Les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) font désormais partie du paysage de nombreux établissements d’enseignement supérieur, secondaire et même primaire en Afrique. Les avantages pour l’Institution, l’enseignant et l’apprenant sont avérés (Mvoto Meyong, 2010). Cependant les expériences, à l’échelle des établissements de formation, sont encore peu nombreuses et peu concluantes. Cette thèse porte sur l’intégration des TIC dans un cours de français pour anglophones à l’université de Buéa au Cameroun. Le cours traditionnel, dans sa version uniquement présentiel en classe, se déroule dans un contexte limitant fortement la satisfaction d’objectifs pédagogiques essentiels. En effet, les effectifs pléthoriques, le peu de temps alloué à la formation, l’hétérogénéité des groupes d’apprenants font que les compétences de production ainsi que les compétences en interaction des intéressés ne peuvent être développées. En réponse à cet existant, cette thèse, de type recherche-action, présente un dispositif hybride articulant travail en classe et dans le centre technologique de l’université. Là sont offertes des activités de communication en petits groupes dans une modalité quasi-synchrone. Cette modalité, peu souvent étudiée dans la littérature de recherche, offre une alternative réaliste aux environnements synchrones peu fiables, compte tenu de l’état des réseaux et de l’Internet dans cette partie du monde. Afin d’étudier si ce nouveau dispositif de formation permet de dépasser les difficultés évoquées et de faciliter l’apprentissage, je l’ai déployé deux années successives, en l’entourant d’un protocole de recherche. Les données recueillies m’ont permis d’analyser les interactions, de mettre en évidence les traces d’apprentissage. Mais cette double expérimentation apporte aussi un nouvel éclairage au travers de l’analyse des obstacles qui ont handicapé la mise en œuvre du dispositif technopédagogique. Je questionne le modèle d’intégration des TIC qui traditionnellement concentre toutes les ressources en un seul endroit, sans tenir compte des contextes technologiquement limités. J’esquisse une voie alternative destinée, grâce à l’apprentissage mobile, à intégrer les TIC dans des dispositifs de formation de langues et un contexte technologique proches de notre situation prototypique. / Information and Communication Technologies are now part of the life of many institutions of higher education, secondary education and even primary education. The benefits for these institutions, as well as for teachers and learners are established. However, there are very few cases of experiments carried out in learning Institutions with positive results. This thesis is about integrating ICTs into a French course in the Anglo-Saxon university of Buea in Cameroon. The context in which the course is taught in classrooms makes it difficult for the objectives to be met. Because of the large class size, the little time allocated to the course and the heterogeneous nature of students’ language levels, speaking, writing and interactional skills are not worked out in class. This action research thesis sets out to propose a blended learning set-up that hinges around the university IT Centre. Online classes are articulated with classroom sessions. Thus, students have the opportunity to involve in small groups, in communicative activities and in quasi synchronous mode. These communication modality, very often less studied by CMC researchers, is an efficient alternative to synchronous communication and environments that are very much reliable as far as internet quality is concerned in that part of the world. The general question that has driven the research is: How can a technology instrumented approach help in overcoming difficulties and ease learning? To answer that question, two technology based experiences were carried out. They were guided by a research protocol. Data collected enable me to analyse interactions and determine traces of language acquisition. From the circumstances surrounding the experiments, it is discovered that there are a number of obstacles to the integration of ICT in “low tech context” like that which is studied. The technology-based stet-up pattern is then questioned. This research work goes further to propose mobile learning as an alternative to the ICT integration model that concentrates all the resources in a single location.

