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The language policy of South Africa as laid down by the constitution and the marginalisation of Tshivenda08 August 2012 (has links)
M.A. / The most important thing in engaging myself in this research was to try and find out how Tshivenda is valued by the State, Private Enterprise, other language groups as well as by Vhavenda people themselves. The researcher came to a conclusion that Tshivenda is being marginalized. The Constitution of South Africa of 1996 is not being interpreted the way it should be. There is a need to put Tshivenda on an equal footing with the other ten official languages.
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Travessias solitárias: um estudo sobre as personagens de João Antônio e Caio Fernando Abreu / Lonely crossings: a study of the characters of João Antônio and Caio Fernando AbreuValenciano, Flavia Merighi 08 October 2010 (has links)
Os projetos literários de João Antônio e Caio Fernando Abreu complementam-se ao representarem, de diferentes maneiras, o indivíduo marginalizado nas grandes cidades, problematizando o contexto histórico e social de produção dos textos e priorizando o trabalho com a linguagem e a criação ficcional. Para uma melhor compreensão das obras desses dois escritores brasileiros, realizamos um estudo comparativo entre suas personagens, bem como uma reflexão sobre alguns de seus contos. Inicialmente, foram analisados dois textos que possuem como tema central a postura diante da escrita. São eles: o ensaio Corpo-a-corpo com a vida (1975), de João Antônio, e a Carta ao Zézim (1979), enviada por Caio Fernando Abreu a José Márcio Penido. Em seguida, o primeiro capítulo apresenta um estudo comparativo dos contos Galeria Alaska, de João Antônio, e Caçada, de Caio Fernando Abreu, narrativas que tratam de questões relacionadas ao homoerotismo. O segundo capítulo realiza uma comparação entre dois contos protagonizados por personagens femininas marginalizadas: Mariazinha tiro a esmo e Dama da noite, respectivamente de João Antônio e Caio Fernando Abreu. Por último, seguindo a mesma ordem de autoria, o terceiro capítulo analisa os contos Três cunhadas Natal 1960 e Creme de alface, os quais discutem a inserção social da classe média. / The literary projects of João Antônio and Caio Fernando Abreu complement each other, once they represent, in different ways, the outcast in big cities, bringing up for discussion the historical and social context of the texts and prioritizing their work with lanquage and ficcional creation. For a better comprehension of the works of these two Brazilian writers, a comparative study among their characters was conducted along with a reflection on some of their stories. At first, two texts were analysed in their central theme, which focuses on the posture before the act of writing: the essay Corpo-a-corpo com a vida (1975), by João Antônio, and Carta ao Zézim (1979), sent by Caio Fernando Abreu to José Márcio Penido. Next, the first chapter shows a comparative study between Galeria Alaska, by João Antônio, and Caçada, by Caio Fernando Abreu, narratives about questions related to the homoeroticism. The second chapter draws a comparison between two stories which has marginalized female characters as protagonists: Mariazinha tiro a esmo and Dama da noite, by João Antônio and Caio Fernando Abreu, respectively. Finally, following the same order of authorship, the third chapter is about Três cunhadas Natal 1960 and Creme de alface, which discuss the social insertion of middle class.
