Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4035.pdf: 3387369 bytes, checksum: 4470ddf3972f1d3664754fc285c4cfd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-14 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The influence and status that the purchasing function has gained in manufacturing companies are not reflected in the literature related to aircraft manufacturers. There are few studies that adopt, in this environment, the analysis of the purchasing function as the central theme of research. Particularly, there is a lack of studies on the challenges and problems it faces. In order to provide a contribution to this theme, an exploratory case study (single) in an aircraft manufacturer (Embraer) has been carried out aiming to identify the challenges and problems generated in its purchasing function due to the influence of the supply chain, the product (aircraft) and the dynamic environment in which the aerospace industry operates, and to analyze how they should be faced, considering the Supply Chain Management (SCM) approach and the supply chain flexibility concept. The following challenges and problems were identified: changes in customer purchase orders and in the aircraft manufacturer production plan; risks of harmed relationships with suppliers and lack of suppliers confidence on demand information; product changes; customization; late configuration; geographical dispersion and physical distance from suppliers; material acquisition lead-times; increase in production rate; disputes among customers for suppliers limited resources; bargaining power of suppliers; some potential sources of material shortage. The strategies to face them were defined based on the SCM elements (supply chain overall operational efficiency, process integration, information sharing, strategic alignment, and relationship among companies) and the supply chain flexibility dimensions (organizational, supply, market, logistics, information systems, and operations). The results reveal the importance of SCM and supply chain flexibility for the purchasing function and, by extension, for an aircraft manufacturer and the aerospace industry. They also show that SCM and supply chain flexibility can be used in a complementary and convergent way. Although the purchasing function stands at a privileged position regarding the potential of influence over business competitiveness, in the case of an aircraft manufacturer that position is also very challenging. As the aircraft manufacturers are driving their focus to some specific competencies, the challenges and problems analyzed in this research drive the purchasing function to prioritize competences related to the design and management of the supply chain. / A influência e o status que a função compras vem conquistando nas empresas de manufatura não se refletem na literatura relacionada aos fabricantes de avião: há poucos trabalhos que adotam, neste ambiente, a análise da função compras como tema central de estudo. Particularmente, faltam trabalhos sobre os desafios e problemas que ela enfrenta. Visando oferecer uma contribuição a este tema, foi realizado um estudo de caso (único) exploratório em um fabricante de avião (Embraer) com o objetivo de identificar os desafios e problemas gerados em sua função compras devido à influência da cadeia de suprimentos, do produto (o avião) e do ambiente dinâmico em que a indústria aeronáutica está inserida, bem como analisar como eles podem ser enfrentados, considerando as perspectivas da abordagem da Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GCS) e do conceito de flexibilidade em cadeias de suprimentos. Os seguintes desafios e problemas foram identificados: alterações nos pedidos de compra dos clientes e no plano de produção do fabricante de avião; riscos de desgaste do relacionamento com os fornecedores e falta de confiança dos fornecedores na informação sobre a demanda; modificações de produto; customização; configuração tardia; dispersão geográfica e distância física dos fornecedores; lead-time de aquisição dos itens comprados; aumento da cadência produtiva; disputas entre os clientes pelos recursos limitados dos fornecedores; poder de barganha dos fornecedores; algumas fontes potenciais de risco de falta de material. As estratégias para enfrentá-los foram definidas com base nos elementos da GCS (compartilhamento de informação, alinhamento estratégico, integração de processo, eficiência operacional global da cadeia e relacionamento entre as empresas) e nas dimensões da flexibilidade em cadeias de suprimentos (organizacional, de fornecimento, de mercado, logística, dos sistemas de informação e de operação). Os resultados revelam a importância da GCS e da flexibilidade em cadeias de suprimentos para a função compras e, por extensão, para um fabricante de avião e a indústria aeronáutica. Eles também mostram que a GCS e a flexibilidade podem ser utilizadas de forma complementar e convergente. Embora a função compras ocupe uma posição privilegiada quanto ao potencial de influência na competitividade das empresas, no caso de um fabricante de avião esta posição também é bastante desafiadora. Assim como os fabricantes de avião estão direcionando o seu foco para algumas competências específicas, os desafios e problemas analisados direcionam a função compras para a priorização de competências relacionadas ao projeto e à gestão da cadeia.