國民所得上升而提升了顧客購買力，物質需求不再像以往，現在同時必須滿足消費者休閒娛樂，因此結合購物以及餐飲與娛樂的大型購物中心逐漸拓展。本研究以資料採礦技術對T購物中心所提供之問卷進行資料分析，其中問卷包含了消費者基本資料、消費者行為與偏好、滿意度與建議四大部分，以統計方法分析會員與非會員之間的消費行為差異，進而做出市場區隔與行銷決策，增進顧客人數且提高消費意願和忠誠度，以及吸引非會員前來消費並申辦會員，提升顧客對T購物中心的依賴，並期望經由研究結果提供日後T購物中心於行銷計劃上之參考。 / The rising of national income promoted customers purchasing power. Material needs no longer as before,and must satisfy consumer entertainment at the same time now. Thus ,the shopping malls which combining shopping、dining and entertainment gradually expand. In this study,we used the technology of data mining to the questionnaires provided by T shopping Mall and conducted data analysis. The four parts of questionnaires contain basic information of consumers、consumer behavior、satisfaction and preferences. We analyze consumer behavioral differences between members and non-members by statistical methods and then make market segmentation and marketing decision, increase the number of customers and enhance consumer willingness and loyalty. Moreover, attract non-members to come and consume and bid for membership. Promote the dependence on T shopping mall of customers and expect the results to provide a reference on the marketing plan of T shopping mall in the future.

Diversas condições durante as etapas de produção dos alimentos podem levar à introdução de micro-organismos patogênicos nas refeições. Esse fato pode ser relevante nos serviços de alimentação localizados em shopping centers pela limitada área física, número de equipamentos insuficientes e volume de refeições servidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar esse tipo de estabelecimento quanto ao cumprimento de boas práticas e verificar a presença de matéria orgânica e contaminação bacteriana residual em refrigeradores que haviam sido submetidos à limpeza de rotina. Vinte estabelecimentos localizados em um shopping center de Porto Alegre foram incluídos no estudo. Em cada estabelecimento foi aplicada a Lista de Verificação em Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação prevista na Portaria nº 78 de 28 de Janeiro de 2009 (CEVS) e foram colhidas três amostras com intervalo mensal da parede interna do refrigerador no dia subsequente à limpeza de rotina. As amostras foram avaliadas pelo sistema Clean Trace (3M), quanto à presença de Listeria sp., Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Os dados resultantes da aplicação da Lista de Verificação apontaram que 55% dos estabelecimentos não atingiram a pontuação mínima (>75%) para serem considerados satisfatórios. Em 95% (57/60) das amostras colhidas nos refrigeradores, demonstrou-se a presença de matéria orgânica residual. Já as análises microbiológicas apontaram ausência de Listeria sp., presença de de Coliformes Totais e E. coli em 8,3% e 1,6% das amostras, respectivamente. Não houve associação entre a classificação do estabelecimento (satisfatório/insatisfatório) e a presença de matéria orgânica residual ou Coliformes Totais nos refrigeradores. Estes resultados demonstram a necessidade de constante revisão e monitoramento dos processos de higienização de equipamentos em serviços de alimentação. / Several conditions during all stages of food production can lead to the introduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in food. This fact may be relevant in the food service located in shopping malls by limited physical area, insufficient number of equipment and volume of meals served. The aim of this study was to evaluate this type of establishment for compliance with good practices and verify the presence of organic matter and residual bacterial contamination in refrigerators that had been submitted to routine cleaning. Twenty establishments located in a shopping center from Porto Alegre were included in the study. In each establishment a Checklist for Good Practice for Food Services, provided by Resoltuion No. 78 published on January 28th 2009 (CEVS), was aplied, and three samples were collected at monthly intervals from the inner wall of the refrigerator on the day following the routine cleaning. The samples were evaluated by the Clean Trace system (3M) for the presence of Listeria sp., Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. The data resulting from application of the Checklist showed that 55% of establishments didn’t attained the minimum score (> 75%) to be classified satisfactory. From de samples taken on the refrigerator’s inner wall, 95% (57/60) demonstrated the presence of residual organic. Nevertheless, microbiological analyzes showed absence of Listeria sp., and isolation of Total Coliforms and E. coli in 8.3% and 1.6% of the samples, respectively. There was no association between the classification of the establishment (satisfactory / unsatisfactory) and the presence of residual organic matter or total coliform in the refrigerator. The results demonstrate the need for constant review and monitoring and improvement of sanitizing procedures of equipment in food service.