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Pacto em Capão pecado: das margens para o centro do texto, do texto para o interior do homem / Pact in Capão Pecado: the margins to the center of the text, the text inside the manMarques, Luciana Araujo 10 March 2011 (has links)
O estudo analisa o romance Capão pecado, de Ferréz, publicado originalmente em 2000. A obra foi noticiada em um grande jornal do país antes mesmo de ser publicada e ganhou grande repercussão pelo fato de ter sido escrita por um jovem morador desempregado da periferia da zona sul paulistana, região marcada por altos índices de violência, entre outras mazelas sociais, onde a literatura nunca houvera sido um meio de expressão familiar. O discurso do autor, imbuído de uma missão de representar vivências até então excluídas da cena literária, e do processo simbólico de maneira geral, a partir de um ponto de vista interno, parece imporse como mediação de seu texto, estabelecendo com o leitor o que chamo de pacto de verossimilhança, marcado pelo teor testemunhal como componente. O reconhecimento do extra-literário como fator determinante e intrínseco à fruição estética do objeto analisado, no entanto, não diminui o caráter decisivo de sua elaboração ficcional, como se procurará mostrar. / This study analyzes the novel Capão pecado, by Ferréz, originally published in 2000. The book was reported on in a national newspaper even before publication and gained widespread attention because it was written by a young, unemployed resident of the poor areas in the south of the city of São Paulo, a region marked by high rates of violent crime and other social dysfunctions, a place where literature had never been a common form of expression. Inspired by a mission to show experiences that had, up to that point, been excluded from the literary scene and from the symbolic process in general, the author used an internal point-of-view that seems to function as a mediation on his own writing, creating a so-called agreement of verisimilitude. An important component of this project is the desire to bear witness. As will be demonstrated, however, the author\'s recognition that extra-literary factors are fundamental and intrinsic to the aesthetic elaboration of the object he is analyzing does not, however, diminish the decisive character of his fictional work.
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Figures de la marginalité dans trois romans de femmes : Égypte/MaghrebBejaoui, Rim 12 1900 (has links)
Mon projet porte sur le concept de marginalité dans trois romans, Al-Riwayah (Le Roman)
de Nawal El Saadawi, Les Intranquilles d’Azza Filali et Jeux de rubans d’Emna Belhaj Yahia.
L’étude la marginalité « femme », plus que toute autre marginalité, nous renseigne sur les
orientations d’une société, sur ses aspirations et nous informe des dynamiques qui la travaillent.
Dans ce sens, le marginal « sert de miroir à la société » (Barel). Il s’agit de voir ce que la
marginalité femme fait des normes sociales qui l’infériorisent, qui font d’elle une marginalité,
c’est-à-dire un objet visible mais tenu à l’écart. La marginalité « femme » chez Nawal El
Saadawi, Azza Filali et Emna Belhaj Yahia parvient-elle à rejeter d’emblée les normes qui sont à
l’origine de sa mise à l’écart ? Est-il possible d’envisager un processus d’autonomisation à partir
des normes existantes ? Mon hypothèse est qu’il ne suffit pas de se réapproprier les normes
sociales de sorte à s’affirmer à l’intérieur des traditions établies. Dans les trois romans étudiés, les
traditions qui cautionnent certaines normes et pratiques sociales finissent par être rejetées. Il ne
suffit pas d’« élargir » les normes sociales et de multiplier les analyses et interprétations des
textes qui cautionnent certaines idées qui sont à l’origine de la mise à l’écart des « femmes » et
autres groupes sociaux et minorités. L’individu doit être en mesure d’envisager une existence qui