This diploma thesis deals with corporate identity of a tractor manufacturer. For this purpose fictive company called Haart was created. The endeavour of this corporate identity is to make an image of a reliable company which specialises in the production of high-quality agricultural machines. This is accomplished by an orange-grey colour scheme where orange stands for living (agricultural production) and grey refers to lifeless (tractor is a machine). The final corporate identity is presented next to company stationery, merchandise, orientation graphics and web page also on the tractor designed within the pre-diploma project. For advertising graphics needs typeface Haart was created. Part of this diploma project is also the creation of a design manual. It describes all elements of Haart‘s corporate identity.

The automotive industry is in a period of significant change with different emerging technologies trying to impact the industry. It is in a time where the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, opens up opportunities for OEMs to improve their products and services with the help of transitioning towards Asset Performance Management (APM 4.0). This master thesis has identified various OEMs values with the help of the framework Value Mapping Tool to help the companies capitalize on these opportunities. The values were divided into the following subvalues; Value Captured, Value Missed, and Value Opportunities. OEMs have to adapt their existing business models with the help of business model innovation to improve the identification of values further and stay competitive or gain competitive advantages. Literature regarding the current state of the automotive industry and transitioning towards APM 4.0 has been combined with findings from six semi-structured interviews. The findings are based on interviews with employees with different positions from various automotive companies in Sweden. Furthermore, the findings and the literature have been compared to three benchmarking studies of similar research in Germany, China, and the USA to gain an overall view of the problem. The missed values are characterized by Complexity, Ambiguity, and Knowledge. Moreover, the values captured show that new business models are needed due to the market rapidly transforming but companies lacking knowledge on how to capture value. The complexity concerns the new complex technologies arriving as well as the high level of uncertainties rising with the introduction of APM 4.0. The ambiguities indicate the problems the automotive companies have with searching for information since they do not know what to expect. The knowledge refers to knowledge gained during the process of implementing APM 4.0 in order to identify valuable unexplored data. Nonetheless, the study also led to finding potential value opportunities despite the lack of knowledge and a high level of uncertainty. There are unexplored business models which can improve the manufacturing processes for the automotive companies. Project benchmarking has shown positive signs but still has not reached its full potential due to low amounts of tests. The study concludes that many clear obstacles hinder a successful implementation of APM 4.0 within the Swedish automotive industry. In order for the automotive companies to optimize the implementation, they have to capture value relevant to their business model. / Fordonsindustrin befinner sig i en period av tydliga ändringar då ny teknologi försöker göra sitt avtryck på industrin. Det är i en tid då den fjärde industriella revolutionen, Industry 4.0, öppnar upp möjligheter för OEM:s att förbättra deras produkter och tjänster med hjälp av skiftet mot ”Asset Performance Management (APM 4.0)”. Denna masters arbete har identifierat olika värden i OEM:s med hjälp av ramverket Value Mapping Tool för att stödja företag att ta vara på dessa möjligheter. Värdena blev uppdelade i följande delvärden; Värde Fångat, Värde Missat och Värde Möjligheter. OEM:s måste anpassa deras nuvarande affärsmodell med hjälp av affärsmodellsinnovation för att kunna förbättra identifieringen av värden ännu mer och för att förbli konkurrenskraftig eller tjäna konkurrensfördelar. Litteraturen angående det rådande läget av fordonsindustrin och skiftet mot APM 4.0 har kombinerats med resultatet från de sex semistrukturerade intervjuerna. Resultatet är baserade på intervjuer med anställda inom olika positioner från varierande fordonsföretag i Sverige. Vidare, har resultatet och litteraturen jämförts med tre riktmärknings studier av liknande forskning i Tyskland, Kina och USA för att kunna få en överblick av problemet. De missade värdena karaktäriseras av Komplexitet, Oklarhet och Kunskap. Vidare, visar de fångade värden att nya affärsmodeller krävs på grund av den snabbt ändrade marknaden i samband med den nya teknologin som kommer, men företag saknar kunskap av att veta hur de ska fånga denna värde. Komplexitet berör de nya komplexa teknologierna som kommer samt den höga nivå av osäkerhet som uppstår i samband med introduktionen av APM 4.0. Oklarhet syftar på de problem som fordonsföretag har med att hitta information eftersom de inte vet vad de ska förvänta sig. Kunskap hänvisar till kunskap erhållen under implementeringsprocessen av APM 4.0 för att identifiera värdefull outforskad data. Likväl, hittade studien också potentiella värde möjligheter trots bristen på kunskap och den höga nivån av osäkerhet. Det finns oupptäckta affärsmodeller som kan förbättra tillverkningsprocesserna för fordonsföretag. Riktmärkning projekten har visat positiva tecken men har fortfarande inte uppnått sin fulla potential på grund av det låga antalet tester. Studien drar slutsatsen att det finns många tydliga hinder för en lyckad implementering av APM 4.0 inom den svenska fordonsindustrin. För att dessa fordonsföretag ska optimera implementeringen måste de fånga värde som är relevant till deras affärsmodeller.