The present dissertation verifies the possibility of objects concrete I will be generating stimulus on the visual sense , the dot of I'll be functioning I eat inductors of behavior, without imposition authoritarian. She picks understand the rhetoric Visual for the purpose of use yours basis as the means of examination of elements what sensitize the sense from view, materialize in a space built of the Shopping Iguatemi (Mall) in Maceió - Alagoas. About to as many, breaking of the concept from rhetoric I eat the art of persuade at speech verifies - if the possibility of relating the theories the respect, what originally linked together on the communication oral / writing, with the language visual. Understanding the language like a system of sign what serve about to communication, can you - if observe what the language visual differ - if from oral / writing &, given this, has characteristics proper I eat the tendency the be synoptic & analogical and that is, generally, learned of she forms tacit. From this she forms, I eat the use from the grammatical rules & of another originating in from linguistic as the means of I study, they seemed no deliver account from Rhetoric Visual, she sought - if elucidate I eat the excitements sensorial visual could, according to the fundamental from Neuroscience & from Psychology, be sensed at human being induced - the, without imposition authoritarian, to a determined behavior. I find that - if what it is possible use the fundamental from Rhetoric Visual, as the means of examination from communication visual persuasiveness a space architectonic, where if verifies, in the event of I study, the attendance of signals visual inductors of determined behaviors. / A presente dissertação verifica a possibilidade de objetos concretos gerarem estímulos à percepção visual, a ponto de funcionarem como indutores de comportamento, sem imposição autoritária. Busca compreender a Retórica Visual a fim de utilizar seus fundamentos como instrumento de exame de elementos que sensibilizam o sentido da visão, materializados no espaço construído do Shopping Iguatemi em Maceió, Alagoas. Para tanto, partindo do conceito da retórica como a arte de persuadir pelo discurso verificou-se a possibilidade de relacionar as teorias a este respeito, que são originalmente ligadas à comunicação oral/escrita, com a linguagem visual. Entendendo a linguagem como um sistema de signos que serve para comunicação, pode-se observar que a linguagem visual difere-se da oral/escrita e, assim sendo, possui características próprias como a tendência a ser sinóptica e analógica e que é, geralmente, aprendida de forma tácita. Desta forma, como o emprego das regras gramaticais e de outras oriundas da lingüística como instrumento de estudo, pareciam não dar conta da Retórica Visual, procurou-se elucidar como os estímulos sensoriais visuais poderiam, de acordo com os fundamentos da Neurociência e da Psicologia, ser percebidos pelo ser humano induzindo-o, sem imposição autoritária, a um determinado comportamento. Constatou-se que é possível utilizar os fundamentos da Retórica Visual, como instrumento de exame da comunicação visual persuasiva em um espaço arquitetônico, onde se verificou, no caso em estudo, a presença de sinais visuais indutores de determinados comportamentos.

Submitted by Rayssa Belke Silva (ra_belke@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-17T12:34:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_RayssaBelke_VF.pdf: 1991164 bytes, checksum: 903e9c2f4673da811e575ed8b30509f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-19T16:43:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_RayssaBelke_VF.pdf: 1991164 bytes, checksum: 903e9c2f4673da811e575ed8b30509f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T12:50:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_RayssaBelke_VF.pdf: 1991164 bytes, checksum: 903e9c2f4673da811e575ed8b30509f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-22 / Purpose - The objective of this work is to identify and analyze the role of innovation, in particular the use of information technology, in the marketing actions of the shopping malls and to evaluate its strategic role in the differentiation of the enterprises given the high competition of the market. Methodology - The methodology used in this research had qualitative approach with an exploratory character to obtain and analyze the data. It should be emphasized that the data were obtained through individual interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, a documentary survey was carried out by means of the analysis in the financial reports of the company. Findings - The final considerations demonstrate that innovation as a strategy of competitive advantage is still far below its potential in the two malls research objects. The shopping center model itself, in the cases examined, continues with a traditional bias and with structural gaps that are directly related to its difficulty adapting to technological advances and modifying its business strategy. Limitations - The main limitation of the research is the generalization