Several theoretical risk models were proposed previously regarding the prediction of child maltreatment. Although child maltreatment was predicted individually in these models by such variables as parent temperament, emotional and behavioral regulation, stress, coping, and child temperament, these variables were not yet examined collectively. As such, a new transactional theory was proposed for the current study. As part of this study, a national community sample of 158 culturally diverse mothers of young children who were between the ages of 1½- to 5-years rated their own temperament, emotional and behavioral regulation abilities, parenting stress, daily hassles, and coping behaviors as well as their young children's temperament. Correlational analyses demonstrated many significant relationships among the variables of interest. In addition, hierarchical regression analyses suggested that several parent (i.e., mother mood quality, mother flexibility/rigidity, emotion dysregulation, parenting stress, cumulated severity of stress, and emotion-focused coping) and child characteristics (i.e., young child mood quality) added unique incremental variance to the prediction of child maltreatment potential. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that mothers' emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between mothers' flexibility/rigidity and child maltreatment potential. Overall, this study contributed information regarding the importance of emotion dysregulation as a mechanism through which difficult mother temperament may be related to increased child maltreatment potential. Accordingly, these findings suggested that emotion regulation skills may serve as a potential point of intervention for mothers who are at increased risk for child maltreatment due to difficult temperament characteristics.

Recent gains in understanding the effects of childhood maltreatment on the development of the brain and nervous system, combined with the revelation that nearly all psychiatric neuroimaging studies have had an unrecognized confound in childhood maltreatment, imply the possibility that psychotherapy treatment effectiveness studies have been similarly confounded by childhood maltreatment. This study examines whether treatment-seeking adults exposed to childhood maltreatment respond differently to psychotherapy than do individuals who report no history of childhood maltreatment. Response to therapy is conceptualized in this study as reduction in symptom measures pre- and post- treatment, as well as client dropout. It is hypothesized that people with a history of childhood maltreatment experience psychotherapy differently, may experience differences in symptom reduction and be more likely to drop out of treatment, than people with no history of childhood maltreatment. The current study examines psychotherapy effectiveness in symptom reduction and dropout rates of clients who experienced childhood maltreatment as compared to those with no history of childhood maltreatment.

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Bakgrund: En viktig uppgift för sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovården är att stödja och följa upp barn mellan 0–5 år gällande hälsa, utveckling och uppväxtmiljö. Barnhälsovården ska förebygga ohälsa hos barn och tidigt uppmärksamma förekomst av problem och sätta in åtgärder för dessa, samt att ge stöd vid förekomst av våld i familjer. Ingen sammanställd forskning kunde hittas om sjuksköterskans stöd inom barnhälsa åt små barn som far illa. Syfte: Att belysa erfarenheter hos sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsa av att ge stöd åt små barn som far illa. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på 16 originalartiklar med kvalitativ design. Resultat: Fyra tematiska kategorier och tolv subkategorier framkom om hur stöd kan ges till familjer där barn far illa eller riskerar att fara illa. Sjuksköterskor ansåg att stöd åt barn som far illa behövde ske genom att arbeta familjecentrerat, med barnets bästa i fokus. Sjuksköterskor arbetade förebyggande genom att tidigt identifiera riskfaktorer. Vid orosanmälan behövdes öppenhet med vårdnadshavarna och det eftersträvades att inte förlora relationen med vårdnadshavarna, vilket potentiellt kunde vara skadligt för barnet. Slutsats: Flera aspekter är av vikt för att kunna ge det bästa stödet åt barn som far illa. Familjecentrerat förhållningssätt, förebyggande arbete, förståelse för barnet och fokus på dess fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsa, samt interprofessionellt samarbete och stöd från kollegor är alla viktiga för att kunna ge det bästa stödet. Sjuksköterskorna upplever lite kontroll över situationen efter en anmälan, och att det påverkar arbetet med familjerna. / Background: An important task for nurses in child health care is to support and follow up children between the ages of 0-5 in terms of health, development and growth environment. Child health care should prevent ill health in children and identify the occurrence of problems at an early stage and take measures for them, as well as provide support in the event of violence in families. No compiled research could be found on the nurse's support in child health for young children who are abused. Purpose: To illustrate the experiences of nurses in child health of providing support to young children who are being abused. Method: A general literature review based on 16 original articles with qualitative design.Results: Four thematic categories and twelve subcategories emerged on how support can be given to families where children are abused or at risk of being harmed. Nurses felt that support for children who are abused needed to be done by working family-centered, with the child's best interests in focus. Nurses worked preventively by identifying risk factors at an early stage. When reporting concerns, transparency with the guardians was needed and the aim was not to lose the relationship with the guardians, which could potentially be harmful to the child. Conclusion: Several aspects are important in order to provide the best support for children who are being abused. A family-centred approach, preventive work, understanding of the child and a focus on their physical, mental and social health, as well as interprofessional collaboration and support from colleagues are all important to be able to provide the best support. The nurses experience little control over the situation after a report, and that it affects the work with the families.

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