During the last decades, the U.S. wood products (NAICS 321) and furniture manufacturing (NAICS 337) industries have been greatly affected by economic cycles, rising production and transportation costs, changing buyer habits, and, arguably, most powerfully, increasing global competition. As a result, tens of thousands of jobs were lost and a large number of companies in the industry experienced bankruptcy, closed operations, or relocated to other countries. However, theories exist stating that the use of management systems, such as, for example, Lean management, allows companies to become more competitive and enhance the likelihood of survival. A mail survey was conducted to investigate companies in Virginia's wood products and furniture manufacturing industries as to their awareness of Lean management, the implementation of Lean practices, as well as the companies' need for support in Lean implementation efforts. Findings indicate that a majority of Virginia's wood products and furniture manufacturing industries have heard about terms like, for example, Lean management, Lean manufacturing, or Lean thinking, but are rarely aware of individual Lean elements of which Lean consists. Few businesses thus have implemented Lean. However, findings show that Lean awareness and Lean implementation status differs between individual industry sub-segments. The group of industry segments with the highest Lean awareness and Lean implementation status were "engineered wood products," "manufactured homes," and "household furniture manufacturing," as opposed to industry sub-segments such as "sawmill" and "wood container and pallets," which had lower Lean awareness and Lean implementation status. The study also revealed that smaller companies (less than 50 employees) have a lower level of Lean awareness and implementation status than do larger companies (50-499 employees). Despite the low level of Lean implementation across the wood products and furniture manufacturing industry in Virginia, less than one-fourth of all respondents indicated a need for Lean implementation support. / Master of Science

台灣在邁向工業化時期的產業成就，一直被譽為經濟奇蹟；其中，許多製造業者扮演了舉足輕重的角色。然而，隨著近年來的金融風暴以及長期的經濟不景氣，我國製造業面臨的市場環境日趨艱難；當人力成本、土地廠房支出日益高漲時，企業原先的生產銷售網絡遭到破壞，迫使著許多企業面臨到轉型的問題， 另一方面，隨著日本、韓國以及中國大陸等鄰近國家，藉由強勢的品牌或是低廉的成本，逐漸侵蝕台灣過去作為全球製造業中心的龐大市場，使得全球投資者的重心因此而轉移。此一情況，更讓長期仰賴資通訊與消費性電子產品的製造代工作為經濟命脈的台灣，受到前所未有的衝擊。 對於傳統製造業者來說，如何在這樣艱難的環境中，繼續維持長期的獲利能力，是相當嚴峻的考驗。因此，為了改善經營效率進而提升獲利能力，業者勢必得從企業內部進行組織重整與轉型，藉以創造企業未來永續發展的機會。 因此，本研究經由觀察個案公司推動企業轉型的實務經驗為出發點，提出建立『當責式管理』制度以及企業『執行力』的強化，作為台灣當前製造業轉型成長的重要元素。本研究內容將聚焦在以下三個問題，並以個案研究的方式，分析與歸納台灣製造業者在面臨企業轉型過程中的成功關鍵： 1.個案公司的轉型策略為何？ 2.如何落實當責管理的觀念於組織各層級之中？ 3.提昇企業執行力的關鍵為何？ / It was an economic miracle for Taiwan when it became an industrialized country. At that time, manufacturing industry played a very important role in the economic growth of Taiwan. However, financial crisis and depression at recent years make industrial much more hard. When cost of employment and factory keep rising, original networks of production and sale have been destroyed, and many enterprise facing the challenge of transformation. On the other hand, Japan, Korea and China start using their brand or lower cost to erode former market of Taiwan, and global investments also keep moving to these countries. As the main producers of ICT products and consumer electronics in the world, Taiwanese manufacturing enterprises face the serious strike. For traditional manufacturing enterprises, it's really severe to hold on the profitability in the pass. In order to improve the operation and profitability, Taiwanese manufacturing enterprises have no choice but to carry out enterprise transformation and corporation reorganization. Because of these situations, this paper will start from experience of enterprise transformation in case company. It will focus on how to build a management regime of “accountability”, and strengthening of enterprise’s “execution”. These two points above-mentioned are the essential factor for successful transformation of manufacturing enterprises in case company. Therefore, this paper will try to induce and verify the key factor of successful transformation for manufacturing enterprises through answering the three questions below: 1. What is the favorable strategy of enterprise transformation for case companies? 2. How to practice management regime of accountability in all levels of organization? 3. What are the key factors for enterprises to strengthen its execution?