I detta examensarbete undersökes betydelsen av certifieringen för byggmaterial ute i byggbranschen. Studien har bedrivits på grund av bristen på information i hur certifieringen har påverkat byggbranschen. För att en producent skall kunna inneha certifiering för sin produkt krävs det att man genomgår en procedur som styrs av ett certifieringsorgan. Målet med att bli certifierade är en kvalitetsutveckling i material och producera mer hållbart och effektivt material. De som skapar direktiv och krav är EU och certifieringsorgan i Sverige som Nordcert erbjuder producenter denna certifiering vilket betyder att producentens produkt klarar EUs krav och innehar rätten att säljas inom EUs gränser. En kontakt med producenterna som upprätthölls var grund till denna studie. Kontakten skapade intervju med 19 producenter totalt och dessa intervjuer blev resultatet i denna studie. Frågeställningarna som besvarades lyder: · Har certifieringen bidragit till en effektivisering av material? · Har certifieringen bidragit till en kvalitetsutveckling i material? · Har certifieringen bidragit till förbättringar inom arbetsmiljön? · Finns det något samband mellan olika tidpunkter av certifieringen? Resultaten tyder till stor del att certifieringen har påverkat producenterna en hel del i och med vad den bidragit med. Det framstår att certifieringen följer ett samband i dess påverkan gentemot producenterna. Det framgår att certifiering är en lönsam process att genomgå för producenter då det gynnar dem i deras kvalitets-, arbetsmiljö- och effektivitetsutveckling. / In this thesis the impact of the certification for building materials in the construction industry is examined. The study has been conducted because of the lack of information on how the certification has made an impact on the construction industry. In order for a producer to be able to hold certification for his product, it is necessary to undergo a procedure that is controlled by a certification body. The goal of becoming certified is a quality development in materials and produce more sustainable and efficient materials. Those who create directives and requirements are EU and certification bodies in Sweden that Nordcert offers this certification to producers, which means that the producer's product meets the EU requirements and holds the right to be sold within the EU borders. A contact with the producers that was maintained was the basis for this study. The contact created interviews with 19 producers in total and these interviews were the result of this study. The questions that are answered read: • Has the certification contributed to improving the efficiency of materials? • Has the certification contributed to a quality development in materials? • Has the certification contributed to improvements in the work environment? • Is there any connection between different times lengths of the certification? The results largely indicate that the certification has affected the producers a great deal in terms of what it has contributed to. It appears that the certification follows a correlation with its impact on the producers. It is clear that a certification is a profitable process to go through for producers as it benefits them in their quality, efficiency and work enviromental develompent.