lui est propre sans avoir à se référer aux traditions héritées. Dans les trois romans étudiés, la marginalité « femme », pour envisager une existence libérée des contraintes du groupe, doit défaire la norme, c’est-à-dire redéfinir ce qui est de l’ordre des priorités pour elle et remettre en cause les idées reçues. Je pars du présupposé butlérien selon lequel la norme est à la fois une nécessité et une contrainte. La norme sert à définir les rapports entre individus et à organiser les activités. C’est ce qui organise aussi la vie en commun. Il n’y a pas d’existence à l’extérieur de la norme (Butler). Le marginal doit subvertir la norme, être dans la norme et à l’extérieur de celle-ci. Il s’adapte mais ne se conforme pas. S’il envisage de se constituer en tant que sujet grâce à la norme et à partir de la norme, l’individu doit avant tout admettre que la norme lui confisque sa liberté et son libre-arbitre. Il doit reconnaître que l’initiative individuelle est prohibée par les normes de groupe. Les frontières entre la marginalité et son opposé, la normalité, sont mouvantes. C’est dans cette perspective que des changements sociaux peuvent être envisagés. Des interactions entre la marginalité et la société « normale » ont lieu. La marginalité qui était socialement visible et spatialement localisable devient diffuse. Les divisions entre le centre, lieu de concentration des activités et lieu central dans l’espace, et la périphérie, lieu d’exclusion, et entre normalité et marginalité sont remises en cause. L’individu de la marge et celui de la société « normale » ont en réalité les mêmes préoccupations. / My project explores the concept of marginalization in three novels: Al-Riwâyah (Nawal El
Saadawi), Les Intranquilles (Azza Filali) and Jeux de rubans (Emna Belhaj Yahia). The study of
these novels shows that the marginalization of women (more so than the study of any other
marginalized group) reveals society’s aspirations, the direction society is headed in and the
dynamics that drives it. In essence, this marginalized group mirrors society (Barel). I concentrate
on the way in which women are marginalized by societal norms, the very norms that ensure
women are lesser beings and how they are viewed by society. Can the marginalized women in El
Saadawi, Filali and Yahia’s novels succeed in rejecting the norms that place them on the outskirts
of society? Do the existing norms allow for a process of empowerment? My contention is that
taking ownership of societal norms is not enough. In each of the three novels in question,
traditions that uphold certain norms and social practices are rejected by the women characters. It
takes more than an “extension” (Butler) of social norms and analyses of notions that contribute to
the exclusion of women and other minorities to create transformation. The individual must be
capable of imagining his/her own place in society without having to remain bounded by inherited
traditions.
In these three novels, the marginalized women redefine their priorities and question
convention, thus tearing down norms in order to visualize a role free from the constraints of the
majority. I argue that norms are shown in these novels to be both necessary and restrictive
(Butler). Societal norms define relationships and common activities. They add structure to the
community. The marginalized individuals and groups must topple the norms all the while
existing both inside and outside those norms. They adapt but do not conform. If the marginalized wishes to challenge and change existing norms, s/he must first admit that norms prevent him or
her from enjoying freedom and free will. S/He must recognize that individual initiative is
outlawed by societal norms.
The boundaries between the margins and mainstream society can shift. Unexpected
interactions between marginalized individuals and groups and what is known as the mainstream
can occur. Minority groups and the majority can share the same concerns. If social changes have
to take place, it will be due to the involvement of all of the social groups.
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A construção da identidade marginal no livro Graduado em marginalidade : a linguística sistêmico-funcional como ferramenta aos estudos críticosTorres, Fabio Ferreira Gois 31 January 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation developed at LAEL in PUC/SP is inserted into the research
area DIRECT em direção à Linguagem do Trabalho . The theoretical
framework is the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) which is here used to
discuss the book Graduado em Marginalidade by Sacolinha, writer and
resident of a periphery. The objective is to understand the changing of identity
in the main character of the novel. Based on the experiential component of the
ideational metafunction (Halliday 1994), I investigate the way the lexicogrammatical
choices reveal the changing of identity of the young Burdão who
becomes a criminal in the course of the novel. The concept of Indisciplinary
Applied Linguistics (LA) acting in the contemporaneity is key for this research,
for understanding the political role of the researcher. The Applied Linguistics