from the analysis of two cases of application of information technology in marketing actions in Brazilian shopping centers. In addition, the innovations studied have specific characteristics, which could be characterized as experiments rather than current practices. Practical contributions - From these results, one can see that there is a broad field of development and solidification of marketing actions that involve IT innovation in shopping centers. However, in order to be successful, it is necessary to be preceded by some pre-requirements, such as improvement in the relationship between shopkeepers and administration, formalization of marketing planning, training of mall marketing teams and diversification of actions. Originality - This is one of the few study studies that evaluates the application of technology in promotional actions in Brazilian shopping malls / Objetivo – O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar o papel da inovação, em particular do uso de tecnologia da informação, nas ações de marketing dos shopping centers e avaliar o seu papel estratégico na diferenciação dos empreendimentos dada a alta concorrência do mercado. Metodologia – A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa com caráter exploratório para obtenção e análise dos dados. Destaca-se que os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais fundamentadas em questionário semiestruturado. Além disso, foi realizado um levantamento documental por meio da análise nos relatórios financeiros da empresa. Resultados – As considerações finais demonstram que a inovação como estratégia de vantagem competitiva ainda está muito aquém do seu potencial nos dois shopping centers objetos de pesquisa. O próprio modelo de shopping center, nos casos examinados, continua com um viés tradicional e com gaps estruturais que estão diretamente relacionados a sua dificuldade em se adaptar aos avanços tecnológicos e modificar a sua estratégia empresarial. Limitações – A principal limitação da pesquisa está na generalização a partir da análise de dois casos de aplicação de tecnologia da informação em ações de marketing nos shopping centers brasileiros. Adicionalmente, as inovações estudadas possuem caráter pontuais, que mais poderiam ser caracterizadas como experimentos do que práticas correntes. Contribuições práticas – A partir desses resultados, pode-se perceber que existe um campo amplo de desenvolvimento e solidificação de ações de marketing que envolvam inovação em TI em shopping centers. Contudo, para que tenha sucesso, é necessário que seja precedido de alguns pré-requisitos, como a melhoria na relação entre lojistas e administração, formalização do planejamento de marketing, capacitação das equipes de marketing dos shoppings e diversificação das ações. Originalidade – este é um dos poucos estudos que avalia a aplicação de tecnologia em ações promocionais nos shoppings centers brasileiros

Cette thèse questionne le développement des centres commerciaux en France. Pour cela, elle analyse l’activité des professionnels dédiés à leur élaboration : les promoteurs d’immobilier commercial. Appréhendés au prisme des projets, les centres commerciaux apparaissent comme des constructions à la fois immobilières, économiques et politiques. Ce sont des biens immobiliers qui prennent la forme de « places de marché ». A ce titre, ils doivent attirer les protagonistes du commerce de détail (commerçants, consommateurs). Mais ils doivent aussi « se faire une place » dans les territoires. Là, les promoteurs sont confrontés aux élus locaux. Le développement des centres commerciaux s’inscrit dès lors dans une tension entre trois modes de définition des projets. Il revient aux promoteurs de les articuler au sein des systèmes d’acteurs qui entourent chaque réalisation. A travers une enquête par entretiens ; un travail d’archives portant sur quatre projets (Bercy Village, Le Millénaire, Odysseum, Ecoparc) ; et des analyses statistiques sur le profil des centres commerciaux en Île-De-France ; cette thèse démontre une tendance récente des promoteurs à prendre en compte la vision des élus engagés activement dans le développement de leurs villes depuis deux décennies. / In this dissertation we study the creation of shopping malls in France. We propose a sociology of market work of retail property developers. As marketplaces creators they have to involve retailers and consumers in their projects. They also have to organize a place for the market inside the cities. Thus, they confront local representatives. As a result these marketplaces creators have to deal with property, retailing and political issues. A tension between three kinds of projects definition emerges. Property developers' activity follows several steps which comprised attempts to articulate this tension. Based on interviews, analyses of four projects (Bercy Village, Le Millénaire, Odysseum, Ecoparc) and a statistical study of the shopping malls profiles in the Île-De-France region, we show that property developers recently follow the vision of local representatives involved in the urban development since the 1990's.

