköterskor – en anledning kan vara svårigheterna att utföra intim omvårdnad på kvinnliga patienter. Syftet med studien var att belysa manliga sjuksköterskors upplevelser av intim omvårdnad på kvinnliga patienter samt vilka strategier som användes i omvårdnadssituationerna. Intim omvårdnad innebär omvårdnadsåtgärder som involverar patientens kroppsfunktioner, personlig hygien samt blottning av könsdelar. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där tio resultatartiklar granskades och sammanställdes i subteman. Resultatet visar att manliga sjuksköterskor upplever den intima omvårdnaden av kvinnliga patienter som genant samt känner oro för att bli missförstådda och anklagade för sexuella trakasserier. För att undvika det har manliga sjuksköterskor utvecklat särskilda strategier. Dessa strategier har erfarits genom praktisk erfarenhet, inte från evidensbaserad utbildning. Manliga sjuksköterskor upplever att deras sjuksköterskeutbildningar inte tillhandhåller nödvändig kunskap om hur intim omvårdnad ska utföras på kvinnliga patienter, vilket resulterar i att de känner sig dåligt förberedda inför det praktiska arbetslivet. Studiens resultat rekommenderas vara till grund för en implementering av problemet i sjuksköterskeutbildningen men även i den kliniska vårdverksamheten för att förbättra den kvinnliga patientupplevelsen och arbetsmiljön för manlig hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.

Depuis le début des années 90, le réseau de la santé au Québec est soumis à une vaste restructuration qui a eu des conséquences négatives sur la qualité de vie au travail (QVT) des infirmières et infirmiers. Les hommes se retrouvent en nombre croissant dans toutes les sphères de la pratique infirmière, mais les études existantes ne font malheureusement pas mention de la qualité de vie au travail de ceux-ci. Alors, il apparaît pertinent de s’attarder au phénomène de la qualité de vie au travail des hommes infirmiers dans la profession infirmière, et ce, plus précisément en CSSS mission CLSC. Le but de cette étude phénoménologique consiste à décrire et à comprendre la signification de la qualité de vie au travail pour des infirmiers œuvrant en CSSS mission CLSC. L’essence du phénomène, les huit thèmes et les 35 sous-thèmes qui se dégagent directement des entrevues énoncent que la signification de la qualité de vie au travail pour des infirmiers œuvrant en centre de santé et des services sociaux (CSSS), mission CLSC et déclarant avoir une qualité de vie positive au travail, signifie « un climat empreint de caring qui favorise l'épanouissement de l'infirmier en CLSC en œuvrant pour le maintien de l'harmonie entre les sphères professionnelle et familiale ». Si certains résultats corroborent ceux d’études antérieures, d’autres apportent des éléments nouveaux favorisant la santé des infirmiers par le biais de la qualité de vie au travail. Enfin, des avenues concrètes visant la mise en place de programmes d’optimisation de la qualité de vie au travail, sont proposées. / In the 1990s, health care organizations in Québec underwent sweeping reforms that disrupted the work climate and practices of nurses (Bourbonnais et al., 2000; Pérodeau et al., 2002). These reforms had a negative impact on nurses’ quality of working life (QWL), leading decision makers and researchers to investigate the QWL phenomenon from several perspectives (Delmas, 1999; 2001; Gascon, 2001; O’Brien-Pallas & Baumann, 1992). Most of the studies of this phenomenon were conducted in hospital settings and were based on paradigms of psychological distress (Bourbonnais et al., 1998, 2000) or burn-out (a pathogenic perspective) (Duquette et al., 1995) rather than a health paradigm (a salutogenic perspective) (Gascon, 2001). A salutogenic perspective represents a positive vision of an approach to health (Antonovsky, 1996; Delmas, 2001, Duquette & Delmas, 2002). The scientific literature (Brooks et al., 1996; Ekstrom, 1999; Evans, 2001) suggests that, in addition to living through the same upheavals as their female colleagues, some male nurses also have negative feelings related to sex discrimination, feelings of isolation, and the conflict between masculine values (strength, aggressiveness) and the feminine values (gentleness, flexibility) of the nursing profession. These feelings can only hamper nurses’ QWL, yet they are not mentioned in studies of male nurses (Boughn, 2001; Ekstrom, 1999; Evans, 1997, 2001). The aim of the study, using Giorgi’s (1985, 1997a) descriptive phenomenology as a method, is to describe and understand the significance of phenomena through people’s experiences. The findings were derived from semi-structured individual interviews of 60 to 90 minutes with five male nurses who reported a positive quality of life at work. Data analysis consisted of: collecting the data, reading and rereading the results, dividing the data into meaningful units, organizing and stating the raw data in the language of the discipline and, finally, synthesizing the findings and letting the essence of the phenomena emerge. Watson’s (1988, 2005) human caring philosophy served as a backdrop for the entire process. The analysis of verbatim transcripts revealed eight themes that defined the significance of the quality of working life for male nurses practising in community settings: 1) autonomy in their professional practice; 2) job satisfaction; 3) a healthy workplace setting; 4) relations with the administration characterized by support and respect; 5) caring relationships with other members of the interdisciplinary team; 6) working in partnership with female peers; 7) commitment to clients and their families; and 8) professional work-life balance. The essence of the phenomenon stems directly from the themes that emerged during the interviews; it states that for male nurses working in health and social service centres (CSSSs), as part of CLSCs, working life means “a caring climate that fosters the vitality of male CLSC nurses by trying to maintain a balance between their professional and family lives.” If some of the findings confirm what has been reported in other studies, others have added new information on how to promote the health of male nurses by targeting quality of working life. Concrete avenues are proposed for implementing quality of working life optimization programs.