emerges as of great interest in the studies of the language in use and points out
that an applied linguist conducting one s study must be critical. This research
also contributes to discussions about anti-language (Halliday 1982), showing
that the reconstruction of the identity of excluded individuals, can be in an antisociety
environment, as what happens to Burdão. The analyzes are performed
with the support of the methodological tools of Corpus Linguistics (CL), through
the computational programme WordSmith Tools (Scott 2008) / Esta dissertação, desenvolvida no LAEL da PUC/SP, está inserida na linha
de pesquisa DIRECT- em direção à Linguagem do Trabalho, além de
contribuir com o projeto SAL (Systemics across Languages). A base teórica
é a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), por ela, analiso o livro Graduado
em Marginalidade , do escritor e morador de uma periferia, Sacolinha. O
objetivo é discutir a mudança de identidade da principal personagem do
romance. Com base na metafunção ideacional, componente experiencial
(Halliday 1994), mostro como as escolhas léxico-gramaticais estão ligadas
ao contexto e como se relacionam a mudança de identidade do jovem
Burdão, que se transforma em um criminoso no decorrer do romance. A
concepção de Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar é fundamental para esta
pesquisa, por entender a pesquisa como espaço político do pesquisador. A
LA surge como grande interessada nos estudos da língua em uso e aponta
que um linguista aplicado, ao realizar sua pesquisa deve ser crítico. Esta
pesquisa, ainda, contribui com as discussões sobre antilinguagem (Halliday
1982), ao mostrar que a reconstrução identitária de indivíduos excluídos,
poderá ser em uma anti-sociedade, como acontece com Burdão. As
análises são realizadas com o apoio do instrumental metodológico da
Lingüística de Corpus (LC), através do Programa Computacional
WordSmith Tools (Scott 2008
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Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estatesArthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane) January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
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Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates / Kathy Arthurson.Arthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane) January 2001 (has links)
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) / x, 332 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
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Confrontando o Território com a Desigualdade Socioespacial da cidade de São Luís-MA/BrasilPetrus, Julia Katia Borgneth 07 February 2013 (has links)
A cidade passa por transformações e precisa ser repensada, ser reconstruída, ser habitável, oferecendo qualidade de vida a seus habitantes e isto independe de sua condição financeira. É nesse contexto que esta pesquisa acadêmica pretende compreender a cidade de São Luís, capital do Estado do Maranhão, por meio de suas várias formas como cidade no tempo e no espaço, e qual a relação com as disparidades sociais. Esta tese carrega no seu bojo uma gama de investigações sobre a desigualdade socioespacial de São Luís, estando estruturada no constructo de um estudo aportado no marco teórico, que da legitimidade intelectual ao estudo; as diretrizes metodológicas, as quais são fundamentais no entendimento dos resultados. Por conseguinte, a referida tese está embasada em várias técnicas e métodos de análise, como bibliográfica, cartografia, geoprocessamento, método estatístico e fórmulas matemáticas, no que diz respeito à desigualdade, à segregação, à exclusão e à negação do ser humano em sua dignidade, maximizando variáveis referente à pobreza. A pesquisa ocorreu em 37 grandes bairros, utilizando dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), dos censos de 2000 e 2010, com ênfase no ano de 2000. A referida tese com o título Confrontando o Território com a Desigualdade Socioespacial da cidade de São Luís-Ma/Brasil se descobre na perspectiva de uma cidade segregada, onde estão demarcados os bairros de pobres e ricos, e fragmentada, isto é: no mesmo bairro se encontram os pobres, ricos e classe média, dividindo os mesmos espaços, contudo com diferenças nas residências e ruas. Deste modo, são evidentes as desigualdades socioespaciais, com 334.180 mil pessoas (40,12%), residentes nos bairros esquecidos pelo Estado, ou abandonados voluntariamente, deixados à mercê de sua própria sorte.