Diversas condições durante as etapas de produção dos alimentos podem levar à introdução de micro-organismos patogênicos nas refeições. Esse fato pode ser relevante nos serviços de alimentação localizados em shopping centers pela limitada área física, número de equipamentos insuficientes e volume de refeições servidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar esse tipo de estabelecimento quanto ao cumprimento de boas práticas e verificar a presença de matéria orgânica e contaminação bacteriana residual em refrigeradores que haviam sido submetidos à limpeza de rotina. Vinte estabelecimentos localizados em um shopping center de Porto Alegre foram incluídos no estudo. Em cada estabelecimento foi aplicada a Lista de Verificação em Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação prevista na Portaria nº 78 de 28 de Janeiro de 2009 (CEVS) e foram colhidas três amostras com intervalo mensal da parede interna do refrigerador no dia subsequente à limpeza de rotina. As amostras foram avaliadas pelo sistema Clean Trace (3M), quanto à presença de Listeria sp., Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Os dados resultantes da aplicação da Lista de Verificação apontaram que 55% dos estabelecimentos não atingiram a pontuação mínima (>75%) para serem considerados satisfatórios. Em 95% (57/60) das amostras colhidas nos refrigeradores, demonstrou-se a presença de matéria orgânica residual. Já as análises microbiológicas apontaram ausência de Listeria sp., presença de de Coliformes Totais e E. coli em 8,3% e 1,6% das amostras, respectivamente. Não houve associação entre a classificação do estabelecimento (satisfatório/insatisfatório) e a presença de matéria orgânica residual ou Coliformes Totais nos refrigeradores. Estes resultados demonstram a necessidade de constante revisão e monitoramento dos processos de higienização de equipamentos em serviços de alimentação. / Several conditions during all stages of food production can lead to the introduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in food. This fact may be relevant in the food service located in shopping malls by limited physical area, insufficient number of equipment and volume of meals served. The aim of this study was to evaluate this type of establishment for compliance with good practices and verify the presence of organic matter and residual bacterial contamination in refrigerators that had been submitted to routine cleaning. Twenty establishments located in a shopping center from Porto Alegre were included in the study. In each establishment a Checklist for Good Practice for Food Services, provided by Resoltuion No. 78 published on January 28th 2009 (CEVS), was aplied, and three samples were collected at monthly intervals from the inner wall of the refrigerator on the day following the routine cleaning. The samples were evaluated by the Clean Trace system (3M) for the presence of Listeria sp., Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. The data resulting from application of the Checklist showed that 55% of establishments didn’t attained the minimum score (> 75%) to be classified satisfactory. From de samples taken on the refrigerator’s inner wall, 95% (57/60) demonstrated the presence of residual organic. Nevertheless, microbiological analyzes showed absence of Listeria sp., and isolation of Total Coliforms and E. coli in 8.3% and 1.6% of the samples, respectively. There was no association between the classification of the establishment (satisfactory / unsatisfactory) and the presence of residual organic matter or total coliform in the refrigerator. The results demonstrate the need for constant review and monitoring and improvement of sanitizing procedures of equipment in food service.