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the market potential of producer services in Jönköping County. In relation to the main purpose, the idea is to examine which factors that have a positive impact on the development of a long run qualitative producer service industry in the region.</p><p>The favourable location of Jönköping County is one of the main factors for why the county has one of the highest densities of manufacturing firms in Sweden. Moreover, the region has comparative advantages in several products, for an example; wood, rubber, machinery and electronically goods. Earlier research and comparisons with other international manufacturing clusters indicates that these areas tend to contain highly developed producer service industries. The thesis gives a case example of how the beneficial, mutual interaction between the manufacturing and producer service industries works in the car industry in Germany. However, to be able to establish a successful and close relationship between the above mentioned industries, the theoretical framework distinguishes several important factors; for instance, education and infrastructure are assumed to be the two most vital ingredienses. Nonetheless, also the firms’ production milieu and technology affects the successful development of a cluster district. Furthermore,when relating the theoretical assumptions to the descriptive statistics, with the intention to elucidate the industrial structure of Jönköping County, one can differentiate three major producer service sectors, namely; “Transport and mail”, “Consulting, marketing, law” and finally “Rentals of premises, labour and machinery”. Nevertheless, several alarming observations can be noticed concerning the wage level, education intensity, productivity and gross profit percentage within the county’s producer service industry; where all these features are below the domestic average. Nevertheless, the empirical analysis indicates that the region has a varying, but yet a positive market potential in the majority of the county’s municipalities. With correct priorities, Jönköping County has good future prospects to reach a high competitive position, but to accomplish this; the education intensity has to be improved.</p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda om Jönköpings län besitter marknadspotential inom närindustriella tjänster. I relation till syftet är avsikten också att ta reda på vilka faktorer som kan underlätta utvecklingen av en långsiktig kvalitativ service industri i länet. Den fördelaktiga geografiska positionen är en av faktorerna till varför Jönköpings län har blivit ett av Sveriges industritätaste områden; där regionen har komparativa fördelar i trä, gummi, maskin och elektroniska produkter. Genom tidigare forskning och vid jämförelser med andra internationella tillverkningskluster hävdas det att det finns tydliga tecken på att dessa områden bör innerhålla starkt utvecklade centra för närindustriella tjänster. I uppsatsen nämns framförallt den tyska bilindustrin som ett exempel på hur nära samarbetet mellan tillverkning och service industrin kan bedrivas. För att kunna nå en nära samverkan mellan de nämnda industrierna så pekar teoridelen ut flera viktiga ståndpunkter, där bland annat utbildning och infrastruktur är av allra högsta vikt. Men även företagens produktionsmiljö och teknologi reflekterar hur ett framgångsrikt klusterområde utvecklas. När man därefter relaterar dessa utgångspunkter till den deskriptiva statistiken med syfte att klargöra Jönköpings läns industristruktur, kan man konstatera att den största industritjänsten utgörs av transport och logistik. Därefter följer marknadsföring,redovisning och juridisk rådgivning, medan den tredje och sista tjänsten är uthyrning av lokaler, maskiner och personal. Dock påträffas flera oroväckande iakttagelser gällande lönenivåer, utbildningsintensitet, produktivitet och bruttovinstandelar inom produktionstjänster i länet, då samtliga faktorer hamnar under riksgenomsnittet. Vidare indikerar de empiriska resultaten och analysen på att det finns en varierande men positiv marknadspotential i majoriteten av länets kommuner. Med rätta prioriteringar så finns det således goda framtidsutsikter för att regionen skall kunna skaffa sig en hög konkurrenskraft i framtiden. Men då krävs det framförallt en högre utbildningsgrad bland den arbetsföra befolkningen i länet.</p>