Marketing is an essential part of the overall organization when it comes to introducing a company’s new offerings to the market. Therefore, customers need to be informed and aware of the company’s entire portfolio to be able to make correct decisions that benefit them. From a company’s perspective, an extended portfolio provides opportunities to explore new markets and improve the scope of its operations. The growing demand of additional services enables development of a more service-oriented business with value-added-sales for the industry. Consequently, the importance of finding an appropriate marketing strategy that promotes communication and long-term relationships with customers is relevant. Value-added-sales may be introduced to a greater extent, in order to maintain competitiveness among others. The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how marketing affects steelmaking companies to provide and inform customers with value-added-sales. Opportunities and challenges have been identified from employees’ point of view concerning the process of introducing value-added-sales, to later mitigate them with support factors to promote favorable marketing. To fulfill the research purpose, a case company was used, which is an official global steel company that traditionally provides product-based services based in Sweden, however, now focusing on extending their portfolio with value-added-sales, e.g. with supplementary services. The thesis has a qualitative approach by including internal interviews with the case company’s employees, as well as employees from an additional company that has a strong connection to the case company. Furthermore, a literature study was conducted to analyze existing theories in the research field to obtain suitable results. The results have emphasized the importance of education and training as well as decent relationship with the customers. The main findings contributed to factors concerning challenges with providing value-added-sales, which aimed to be mitigated: Cost-focused customers, Time-consuming, Internal knowledge, Outperform the customers, Internal support, and Sales focus. Accordingly, appropriate support factors were proposed to promote marketing of selling value-added-services. / Marknadsföringen utgör en viktig del i den övergripande organisationen när det gäller att introducera ett företagets nya erbjudanden på marknaden. Därför måste kunderna informeras och vara medvetna om företagets hela portfölj för att kunna fatta korrekta beslut som gynnar dem. Ur ett företags perspektiv, ger en utökad portfölj möjligheter att utforska nya marknader och förbättra företagets omfattning. Den växande efterfrågan på ytterligare tjänster möjliggör utveckling av en mer serviceinriktad verksamhet med mervärdesförsäljning för branschen. Således är det av vikt att hitta en lämplig marknadsföringsstrategi som främjar kommunikation och långsiktiga relationer med företagets kunder. Mervärdesförsäljning kan införas i större utsträckning för att upprätthålla konkurrenskraften på marknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur marknadsföring påverkar stålindustriföretag för att förse och informera företagets kunder med mervärdesförsäljning. Utmaningar och möjligheter har identifierats ur medarbetarnas perspektiv när det gäller att införa mervärdesförsäljning, för att senare mildra dem med stödfaktorer för att främja en gynnsam marknadsföring. För att uppfylla forskningsändamålet användes ett fallföretag, som är ett officiellt globalt stålföretag i Sverige, men som nu fokuserar på att utöka sin portfölj mervärdesförsäljning, t.ex. med kompletterande tjänster. Avhandlingen har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt genom att inkludera interna intervjuer med fallföretagets anställda, samt anställda från ett ytterligare företag som har en stark koppling till fallföretaget. Vidare genomfördes en litteraturstudie för att analysera befintliga teorier inom forskningsområdet för att erhålla lämpliga resultat. Resultaten har betonat vikten av utbildning och anständigt förhållande till kunderna. De viktigaste fynden bidrog till faktorer som rör utmaningar med att tillhandahålla mervärdesförsäljning, som syftade till att mildras: Kostnadsfokuserade kunder, Tidskrävande, Intern kunskap, Överträffa kunderna, Internt stöd, och Försäljningsfokus. Följaktligen föreslogs lämpliga stödfaktorer för att främja marknadsföring av försäljning av mervärdestjänster.