Palavras Chave: Desigualdade Socioespacial. Segregação. Pobreza. São Luís. / La ciudad pasa por transformaciones y necesita ser vuelta a pensar, a ser reconstruida, a ser habitable, ofreciendo calidad de vida a sus habitantes y esto depende de su condición financiera. Es en ese contexto que esta investigación académica pretende comprender la ciudad de São Luís, capital del Estado de Maranhão, por medio de sus varias formas como ciudad en el tiempo y en el espacio, y cual la relación con las disparidades sociales. Esta tesis contiene una gama de investigaciones sobre la desigualdad socioespacial de São Luís, estando estructurada en el constructo de un estudio aportado en el marco teórico que da legitimidad intelectual al estudio; las directrices metodológicas, fundamentales en la comprensión de los resultados. Así pues, la referida tesis está basada en varias técnicas y métodos de análisis, como bibliográfica, cartografía, geoprocesamiento, método estadístico y fórmulas matemáticas, en lo que concierne a la desigualdad, la segregación, la exclusión y la negación del ser humano en su dignidad, maximizando variables referentes a la pobreza. La investigación se realizó en 37 grandes barrios, utilizando datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE), de los censos de 2000 y 2010, con énfasis en el año 2000. La tesis plantea la doble perspectiva de una ciudad segregada (donde están claramente demarcados los barrios de pobres y ricos), pero al mismo tiempo fragmentada, o sea: en el mismo barrio se encuentran los pobres, ricos y clase media, dividiendo los mismos espacios, sin embargo, con diferencias en las residencias y calles. De este modo, son evidentes las desigualdades socioespaciales, con 334.180 mil personas (40,12%), viviendo en los barrios olvidados por el Estado, o abandonados voluntariamente, dejados a su propia suerte. / The city is going through changes and needs to be rethought, be rebuilt to be habitable, offering quality of life to its inhabitants, and this is independent of your financial condition. It is in this context that this research aims to understand the city of São Luís, capital of Maranhão State, through its various forms in time and space, and what is the relationship with the social disparities. This thesis carries in its wake a range of research on sociospatial inequality of São Luís, being structured on the theoretical study, which gives intellectual legitimacy and methodological guidelines, which are fundamental in understanding the results. Therefore, that argument is based on various techniques and methods of analysis, such as literature, cartography, GIS, statistical method and mathematical formulas, with respect to inequality, segregation, exclusion and denial of human dignity, maximizing variables that relate to poverty. The research takes place in 37 major neighborhoods, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), censuses of 2000 and 2010, with emphasis in 2000. This thesis has the title Confronting the Sociospatial Inequalities with the territory of the city of São Luís-Ma/Brasil, which discovers a segregated city, where are demarcated neighborhoods rich and poor, and fragmented, in the same neighborhood where are the poor, rich and middle class, sharing the same space, but with differences in homes and streets. Thus, the sociospatial inequalities are evident, with 334.180 million people (40.12%), residents in neighborhoods neglected by the state, or voluntarily abandoned, leaving the mercy of their fate.
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"We don’t count, we’re just not there" : using feminist action research to explore the relationship between exclusion, poverty and women’s healthReid, Colleen 11 1900 (has links)
One of the greatest social injustices is that people who are marginalized experience more illnesses,
disability, and shorter lives than those who are more affluent (Benzeval, Judge, and Whitehead,
1995). In this dissertation I critique the notion that health is affected by poverty through primarily
material factors. In fact, poor women are systematically excluded from resources and
opportunities to pursue their health. This feminist action research project addressed how poverty
and exclusion influenced poor women's health, examined how a group of women negotiated their
experiences of poverty and health, and developed action strategies to address their shared
concerns.
For 1 V2 years I worked with a group of 30 poor women and gathered qualitative data from 15
meetings, 32 interviews, and 30 sets of fieldnotes. The women lived in material deprivation and
could not afford the most basic living necessities. They felt stereotyped, excluded, and invisible in
their every day lives. The stereotype of the "welfare recipient" fueled institutional stigmatization
and surveillance. Welfare, health care, and community recreation workers were threatening,
withheld important information, and limited the women's access to services through
chscriminatory practices and policies. The women had limited access to health-promoting
resources, and their interactions with authorities were shaming which negatively influenced their
psychosocial health through stress, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. Services that were
meant to help them labelled them as poor and hurniliated them. The women's shame, material
scarcity, and limited access to resources engendered feelings of lack of control and hopelessness
and influenced their health.
The women's varied discourses of poverty and health reflected attempts at finding legitimacy in a
society that systematically excluded and de-legitimized them. Through their conversations and
our feminist action research work together, they uncovered legitimate identities within
experiences of poverty and ill-health and advocated action and social change. They cited a
"livable" income, accessible health-promoting resources, and redressing stigmatizing practices
and policies as changes required to improve their health. These findings confirmed that the social
determinants of health must be reframed to better understand the effects of exclusion on poor
women's health and that inclusion, respect, and dignity are fundamental conditions for promoting
health.
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A marginal elite? : a study of African registered nurses in the Greater Durban area.Cheater, Angela Penelope. January 1972 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1972.
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