Este trabalho investiga a eficiência produtiva dos setores industriais nas regiões brasileiras. Para isso, utiliza um painel de dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual do IBGE para o período de 2000 a 2006, desagregado por mesorregiões, setores da indústria de transformação e por setores de intensidade tecnológica. São estimados modelos de fronteira de produção estocástica para obtenção das estimativas das eficiências produtivas regionais e setoriais. Esses indicadores de eficiência são então analisados com base na literatura de economia espacial e das Cadeias Espaciais de Markov, que visam investigar o efeito da boa e da má vizinhança. Os resultados indicam que as mesorregiões mais eficientes tendem a localizar-se na faixa litorânea do Brasil, mas, na medida em que tratamos de setores mais básicos da economia, há maior dispersão da alta eficiência pelo espaço brasileiro. Além disso, percebe-se um deslocamento, ao longo do tempo, de altos índices de eficiência para as mesorregiões do Centro-Oeste. Em relação à eficiência setorial, observou-se que, em geral, os setores menos intensivos em tecnologia são menos eficientes: constatou-se que o setor de Alta Intensidade Tecnológica é 11% mais eficiente do que o setor de Baixa Intensidade. Os resultados das análises da influência das economias espaciais sobre a eficiência produtiva indicam que a vizinhança afeta o desempenho competitivo da região, constatando-se que o efeito da boa vizinhança em estimular o aumento da eficiência é maior do que o efeito da má vizinhança em retraí-la. Além disso, concluiu-se que as economias espaciais influenciam a eficiência produtiva regional. Em geral, as economias de aglomeração têm influência positiva sobre a eficiência, enquanto que, em relação às economias de urbanização, encontramos a predominância dos efeitos de congestionamento. As economias de localização apresentaram um efeito forte e positivo sobre a eficiência das atividades industriais das mesorregiões, indicando que regiões mais especializadas mostraram-se mais eficientes. / This thesis investigates the productive efficiency of the industrial sectors in Brazilian regions. It uses a panel data set from Pesquisa Industrial Anual of IBGE during 2000 to 2006, disaggregated by mesoregions, industrial manufacturing sectors and by technological intensity sectors. It estimates stochastic frontiers of production to obtain regional and sectorial productive efficiency indicators. These efficiency indicators are analyzed based on the spatial economy literature and on Spatial Markov Chains, which investigate the effect of good and bad neighborhoods. The results indicate that the most efficient mesoregions tend to be located on the coast of Brazil, but, as we deal with more basic sectors of the economy, there is a larger dispersion of high efficiency on Brazilian space. Furthermore, we realize, as the time passes, an increasing motion of high efficiency levels to mesoregions of the Center-West. Considering the sectorial efficiency, we observed that, in general, the less technological intensive sectors are less efficient: we verify that the High Technological Intensity sector is 11% more efficient than the Low Intensity sector. The results from analyzing the influence of the spatial economies on the productive efficiency indicate that the neighborhood affects the competitive performance of the region; verifying that the effect of a good neighborhood in stimulating the enhance of the efficiency is higher than the effect of the bad neighborhood on contracting it. We also concluded that the spatial economies influence the regional productive efficiency. In general, the agglomeration economies have positive influence on efficiency, but considering the urbanization economies, the congestion effect predominates. The localization economies present a strong and positive effect on the efficiency of industrial activities of the mesoregions, indicating that more specialized regions are seen as more efficient.