Diversas condições durante as etapas de produção dos alimentos podem levar à introdução de micro-organismos patogênicos nas refeições. Esse fato pode ser relevante nos serviços de alimentação localizados em shopping centers pela limitada área física, número de equipamentos insuficientes e volume de refeições servidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar esse tipo de estabelecimento quanto ao cumprimento de boas práticas e verificar a presença de matéria orgânica e contaminação bacteriana residual em refrigeradores que haviam sido submetidos à limpeza de rotina. Vinte estabelecimentos localizados em um shopping center de Porto Alegre foram incluídos no estudo. Em cada estabelecimento foi aplicada a Lista de Verificação em Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação prevista na Portaria nº 78 de 28 de Janeiro de 2009 (CEVS) e foram colhidas três amostras com intervalo mensal da parede interna do refrigerador no dia subsequente à limpeza de rotina. As amostras foram avaliadas pelo sistema Clean Trace (3M), quanto à presença de Listeria sp., Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Os dados resultantes da aplicação da Lista de Verificação apontaram que 55% dos estabelecimentos não atingiram a pontuação mínima (>75%) para serem considerados satisfatórios. Em 95% (57/60) das amostras colhidas nos refrigeradores, demonstrou-se a presença de matéria orgânica residual. Já as análises microbiológicas apontaram ausência de Listeria sp., presença de de Coliformes Totais e E. coli em 8,3% e 1,6% das amostras, respectivamente. Não houve associação entre a classificação do estabelecimento (satisfatório/insatisfatório) e a presença de matéria orgânica residual ou Coliformes Totais nos refrigeradores. Estes resultados demonstram a necessidade de constante revisão e monitoramento dos processos de higienização de equipamentos em serviços de alimentação. / Several conditions during all stages of food production can lead to the introduction of pathogenic micro-organisms in food. This fact may be relevant in the food service located in shopping malls by limited physical area, insufficient number of equipment and volume of meals served. The aim of this study was to evaluate this type of establishment for compliance with good practices and verify the presence of organic matter and residual bacterial contamination in refrigerators that had been submitted to routine cleaning. Twenty establishments located in a shopping center from Porto Alegre were included in the study. In each establishment a Checklist for Good Practice for Food Services, provided by Resoltuion No. 78 published on January 28th 2009 (CEVS), was aplied, and three samples were collected at monthly intervals from the inner wall of the refrigerator on the day following the routine cleaning. The samples were evaluated by the Clean Trace system (3M) for the presence of Listeria sp., Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. The data resulting from application of the Checklist showed that 55% of establishments didn’t attained the minimum score (> 75%) to be classified satisfactory. From de samples taken on the refrigerator’s inner wall, 95% (57/60) demonstrated the presence of residual organic. Nevertheless, microbiological analyzes showed absence of Listeria sp., and isolation of Total Coliforms and E. coli in 8.3% and 1.6% of the samples, respectively. There was no association between the classification of the establishment (satisfactory / unsatisfactory) and the presence of residual organic matter or total coliform in the refrigerator. The results demonstrate the need for constant review and monitoring and improvement of sanitizing procedures of equipment in food service.

The goal with this project was to develop a graphic template for a new magazine about running, STARK Löpning. Besides the looks of the graphic elements, sections in the magazine would be developed. Finally, a discussion is made about how the magazine can be remade into an electronic format. Content analyses has been made regarding magazines with both a main and a specific orientation, to review the graphic relationship between them. A content  analysis regarding a competing magazine about running was also made. An unstructured interview was done with Art Director Petrus Iggström, to find out his way of working when he creates new graphic templates for magazines. The discussion concerning the electronic format was done based on previous research in the subject. The graphic relationship between main and specific magazines turned out to not be significant, they had few similarities. It was often showed that elements regarding the magazine s’identity had been changed, for example text fonts. This could be because the specific magazines are sighted towards a different target audience than the main magazine, and therefor wants an identity of its own. It’s an easy process to remake the magazines STARK Magasin and STARK Löpning into an electronic format, but none of the services that were looked closely upon in this essay were fitting for both passive and active readers. Nor did the services have a good enough browsing feature. For example, if the reader wants to read an article that was advertised on the cover page, it was not possible to go directly to the article from the cover.

FN har tagit fram regler kring främjandet av rättigheterna för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Detta innebär att allmänna platser och utemiljöer ska vara tillgängliga och användbara för alla. Målet med detta examensarbete är att ta fram typlösningar som är anpassade för personer med nedsatt orienteringsförmåga, med fokus på synnedsättning. Den geografiska avgränsningen är Östra Sjukhuset i Göteborg, men resultatets lösningar skall även vara applicerbara på andra allmänna utemiljöer. Lagar och rekommendationer har jämförts med brukarnas subjektiva upplevelser av utemiljöer för att se om eventuella glapp uppkommer. Av platsobservationerna och studier av lagar och bestämmelser kan det konstateras att strängare krav måste ställas vad gäller tillgänglighet. Att skapa en fungerande tillgänglig och användbar miljö kräver dock inte enbart att regler efterföljs, även kunskap om verklig behov och hur lösningar fungerar i praktiken har en betydande roll.