There are many optimistic and pessimistic views on integrated quality management systems based on international standards. Many businesses have not benefited in terms of operational, quality or business performance, while many others have indicated that the implementation of integrated quality management systems based on an international system standard or other standards has led to improved operational performance and quality, which in turn has resulted in improved business results. The main research problem is therefore to identify the effect of an IQMS on a fishing company and, secondly, to determine whether such a system is compatible with the fishing industry as a whole. By addressing these questions, a perception of the value of an IQMS for the fishing company under study was be obtained. The main research question was: “What is the effect of an integrated quality management system on a leading fish product manufacturer Different research approaches were used to determining the value of such an IQMS in a leading fish product manufacture. The study confirmed that the IQMS has a positive effect on the fish product manufacturer. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / This thesis represents a cross Systems Command (NAVSEA/NAVAIR) developed product. The product - the Sunset Supply Base (SSB) system - provides a complete system for addressing the risks and supportability issues involved with Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) products in Navy combat and support systems. The SSB system was implemented on three Navy combat weapon systems at various phases of the product development life cycle. The main body provides to the Program Management Offices (PMO) and other decision makers, a high level summary of performance expectations. Appendix A - The Sunset Supply Base Architecture - identifies at a high level of abstraction a collaborative architecture providing a roadmap for design and development of the SSB system. Appendix B - The Systems Engineering Development and Implementation (SEDI) plan - is a prescriptive or "How to" manual describing activities that have been used to successfully implement the SSB system. Appendix C - Business Case Analysis (BCA) - presents the data collected as a result of SEDI plan implementation then addresses the business/programmatic attributes showing the viability and value proposition possible through the SSB system. Appendix D - The Marketing Plan for the SSB system - defines methods and practices necessary to establish the SSB system as the alternative of choice. / Chemical Engineer, United States Navy / Systems Engineer, United States Navy

Responsabilité du fait du produit c’est le nom, donné à un domaine de droit concernant la responsabilité des personnes qui s’occupent à fabriquer et vendre ou distribuer par d’autres moyens des produits pour les différents sorts des dommages causés aux consommateurs et même aux tierces personnes par les défauts de sécurité de ces produits. Cette responsabilité est une responsabilité sans faute qui va au-delà distinction traditionnelle entre la responsabilité contractuelle ou extra-contractuelle. Il existe différents modèles de la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux dans le monde. Parmi eux le droit américain et le droit européen de la responsabilité du fait des produits sont particulièrement significatifs. Aux Etats-Unis la section 402A de la seconde restatement of torts déterminait le régime de la responsabilité du fait des produits. En 1998 l’institut de droit américain a publié la troisième restatement of torts sous le nom de la responsabilité du fait des produits, ce qui est censé de remplacer la section 402A de la seconde restatement of torts. En Europe, la directive communautaire numéro (85/374/CEE) du conseil du 25 juillet 1985 relative au rapprochement des dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives des États membres en matière de responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux constitue le droit spécial des états membres en matière de la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux. Cette directive a été transposée en droit français par la loi du 19 mai 1998 sous la forme des articles 1386-1 à 1386-18 du code civil français. La faute constitue la seule base légale de la responsabilité civile des vendeurs et des fabricants des produits défectueux en droit iranien. Pour résoudre les conflits de lois et des juridictions qui résultent de l’exportation de produits au niveau international on peut mettre œuvre les conventions et les règlements internationales qui ont été élaborées en la matière ainsi que le droit commun des conflits des lois et des juridictions des pays. / Products liability is the name of a field of law concerning the liability of persons who are engaged in the business of selling or otherwise distributing products who sell or distribute a defective product for harm to persons or property caused by the defect. They are strictly liable. Their liability is a kind of liability which goes beyond the traditional distinction between the contractual and tortious liability. The United-States of America and European Union have the most developed products liability laws in the world. In the United-States the American Law Institute memorialized precedential rule of strict products liability in tort in §402A of the Second Restatement of Torts, and officially promulgated it in 1965. In 1992, the American Law Institute began working on a new Restatement (Third) of Torts on the specific topic of products liability law, approving the new Restatement in 1997 and publishing it in 1998 as The Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability. In Europe, Council Directive of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products (85/374/EEC) constitutes specific law of products liability of European Union member states. This directive has been transposed in French law by 19 May 1998 act and formed articles 1386-1 to 1386-18 of civil code. Fault is the only legal basis of Iranian products liability law. For solving conflicts of laws and jurisdictions which arise from international trade of products and determining the applicable law and competent jurisdiction we can implement international conventions and regulations which have been elaborated on this subject as well as traditional rules of conflicts of laws and jurisdictions of the countries.

There are many optimistic and pessimistic views on integrated quality management systems based on international standards. Many businesses have not benefited in terms of operational, quality or business performance, while many others have indicated that the implementation of integrated quality management systems based on an international system standard or other standards has led to improved operational performance and quality, which in turn has resulted in improved business results. The main research problem is therefore to identify the effect of an IQMS on a fishing company and, secondly, to determine whether such a system is compatible with the fishing industry as a whole. By addressing these questions, a perception of the value of an IQMS for the fishing company under study was be obtained. The main research question was: “What is the effect of an integrated quality management system on a leading fish product manufacturer Different research approaches were used to determining the value of such an IQMS in a leading fish product manufacture. The study confirmed that the IQMS has a positive effect on the fish product manufacturer. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

No description available.