Hårdare kundkrav, utveckling av informations- och kommunikationsteknologi, samt ökad miljömedvetenhet driver tillverkande företag att tjänsteorientera verksamheten och strategier. Istället för att enbart leverera fysiska produkter strävar företag att utveckla bredare och konkurrenskraftiga erbjudanden. En strategi för att hantera hårdare omvärldskrav är utveckling av funktionsförsäljning som också är förknippat med begrepp som dematerialisering och service innovation.Funktionsförsäljning bygger på idén att företaget, genom att sälja funktioner, bestående av produkter, tjänster, information och kompetens, kanöka kundvärdet, öka företagets konkurrenskraft och skapa förutsättningar för miljöanpassade cirkulära produktionssystem. Det är en strategi som syftar till att förbättra såväl företagets externa som interna effektivitet. Forskare och praktiker har uppmärksammat den logiska grunden för funktionsförsäljning som affärs- och miljöstrategi. Få har emellertidstuderat vilka hinder som är förknippade med utveckling av denna strategi i produktorienterade företag i praktiken. Denna avhandling behandlar både logiken och de strukturella hinder som är förknippade med utveckling och implementering av funktionsförsäljning i produktorienterade företag.Dessutom uppmärksammas vilka stödjande strukturer som är nödvändiga för att strategin skall kunna realiseras. Avhandlingen vänder sig såväl tillakademiker som praktiker intresserade av affärsutveckling och affärs- och miljöstrategisk förändring och syftar i grunden till att skapa ökadförståelse för förnyelse och utveckling i företag och organisationer. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the market potential of producer services in Jönköping County. In relation to the main purpose, the idea is to examine which factors that have a positive impact on the development of a long run qualitative producer service industry in the region. The favourable location of Jönköping County is one of the main factors for why the county has one of the highest densities of manufacturing firms in Sweden. Moreover, the region has comparative advantages in several products, for an example; wood, rubber, machinery and electronically goods. Earlier research and comparisons with other international manufacturing clusters indicates that these areas tend to contain highly developed producer service industries. The thesis gives a case example of how the beneficial, mutual interaction between the manufacturing and producer service industries works in the car industry in Germany. However, to be able to establish a successful and close relationship between the above mentioned industries, the theoretical framework distinguishes several important factors; for instance, education and infrastructure are assumed to be the two most vital ingredienses. Nonetheless, also the firms’ production milieu and technology affects the successful development of a cluster district. Furthermore,when relating the theoretical assumptions to the descriptive statistics, with the intention to elucidate the industrial structure of Jönköping County, one can differentiate three major producer service sectors, namely; “Transport and mail”, “Consulting, marketing, law” and finally “Rentals of premises, labour and machinery”. Nevertheless, several alarming observations can be noticed concerning the wage level, education intensity, productivity and gross profit percentage within the county’s producer service industry; where all these features are below the domestic average. Nevertheless, the empirical analysis indicates that the region has a varying, but yet a positive market potential in the majority of the county’s municipalities. With correct priorities, Jönköping County has good future prospects to reach a high competitive position, but to accomplish this; the education intensity has to be improved. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda om Jönköpings län besitter marknadspotential inom närindustriella tjänster. I relation till syftet är avsikten också att ta reda på vilka faktorer som kan underlätta utvecklingen av en långsiktig kvalitativ service industri i länet. Den fördelaktiga geografiska positionen är en av faktorerna till varför Jönköpings län har blivit ett av Sveriges industritätaste områden; där regionen har komparativa fördelar i trä, gummi, maskin och elektroniska produkter. Genom tidigare forskning och vid jämförelser med andra internationella tillverkningskluster hävdas det att det finns tydliga tecken på att dessa områden bör innerhålla starkt utvecklade centra för närindustriella tjänster. I uppsatsen nämns framförallt den tyska bilindustrin som ett exempel på hur nära samarbetet mellan tillverkning och service industrin kan bedrivas. För att kunna nå en nära samverkan mellan de nämnda industrierna så pekar teoridelen ut flera viktiga ståndpunkter, där bland annat utbildning och infrastruktur är av allra högsta vikt. Men även företagens produktionsmiljö och teknologi reflekterar hur ett framgångsrikt klusterområde utvecklas. När man därefter relaterar dessa utgångspunkter till den deskriptiva statistiken med syfte att klargöra Jönköpings läns industristruktur, kan man konstatera att den största industritjänsten utgörs av transport och logistik. Därefter följer marknadsföring,redovisning och juridisk rådgivning, medan den tredje och sista tjänsten är uthyrning av lokaler, maskiner och personal. Dock påträffas flera oroväckande iakttagelser gällande lönenivåer, utbildningsintensitet, produktivitet och bruttovinstandelar inom produktionstjänster i länet, då samtliga faktorer hamnar under riksgenomsnittet. Vidare indikerar de empiriska resultaten och analysen på att det finns en varierande men positiv marknadspotential i majoriteten av länets kommuner. Med rätta prioriteringar så finns det således goda framtidsutsikter för att regionen skall kunna skaffa sig en hög konkurrenskraft i framtiden. Men då krävs det framförallt en högre utbildningsgrad bland den arbetsföra befolkningen i länet.

Examensarbete i Ekonomistyrning, 30hp, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet Titel: Kalkylutveckling i tillverkningsindustrin – en fallstudie hos HordaGruppen AB Under 1980-talet uppmärksammades kalkylmodellens roll som ekonomiskt styrverktyg. Denna uppmärksamhet ledde till omfattande studier av hur kalkylmodeller kunde utvecklas för att lättare klara av förändringar i företags inre och yttre förutsättningar. Kalkylmodellers utformning påverkas av ett stort antal faktorer som t.ex. strategi, kontext och användning. Därmed blev det intressant att detaljstudera ett enskilt fallföretag för att identifiera hur detta företag arbetar med sin kalkylmodell. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utveckla HordaGruppens kalkylmodell och anpassa denna efter förändringar i företagets verksamhet. Genom kartläggning och utvärdering av kalkylmodellen, företagets kalkylbehov samt kostnadsfördelning utifrån ett processorienterat perspektiv analyseras och utvecklas företagets kalkylmodell. Målsättningen är att nyttan för HordaGruppen av att använda kalkylmodellen som styrverktyg ska öka. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med fokus på detaljstudier av företagets flöden och processer. Huvudsakligen har ostrukturerade intervjuer och observationer legat till grund för materialet men även insamlad dokumentation som t.ex. information från affärssystemet, kalkylmodellen och organisationsscheman har använts. Den konceptuella referensramen som sammanställs ligger till grund för en analysmodell som beskriver hur empirin ska analyseras. Denna bygger på ett antal olika områden som sedan sammanfogas för att belysa de mer framträdande problemområdena i HordaGruppens kalkylmodell. Den genomförda studien visar ett antal problemområden med potential att förbättra den ekonomiska styrningen ur förändringssynpunkt. Uppsatsen identifierar ett stort behov av att hålla kalkylmodellens grunddata uppdaterad. Samtidigt föreslås förändrad kostnadsfördelning inom flera områden, bl.a. för direkta kvalitetskostnader och omkostnader för produktionsanläggningar. Slutligen föreslås utökad användning av kalkylmodellen som ett sätt att förbättra kalkylens roll som styrverktyg i en föränderlig verksamhet. / Thesis in Management Accounting 30hp, School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University Title: Cost model development within the manufacturing industry – a case study of HordaGruppen AB In the 1980s, a discussion regarding the role of cost modeling as a management accounting tool erupted. This attention led to extensive studies of how costing models were developed to better cope with changes in the company's internal and external conditions. Cost model design is influenced by numerous factors such as strategy, context and purpose. With this in mind, it became interesting to study a case company in detail to identify the usage of the cost model within the company.  The main purpose of this thesis is to develop the cost model currently used by HordaGruppen and adjust it to cope with changes in the company environment. Based on HordaGruppens processes and their cost model needs, suggestions for development of the company’s cost accounting tools are made. The goal of this development is that the usefulness of the cost model in HordaGruppens management accounting should increase.  The main method of research is a qualitative study focusing on detailed studies of the company's workflows and processes. Information has been gathered mainly through interviews and observations. Other sources of information such as the ERP system, organizational charts and the cost model itself have also been used.  The completed study shows potential areas of improvement for management accounting purposes. The main areas of improvement are linked to keeping the underlying data up to date and changes in cost estimation. Finally, to improve management accounting in a changing environment, additional purposes for the cost estimation model is suggested.

nÃo hà / Uma das grandes necessidades das empresas atualmente à o estabelecimento de uma sistemÃtica que permita a melhoria contÃnua dos produtos, aumento da produtividade e reduÃÃo de custos, no sentido de se manterem competitivas no mercado globalizado. Esses objetivos podem ser alcanÃados, por exemplo, pela GestÃo da Qualidade Total (GQT). Um aspecto importante a ser investigado nessa abordagem à a contribuiÃÃo que tÃm os fatores crÃticos de sucesso nos resultados da qualidade e na sua implantaÃÃo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho à aplicar um modelo de regressÃo linear mÃltipla na avaliaÃÃo do nÃvel de importÃncia dos fatores crÃticos da GQT na indÃstria de transformaÃÃo de portes mÃdio e grande sediadas no Estado do CearÃ. A base de dados vem dos estudos realizados por Alexandre (1999), Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) e Rodrigues (2010), ou seja, trata-se de uma pesquisa secundÃria. A metodologia de pesquisa para a coleta de dados, aplicada por estes autores, teve por base a realizaÃÃo de pesquisa quantitativa abrangendo esse universo em dois momentos (1999 e 2010), por meio de um questionÃrio estruturado com a utilizaÃÃo da escala de Likert em 5 categorias. No primeiro momento, a pesquisa realizada por Alexandre (1999) abrangeu o universo de 75 empresas e radiografou o estÃgio das prÃticas da GQT neste setor. Uma anÃlise comparativa com as prÃticas aplicadas em regiÃes desenvolvidas propÃs algumas intervenÃÃes na tentativa de auxiliar a aplicaÃÃo da GQT nas indÃstrias manufatureiras do estado do CearÃ. Os trabalhos seguintes, cujos dados foram levantados conjuntamente por Bosi (2010), que aplicou a Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI), para modelos dicotÃmicos, para o estudo da GQT e sua evoluÃÃo; Oliveira (2010), que aplicou o Modelo LogÃstico de Resposta Gradual da TRI e Rodrigues (2010a), que aplicou a AnÃlise Fatorial e Cluster para investigar os principais aspectos da evoluÃÃo da GQT nessas indÃstrias, estes abrangeram o universo de 91 empresas. Os questionÃrios aplicados foram semelhantes, contudo, foram inseridas, no questionÃrio de 2010, questÃes de GestÃo ambiental, GestÃo de SeguranÃa e Ãtica e Responsabilidade Social. Por meio do mÃtodo de seleÃÃo de variÃveis stepwise, sÃo selecionados fatores crÃticos de sucesso da GQT que apresentam maior impacto nos resultados da qualidade, e os coeficientes destes fatores correspondem aos seus pesos. Dentre outros resultados, este estudo revela que os fatores mudaram significativamente de 1999 para 2010, bem como seus nÃveis de importÃncia. Em 1999, apenas mensuraÃÃo da qualidade e metrologia foram listados como relevantes para os resultados da qualidade pelo modelo de regressÃo linear mÃltipla. Jà em 2010, apenas foco no consumidor, parceria com fornecedor, mensuraÃÃo da qualidade e gestÃo de seguranÃa foram listados como relevantes. Com relaÃÃo ao uso de programas de qualidade, o nÃmero de empresas que utilizam a GQT cresceu 50% neste perÃodo, e o nÃmero de empresas que utilizam ISO 9000 cresceu 156%, o que aponta para uma preocupaÃÃo importante das empresas para uso de programas de qualidade. / One of the major requirements of companies today is to establish a system that allows continuous improvement of products, increase productivity and reduce costs in order to keep them competitive in the global market. These goals can be achieved, for example, by Total Quality Management (TQM). An important point to be investigated with this approach is the contribution that critical success factors have in the quality results and in its implementation. In this context, the objective of this work is to apply a Multiple Linear Regression Model assessment in the importance level of TQM critical factors in manufacturing of medium and large based in the state of CearÃ. The database comes from studies by Alexander (1999), Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) and Roberts (2010), meaning that this work is a secondary search. The research methodology for data collection, applied by these authors, was based on the achievement of quantitative research covering this universe on two occasions (1999 and 2010), by a structured questionnaire using Likert scale in five categories. At first, the research conducted by Alexander (1999) covered the universe of 75 companies, Radiograph stage of TQM practices in this industry, a comparative analysis with the practices followed in developed regions, some interventions proposed in an attempt to assist the implementation of TQM in manufacturing industries in the state of CearÃ, the following works, whose data were collected by Bosi (2010), Oliveira (2010) and Rodrigues (2010), covered the universe of 91 companies. The questionnaires in 2010 were similar to those used in 1999, but were inserted questions about Environmental Management, Security Management and Ethics and Social Responsibility. Using the method of stepwise variable selection, we selected the critical success factors of TQM with the highest impact on quality results, whose regression coefficients correspond to their weights. Among other results, this study reveals that the factors changed significantly from 1999 to 2010 as well as their levels of importance. In 1999, only quality measurement and metrology are listed as relevant to quality results by multiple linear regression models. In 2010, only customer focuses, supplier partnership, measurements of quality and safety management were listed as relevant. Regarding to the use of quality programs, the number of companies using TQM grew 50% in 2010, and the number of companies using ISO 9000 grew 156%, which points to an important concern for companiesâ use of quality programs.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Edilson Gonçalves de Aguiais - 2013.pdf: 1092088 bytes, checksum: 17ed1418e4743c6af8c42894c26771cb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this study is to understand to what extent the phenomenon of structural heterogeneity existing in Goiás industrial economy has affected the structure of earnings and employment in the state of Goiás in the interregnum from 2000 to 2010 . The hypothesis put forward is that, in Goiás, the process of growth of industrial production and the number of companies has developed so as to increase productivity gap and labor income among different segments of the manufacturing industry in the period 2000-2010. To perform the proposed work goal, we used the technical resources of literature and documents and adopted the descriptive analytical method. The first analysis is a comparison between the structure of the transformation of Goiás and São Paulo industry and the results indicated a reduction in structural heterogeneity, both indicators of labor productivity as in the structure of earnings and employment. The second test checks the industrial conformation as the level of technology embodied in the production process. At this point, the segments of low technological intensity remained the largest share of the value added by the manufacturing industry, indicating that driving the dynamic axis of Goiás economy facing the external sector, deepening into a process of specialization in some technologically advanced segments. There, in this period, a process of reduction of intra-sectoral heterogeneity caused by the reduction in labor productivity in sectors with a higher share in the value added of the manufacturing industry and the structure of jobs. Finally, the third analysis captures the structural heterogeneity according to company size, demonstrating an important change since the micro ceases to be the main source of jobs in the Goiás’s manufacturing while indicating a process of increase in average incomes work in the 2000-2010 period. There is, therefore, in this period, an intense process of incorporating labor to the industrial structure, especially in large companies, consortiums to increase our level of average labor compensation, indicating a process of reducing the heterogeneity structure in the manufacturing industry state of Goiás. / O intuito deste trabalho é compreender em que medida o fenômeno da heterogeneidade estrutural existente na economia industrial goiana afetou a estrutura de rendimentos do trabalho e emprego do estado de Goiás no interregno 2000-2010. A hipótese defendida é que, em Goiás, o processo de crescimento da produção industrial e no número de empresas se desenvolveu de modo a ampliar hiato de produtividade e rendimento do trabalho entre os diferentes segmentos da indústria de transformação no período 2000-2010. Para a realização do objetivo proposto no trabalho, utilizaram-se dos recursos técnicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e adotou-se o método analítico descritivo. A primeira análise faz uma comparação entre a estrutura da indústria de transformação de Goiás e São Paulo sendo que os resultados indicaram uma redução na heterogeneidade estrutural, tanto nos indicadores de produtividade do trabalho quanto na estrutura de rendimentos do trabalho e emprego. A segunda análise verifica a conformação industrial conforme o nível de tecnologia incorporada ao processo produtivo. Nesse ponto, os segmentos de baixa intensidade tecnológica mantiveram a maior participação no valor adicionado pela indústria de transformação, indicando a condução do eixo dinâmico da economia goiana voltado para o setor externo, aprofundando-se em um processo de especialização em segmentos pouco avançados tecnologicamente. Há, neste período, um processo de redução da heterogeneidade intra-setorial provocada pela redução da produtividade do trabalho nos setores com maior participação no valor adicionado da indústria de transformação e na estrutura de empregos. Por fim, a terceira análise resgata a heterogeneidade estrutural de acordo com o porte das empresas, demonstrando uma importante mudança visto que a microempresa deixa de ser a principal fonte de empregos da manufatura goiana ao mesmo tempo em que indica um processo de aumento dos rendimentos médios do trabalho no período 2000-2010. Há, portanto, neste período, um intenso processo de incorporação de mão de obra à estrutura industrial goiana, principalmente nas grandes empresas, consorciada com ampliação do nível da remuneração média do trabalho, indicando um processo de redução da heterogeneidade estrutura na indústria de transformação do estado de Goiás.

Este trabalho investiga a eficiência produtiva dos setores industriais nas regiões brasileiras. Para isso, utiliza um painel de dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual do IBGE para o período de 2000 a 2006, desagregado por mesorregiões, setores da indústria de transformação e por setores de intensidade tecnológica. São estimados modelos de fronteira de produção estocástica para obtenção das estimativas das eficiências produtivas regionais e setoriais. Esses indicadores de eficiência são então analisados com base na literatura de economia espacial e das Cadeias Espaciais de Markov, que visam investigar o efeito da boa e da má vizinhança. Os resultados indicam que as mesorregiões mais eficientes tendem a localizar-se na faixa litorânea do Brasil, mas, na medida em que tratamos de setores mais básicos da economia, há maior dispersão da alta eficiência pelo espaço brasileiro. Além disso, percebe-se um deslocamento, ao longo do tempo, de altos índices de eficiência para as mesorregiões do Centro-Oeste. Em relação à eficiência setorial, observou-se que, em geral, os setores menos intensivos em tecnologia são menos eficientes: constatou-se que o setor de Alta Intensidade Tecnológica é 11% mais eficiente do que o setor de Baixa Intensidade. Os resultados das análises da influência das economias espaciais sobre a eficiência produtiva indicam que a vizinhança afeta o desempenho competitivo da região, constatando-se que o efeito da boa vizinhança em estimular o aumento da eficiência é maior do que o efeito da má vizinhança em retraí-la. Além disso, concluiu-se que as economias espaciais influenciam a eficiência produtiva regional. Em geral, as economias de aglomeração têm influência positiva sobre a eficiência, enquanto que, em relação às economias de urbanização, encontramos a predominância dos efeitos de congestionamento. As economias de localização apresentaram um efeito forte e positivo sobre a eficiência das atividades industriais das mesorregiões, indicando que regiões mais especializadas mostraram-se mais eficientes. / This thesis investigates the productive efficiency of the industrial sectors in Brazilian regions. It uses a panel data set from Pesquisa Industrial Anual of IBGE during 2000 to 2006, disaggregated by mesoregions, industrial manufacturing sectors and by technological intensity sectors. It estimates stochastic frontiers of production to obtain regional and sectorial productive efficiency indicators. These efficiency indicators are analyzed based on the spatial economy literature and on Spatial Markov Chains, which investigate the effect of good and bad neighborhoods. The results indicate that the most efficient mesoregions tend to be located on the coast of Brazil, but, as we deal with more basic sectors of the economy, there is a larger dispersion of high efficiency on Brazilian space. Furthermore, we realize, as the time passes, an increasing motion of high efficiency levels to mesoregions of the Center-West. Considering the sectorial efficiency, we observed that, in general, the less technological intensive sectors are less efficient: we verify that the High Technological Intensity sector is 11% more efficient than the Low Intensity sector. The results from analyzing the influence of the spatial economies on the productive efficiency indicate that the neighborhood affects the competitive performance of the region; verifying that the effect of a good neighborhood in stimulating the enhance of the efficiency is higher than the effect of the bad neighborhood on contracting it. We also concluded that the spatial economies influence the regional productive efficiency. In general, the agglomeration economies have positive influence on efficiency, but considering the urbanization economies, the congestion effect predominates. The localization economies present a strong and positive effect on the efficiency of industrial activities of the mesoregions, indicating that more specialized regions are seen as more efficient.